Galeopsis tetrahit L. (Lamiaceae) is a traditional European medicinal species rich in phenolic compounds, among which verbascoside is a key bioactive marker with strong antioxidant potential. This study reports the standardization of a G. tetrahit leaf extract in verbascoside using a fully validated UHPLC–PDA method developed according to ICH Q2(R2) requirements. Leaves of wild-grown G. tetrahit collected from southwest Romania flora were extracted with 70% ethanol, yielding 17.28% dry extract. Chromatographic identification of verbascoside was confirmed by retention time, UV–PDA spectra, and QDa mass spectrometry (m/z 623.3 [M–H]−). The method showed excellent performance, including high specificity, linearity over 1.875–60 μg/mL (r = 0.999955), low LOD and LOQ (0.2649 and 0.8028 μg/mL, respectively), and robust precision and accuracy. Dry extract contained 345.8 ± 28.3 mg verbascoside per g (34.6%, w/w), corresponding to approximately 59.8 mg/g in dried leaves. Antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP), TPC and TFC confirmed notable radical scavenging and reducing activity, with pure verbascoside showing markedly stronger effects, supporting its major contribution to the extract’s antioxidant potential. These results demonstrate a reliable analytical approach and establish a verbascoside-based standardization framework for G. tetrahit extracts of documented Romanian origin.

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is one of the most extensively investigated biodegradable polymers for biomedical applications, owing to its tunable degradation kinetics, established biocompatibility, and regulatory approval. In implantology, PLGA-based systems have emerged as versatile platforms for scaffolds, coatings, and localized drug delivery, aimed at enhancing osseointegration and tissue regeneration. This review provides a focused and up-to-date analysis of PLGA applications in dental and orthopedic implantology, with particular emphasis on advances reported over the past decade. Unlike previous reviews that predominantly address general drug delivery or broad tissue engineering applications, this work establishes a direct correlation between polymer composition (LA:GA ratio), processing strategies, and biological outcomes, including degradation behavior, mechanical performance, and host response. Special attention is given to multifunctional PLGA systems incorporating antibiotics, growth factors, and bioactive nanoparticles, highlighting their role in improving antibacterial efficacy and osteogenesis. Emerging technologies such as nanostructured composites, additive manufacturing, and stimuli-responsive delivery platforms are critically evaluated. Key limitations-including acidic degradation by-products, burst release kinetics, and translational barriers-are discussed in the context of clinical applicability. By integrating physicochemical design with biological performance and recent clinical trends (2024-2025), this review proposes a framework for the rational development of next-generation PLGA-based implant systems.

Background/Objectives: Epirubicin, Olaparib, and Ribociclib are widely used anticancer agents whose serum concentrations exhibit significant inter-individual variability, supporting the need for reliable and robust analytical methods suitable for pharmacokinetic evaluation and therapeutic exposure assessment. Variations in metabolism, drug–drug interactions, organ function, and treatment regimens may substantially influence systemic exposure, highlighting the importance of accurate quantification in clinical practice. This study describes the development and validation of a solid-phase extraction–liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPE–LC–MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of these drugs in human serum. Methods: Sample preparation was performed using Oasis PRiME HLB® cartridges to ensure efficient clean-up, optimal recovery, and reduced matrix effects. Chromatographic separation was achieved using gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile on a reversed-phase column, followed by single-quadrupole mass spectrometric (QDa) detection in the selected ion recording mode. The total run time was 13 min, enabling high-throughput analysis. Results: The method demonstrated good linearity (r > 0.997) over the tested concentration ranges, along with adequate selectivity, precision, accuracy, recovery, and stability, fulfilling the ICH M10 guideline validation criteria. No significant carry-over or interference from endogenous compounds was observed. Conclusions: Application to patient samples confirmed reliable performance in real clinical matrices and consistent quantification across different concentration levels. The proposed approach provides a potentially more accessible alternative in laboratories already equipped with LC-MS systems compared to LC-MS/MS platforms and can be applied in pharmacokinetic studies, representing a proof-of-concept for exposure assessment in oncology.

