Purpose This study aims to investigate the applicability of Ritter’s (2000) framework of interconnectedness in a triadic relationship between a provider, intermediaries and customers and to extend the framework by considering how the state of the relationships in a triad influences the relationship dynamic. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative case study research method with multiple sources of evidence was adopted in this study. The case study focusses on a triadic relationship of one of the largest UK-based financial services institutions, Provider XYZ, with independent financial advisers and customers. Findings The findings confirm that the synergy effect, lack effect, competition effect and by-pass effect exist in the triadic relationship. The findings also acknowledge that the state of the relationships in a triad, whether they are positive (+), negative (−) or neutral (0), combined with the identified interconnectedness effect determine the dynamic of the triadic relationship network. Originality/value This paper extends the existing framework of interconnectedness by considering how the change of the relationship state changes the relationship dynamic in a triad. By evaluating both the effect of interconnectedness and the state of the relationships in a triad, managers can identify and manage possible conflicts in a triad and enhance the effectiveness of the triadic relationship.

This paper focuses on exploring yoga tourism as an under researched area where little has been written to date. Yoga tourism is an emergent niche market that can be viewed as a subset of wellness or holistic tourism. Previous research has suggested that it reflects consumers' desire for self-improvement and concern for society when choosing a holiday destination and involves active participation, sharing common functional characteristics in travel motivations and social values related to improving an individual's quality of life. There is currently, however, a gap in the literature on how the primary motivation for travel affects the choice of destination, type of accommodation, activities and the overall experience of the yoga traveller. This study employed an on-line survey to members of established yoga membership organisations with the aim of filling this inherent gap in the literature, establish an enhanced visitor profile, and explore the motivational factors that encourage yoga practitioners to participate in yoga tourism activities.

Our paper furthers understanding of lived experiences in tourism settings as remembered by informants. We propose the value of a phenomenological ‘artefact elicitation’ method in revealing rich insights into informants’ recollections of their lived tourism experiences. Our approach, which is underpinned by tourism, anthropology, and psychology, draws from both visual and material culture concepts. Our presentation considers lived experience, phenomenological approaches, and the proposed artefact elicitation approach, which draws from visual methods, material culture, and memory concepts. The use of phenomenological methods has become increasingly pertinent in studying consumers’ embodied lived experiences in tourism settings, both conceptually and empirically (e.g., Cresswell, 2013; Pernecky & Jamal, 2010). The emergence of innovative sociological methods in tourism has seen increased interest in the visual and ethnographic and phenomenological methods melded with visual practices, including photography, film-making, and image collection or creation. These have been forwarded as approaches to explore embodied performances of lived tourism experiences (Haldrup & Larsen, 2003; Pink, 2007, 2016; Rakić & Chambers, 2012; Scarles, 2010). Material culture has long been studied in archaeology, anthropology, geography, history, and design disciplines. More recently, the ‘material turn’, being concerned with objects, bodies, and texts (Law & Hetherington, 2000), has been seen across the social sciences and in tourism studies specifically (Haldrup & Larsen, 2006; Morgan & Pritchard, 2005; Muecke & Wergin, 2014). The postmodernist perspective of history as a constructed and illusionary phenomenon has led to interest in the study of memory in the arts, humanities, and social sciences (see Baudrillard, 1994; Jenkins, 2003; Joyce & Kelly, 1991; Stone & Speigel, 1992; amongst others). The subjective nature of memory may be viewed through its relationship with material objects and their role in remembering experiences. We therefore propose the use of artefacts as a valuable means of igniting memories of lived tourism experiences, and suggest the use of souvenirs and other objects in this approach (Morgan & Pritchard, 2005). Our artefact elicitation approach adapts a photo-elicitation method by inserting informant collected visual and material sources within phenomenological interviews (Harper, 2012). Our approach aims to elicit detailed multi-sensorial and corporeal personal accounts of informants’ memories of their embodied lived experiences and to highlight remembered in-depth memories of their engagement and immersion within these experiences. Edinburgh’s Festival Fringe is a cultural hallmark event tourism phenomenon, (Getz & Page, 2016; Todd, Leask, & Ensor, 2017). Our paper draws from a study which was concerned with understanding stakeholders’ lived experiences in this setting. We conclude by discussing the analytical potential of artefact elicitation as a useful and innovative means of understanding the nature of memories of lived experiences in further tourism settings. References Baudrillard, J. (1994). The system of collecting. The Cultures of Collecting, 18. Creswell, J.W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five 1 Todd et al.: Materialities, Memories, and Lived Event Tourism Experiences Published by Digital Commons @ TRU Library, 2017 approaches. Sage. Getz, D., & Page, S.J. (2016). Progress and prospects for event tourism research. Tourism Management, 52, 593–631. Haldrup, M., & Larsen, J. (2003). The family gaze. Tourist Studies, 3(1), 23–46. Haldrup, M., & Larsen, J. (2006). Material cultures of tourism. Leisure Studies, 25(3), 275–289. Harper, D. (2012). Visual sociology. Routledge. Jenkins, K. (2003). Rethinking history. Routledge. Joyce, P., & Kelly, C. (1991). History and post-modernism. Past & Present, 133, 204–213. Law, J., & Hetherington, K. (2000), Materialities, globalities, spatialities. In J. Bryson, P. Daniels, N. Henry, & J. Pollard, eds., Knowledge, Space, Economy (pp. 34–49). London: Routledge. Morgan, N., & Pritchard, A. (2005). On souvenirs and metonymy: Narratives of memory, Metaphor, and materiality. Tourist Studies, 5(1), 29–53. Muecke, S., & Wergin, C. (2014). Intensifying the tourist experience: ‘Survenirs’ at Daly Waters Pub. Tourist Studies, 14(3), 231–245. Pernecky, T., & Jamal, T. (2010). (Hermeneutic) phenomenology in tourism studies. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(4), 1055–1075. Pink, S. (2007). Walking with video. Visual Studies, 22(3), 240–252. Pink, S. (2016). Doing visual ethnography, 3rd edition. Sage. Rakić, T., & Chambers, D. (2012). Rethinking the consumption of places. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(3), 1612–1633. Scarles, C. (2010). Where words fail, visuals ignite: Opportunities for visual autoethnography in tourism research. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(4), 905–926. Stone, L., & Spiegel, G.M. (1992). History and post-modernism. Past & Present, 135, 189– 208. Todd, L., Leask, A., & Ensor, J. (2017). Understanding primary stakeholders’ multiple roles in hallmark event tourism management. Tourism Management, 59, 494–509. 2 Critical Tourism Studies Proceedings, Vol. 2017 [2017], Art. 16 https://digitalcommons.library.tru.ca/cts-proceedings/vol2017/iss1/16

