Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex is the most common disease occurring in feedlot cattle. Vaccines and antibiotics remain the standard methods for prevention, control, and treatment. Gamithromycin is an azalide 15-membered semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic that has been developed for treatment and prevention of BRD in feedlot cattle. Cattle, clinically ill with BRD, treated with gamithromycin at 6 mg/kg (2mL/50kg) by subcutaneous injection on Day 0, had significantly (P<0.05) lower mean depression scores, respiratory character scores, and rectal temperatures on daily assessments on Day I through the completion of the 10-day study than negative control cattle treated with saline. The percentage of overall treatment successes for cattle treated with gamithromycin was significantly (P<0.05) higher than in the control cattle treated with saline. Mortality also was significantly lower for cattle treated with gamithromycin (0.6%) than for control cattle treated with saline (8.5%). These results indicate that a single dose of gamithromycin at 6 mg/kg (2mL/50kg) is significantly effective as a treatment of for cattle showing clinical signs of BRD.

Objective-To determine the effects of 8 days of light to heavy exercise on gastric ulcer development in horses and determine the efficacy of omeprazole paste in preventing gastric ulceration.Design-Randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial.Animals-102 horses with normal-appearing gastric mucosa on endoscopic examination that were in light to heavy training.Procedures-Horses at 4 trial locations were allocated into replicates and sham dosed orally (empty syringe) or treated with a paste formulation of omeprazole (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/ lb], PO) once daily for 8 days. Training regimens varied among locations and included early training for western performance events-walking, trotting, and cantering in a mechanical exerciser and race training (2 locations). Prevalences of gastric ulceration at the completion of the 8-day treatment period were compared between groups.Results-At the end of the 8-day treatment period, the proportion of omeprazole-treated horses free from gastric ulceration (88%) was significantly higher than the proportion of sham-dosed horses free from gastric ulceration (27%).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results showed that horses in light to heavy training for as short as 8 days were at risk of developing gastric ulcers and that administration of omeprazole paste decreased the incidence of gastric ulcers.

Modern anthelmintic use in horses has decreased the prevalence of the large strongyles, which has in turn shifted the focus of parasitologists to the pathogenic importance of the small strongyles, tapeworms, and other parasites. These studies show that a combination product containing ivermectin and praziquantel allowed efficacious treatment of horses for nematode, cestode, and bot infections. The use of this combination product may be of special benefit to horses that are mainly kept outdoors and on grazing pastures.

The efficacy of an oral formulation of ivermectin plus praziquantel in the reduction of nematode and cestode egg counts in horses was assessed in 273 horses under field conditions at 15 sites in North America (n = 6) and Europe (n = 9). Horses were confirmed by fecal examination to have natural infections of strongyles (100%) and tapeworms (76%). Replicates of four horses were formed at each site, and in each replicate three animals received ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg body weight) plus praziquantel (1 mg/kg body weight) oral paste and one animal remained untreated or received vehicle paste. Fecal samples were collected for fecal nematode and cestode egg counting before and 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, and 16 days after treatment. Horses treated with ivermectin plus praziquantel oral paste had significantly (P <.01) lower posttreatment strongylid and cestode egg counts (reductions of 98% or more) than controls. Combined site analyses revealed that 95% or 96% of the horses positive for cestode eggs before treatment that were treated with ivermectin plus praziquantel were negative for cestode eggs at each posttreatment fecal examination. No adverse reactions attributable to ivermectin plus praziquantel oral paste treatments were observed. The results of the studies demonstrated that ivermectin plus praziquantel paste was highly effective in reducing egg shedding by gastrointestinal nematodes and cestodes, and no adverse reactions were observed in horses treated under field conditions.