Caffeine is a medicine widely used in preventing apnoea in preterm infants. Despite its general use, clinical trials are lacking. Pharmacokinetic data related to this category of patients are not available in the specialised literature. These facts lead to an urgent need for simple analysis methods, available to any laboratory for serum caffeine dosing in preterm neonates. So far, authors have presented some specific and sensitive LC-MS (or tandem MS) analytical methods for the determination of caffeine in different types of biological samples. Within this work, a liquid chromatographic technique using SPE with Oasis PRiME HLB (R) cartridges as sample preparation procedure was validated. The analytical column was an unconventional porous graphitic carbon column (Hypercarb (TM)) at 60 degrees C column compartment temperature. Adenosine was used as internal standard. Mobile phase consisted of an optimised gradient (acetonitrile:methanol/tetrahydrofuran) with triethanolamine as mobile phase additive. Analysis run-time, including re-equilibration of the column was 13 min. Diode array detection at 273 nm was used in quantitation. Method validation was performed according to ICH guidelines. Moreover, the method was applied in determining blood serum levels of caffeine in 8 real serum samples collected from premature newborns.

Precision nutrition-targeted gut microbiota (GM) may have therapeutic potential not only for age-related diseases but also for slowing the aging process and promoting longer healthspan. Recent studies have shown that restoring a healthy symbiosis of GM by counteracting dysbiosis (DYS) through precise nutritional intervention is becoming a major target for extending healthspan. Microbiota-accessible borate (MAB) complexes, such as boron (B)–pectins (rhamnogalacturonan–borate) and borate–phenolic esters (diester chlorogenoborate), have a significant impact on healthy host–microbiota symbiosis (HMS). The mechanism of action of MABs involves the biosynthesis of the autoinducer-2–borate (AI-2B) signaling molecule, B fortification of the mucus gel layer by the MABs diet, inhibition of pathogenic microbes, and reversal of GM DYS, strengthening the gut barrier structure, enhancing immunity, and promoting overall host health. In fact, the lack of MAB complexes in the human diet causes reduced levels of AI-2B in GM, inhibiting the Firmicutes phylum (the main butyrate-producing bacteria), with important effects on healthy HMS. It can now be argued that there is a relationship between MAB-rich intake, healthy HMS, host metabolic health, and longevity. This could influence the deployment of natural prebiotic B-based nutraceuticals targeting the colon in the future. Our review is based on the discovery that MAB diet is absolutely necessary for healthy HMS in humans, by reversing DYS and restoring eubiosis for longer healthspan.

The study investigates the characteristics of PLGA-based particles encapsulating doxorubicin (Doxo) and functionalised with alendronate (Aln) for controlled drug delivery. Zeta potential measurements indicated moderate colloidal stability of both PLGA-Doxo and PLGA-Doxo-Aln particles, with values of-7 mV andA-10 mV, respectively. This negative charge suggests weak electrostatic repulsion between particles, potentially promoting aggregation in complex biological environments. Numerical and volumetric distributions showed that most particles were in the 550-822 nm size range, with a predominant particle size of 817.2 nm for PLGA-Doxo-Aln. AThe morphology of the particles revealed a porous structure, which could influence the gradual release of Doxo. Antibacterial activity tests showed significant inhibition of S. aureus by PLGA-Doxo, while PLGA-Doxo-Aln showed no activity against E. coli due to functionalization with Aln. Release studies indicated a controlled release of both Aln and Doxo, with gradual degradation of the PLGA matrix contributing to prolonged drug release. The results suggest that PLGA-Doxo-Aln particles could serve as a promising system for targeted drug delivery, particularly for bone-related cancers.