The number of older people is growing globally and therefore there is an implication for providing products and services to facilitate access to nutritious food, considered fundamental for maintaining health and independence. Historically, older consumers have been unattractive to marketers, however improved finances and lifestyles indicate the “grey pound” has the potential to become lucrative. This exploratory research seeks to identify the current expectation of Scottish older consumers in relation to the products and services available in the supermarket and food retailers. A questionnaire was distributed to participants aged over 50 years in Scotland to voice the opinion of the older consumer in relation to shopping experience and availability of product. The results support previous research indicating the improved lifestyles of older consumers, demonstrating that previous perceptions of older people as impoverished and immobile are not representative of this group. This study contributes to the demand for more information on older consumers׳ food shopping habits and preference in Scotland. It attempts to provide useful recommendations for supermarkets and food retailers in fulfilling the needs of this rising consumer segment. This research concludes that supermarkets could improve access to both products and services to meet the demand from this growing segment of society, through better understanding of their requirements in terms of customer service, shopping experience, product size, price, access and mobility.

Within the knowledge-creating organisation, building communities of practice and allowing people to form social networks in order to disperse information is critical in order to foster creativity and innovation. It is argued that in order to exploit explicit knowledge and build an effective community of practice, there needs to be a work environment that encourages information sharing, creativity and innovation. The main approach of this research was to explore senior management's perceptions of the positive and negative factors that foster or hinder the social work environment. A conceptual model designed by Amabile et al, [5] was used as a framework for a series of qualitative interviews with senior managers within the UK advertising industry. This research found that UK advertising agencies are organised in a manner that allows them to strongly reinforce the work dimensions that foster a social/creative work environment and, therefore, effectively utilise explicit knowledge. The factors that usually hinder the creative working environment of an organisation were largely lacking in these agencies. The findings support the argument that this highly creative industry does replicate best practice and can be seen as a benchmark for other organisations. However, it is argued that the advertising industry may be more applicable as a benchmark for other service-based industries and knowledge-based organisations, particularly in the new economy, rather than large production-orientated industries.