Microbiota-accessible nutritional complexes (MAC), a formulation comprising prebiotics, postbiotics, autophagy stimulators, senolytic activators, and natural probiotics, may influence systemic biomarkers and biological aging in healthy individuals. This pilot interventional study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 60-day MAC supplementation on serum biomarkers and biological age (BioAge) in medically healthy adults. Methods: Of 13 screened, 12 enrolled; 3 were excluded from the final analysis. Nine participants (five females, four males; mean age 61 ± 9.29 years) completed 60 days of daily MAC supplementation and were included in the analyses. Serum biomarkers were measured at baseline and post-intervention. BioAge was estimated using three machine-learning regressors: Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest (RF), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). Feature importance analysis was conducted to identify key predictors of BioAge. Results: No adverse events occurred. A significant reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels was observed from 2.66 ± 4.65 to 0.84 ± 0.54 mg/L (-69

Boron (B) remains one of the least understood trace elements in human nutrition. Traditionally regarded as non-essential, its biological role has been reevaluated in light of emerging microbiome research. We provide a narrative synthesis of mechanistic, preclinical, and clinical studies to assess whether the colonic actions of B meet accepted criteria for nutritional essentiality. This review revisits B bioavailability through a dual-pathway framework distinguishing plasma-accessible boron (PAB)—small, fully absorbable species with transient systemic effects—from microbiota-accessible boron complexes (MABCs)—indigestible conjugates that reach the colon intact. Evidence indicates that PAB exerts short-term metabolic modulation, whereas MABCs act as prebiotic cofactors that stabilize microbial quorum sensing (autoinducer-2–borate; AI-2B), reinforce the colonic mucus barrier through borate–diol crosslinking, and support host–microbiota symbiosis. Deficiency or low intake of MABCs leads to dysbiosis, barrier fragility, and low-grade inflammation along gut–organ axes—effects reversible by MABC-rich diets. Analytical and clinical tools are proposed to discriminate between PAB and MABC pathways, including fecal B/speciation, AI-2B assays, and mucus-penetration markers. Recognizing B’s essentiality as a microbiota-dependent nutrient reframes its nutritional assessment, guiding future dietary guidelines and prebiotic design toward the microbiome–mucus interface.

Epirubicin, olaparib and ribociclib are three important anti-cancer agents representing distinct classes: an anthracycline (epirubicin), a PARP inhibitor (olaparib) and a CDK4/6 inhibitor (ribociclib). Analytical quantification of these drugs in biological fluids or in dosage forms often uses high-performance or ultra-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC or RP-HPLC), often coupled with ultraviolet (UV) or photo-diode-array detection (PDA), occasionally with mass spectrometric detection (MS). Within this paper, a rapid HPLC method with PDA detection for simultaneous quantitation of these analytes in pharmaceutical dosage forms is presented. The separation was carried out on a Vanquish Core (Thermo Scientific, USA) liquid chromatograph coupled with a PDA detector. Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) using Oasis PRiME HLB® cartridges was employed as sample preparation procedure. Chromatography was performed by using an unconventional porous graphitic carbon column (HypercarbTM); a gradient elution was carried out using a mixture of acetonitrile/tetrahydrofuran. The flow rate of the mobile phase and the injected volume were 1mL/min and 20μL, respectively. The column compartment temperature was set to 60°C. Each chromatographic peak was integrated at its maximum absorption wavelength. Quantification was performed with external standard method. All validation data were assessed according to European Medicines Agency (EMA) Guidelines, regarding stability, limit of detection/quantitation, precision, accuracy and linearity. The presented method was applied in pharmaceutical dosage forms analysis.

In this study, lithium-doped biological-derived hydroxyapatite (BioHA:LiP) and BioHA:LiP functionalised with zoledronic acid (BioHA:LiP_ZA) structures were successfully fabricated using both pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) techniques. The structural, morphological, compositional, and biological properties of the deposited layers were investigated to evaluate their potential in implantology. AX-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the preservation of the HA phase and the successful incorporation of ZA into the coatings. Morphological assessments via scanning electron microscopy revealed compact granular morphologies characterised by tightly packed nanoscale particles forming a continuous film. At the same time, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy validated the compositional integrity of the structures. Biological assays demonstrated the absence of cytotoxicity for all tested materials. Moreover, ZA doping was demonstrated to improve the adhesion and spreading of osteogenic progenitor stem cells. These findings suggest that ZA-functionalized BioHA:LiP coatings may exhibit promising characteristics for implant surface modifications and bone regeneration, supporting their further development for biomedical applications.

The paper highlights the phenolic acids content of roots, aerial parts and leaves of two Galeopsis spp. (Lamiaceae) from the southwest Romania (Oltenia Region) flora, using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled with photodensitometry. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) was identified and quantified in all 70% ethanolic extracts of Galeopsis spp. The highest CGA amount was determined in G. speciosa leaves (9.192 mg/g), followed by G. bifida leaves (9.017 mg/g), G. speciosa roots (8.283 mg/g), G. speciosa aerial parts (7.317 mg/g), G. bifida aerial parts (3.392 mg/g), and G. bifida roots (1.825 mg/g). Our research used HPTLC for the assessment of phenolic acid content, emphasizing the pharmacological potential of Galeopsis spp., mainly the antioxidant properties, which may contribute to their traditional applications in treating respiratory and inflammatory disorders.

Background/Objectives Galeopsis spp. (Lamiaceae) are widely distributed across extensive areas in Romania, being used mainly for their sedative, neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, expectorant, astringent, and diuretic properties. The paper reports for the first time the investigation of the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and phenolic acid profile in the roots, aerial parts, and leaves from three wild-grown Galeopsis spp. (G. bifida Boenn., G. speciosa Mill., and G. tetrahit L.), along with their antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory potentials. Methods: The ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet/mass spectrometry (HPLC/UV/MS) method was used for the identification and quantification of key phenolic acids. The spectrophotometric method was applied for the determination of TPC, TFC, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities and also the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) was employed for the assessment of in situ antioxidant (DPPH assay) and AChE inhibitory potentials. Results: Galeopsis spp. exhibit significant polyphenol accumulation. Chlorogenic acid was the most abundant compound, with the highest levels detected in G. tetrahit leaves (22,347.907 ± 1117.395 μg/g), followed by G. tetrahit aerial parts (11,678.509 ± 583.925 μg/g) and G. speciosa leaves (8712.628 ± 435.631 μg/g). G. tetrahit leaves had the highest DDPH radical scavenging activity, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.458 ± 0.03 mg/mL, demonstrating a markedly stronger antioxidant effect. Leaves consistently showed the strongest DPPH activity across all species, with G. speciosa leaves also displaying a low IC50 value of 0.789 ± 0.03 mg/mL, comparable to G. tetrahit. Aerial parts exhibited an intermediate effect, with G. bifida aerial parts showing an IC50 of 8.102 ± 0.49 mg/mL, while G. tetrahit aerial parts demonstrated stronger activity at 1.511 ± 0.11 mg/mL. AChE inhibition activity increased progressively from the roots to aerial parts to leaves, with leaves consistently exhibiting the strongest inhibitory effects across all Galeopsis spp. G. tetrahit leaves had the strongest inhibition, with an IC50 of 4.002 ± 0.32 mg/mL, followed by G. speciosa leaves (6.92 ± 0.14 mg/mL) and G. bifida leaves (6.97 ± 0.68 mg/mL). Conclusions: Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the phenolic acid content, in vitro antioxidant activity, and neuroprotective potential of three Galeopsis spp. (G. bifida, G. speciosa, and G. tetrahit) from the southwestern Romanian flora.

Epirubicin, olaparib and ribociclib are three anti-tumoral molecules currently used in cancer therapy. Since serum levels of these drugs reveal a large inter-individual variability, validation of a fast, simple and reliable analytical method for quantitative determination of these molecules in human serum, with Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) purposes would be necessary. Papers in literature describe separation, identification and quantitation of the drugs in pharmaceutical formulas and biological matrices. The large majority of these approaches use protein precipitation for sample pre-treatment, followed by LC separation and tandem-mass-spectrometry (MS/MS) detection. We propose an alternative method using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) with Oasis PRiME HLB® cartridges followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a C18 (4.6 × 50 mm) column. A gradient mobile phase with 0.1% formic acid/acetonitrile was utilized. MS detection in single ion recording (SIR) mode was employed. A 13-minutes run-time analysis, including column re-equilibration was assessed. Data for all molecules were validated according to ICH Guidelines. Calibration curves for all analytes were linear with correlation coefficient larger than 0.997. Values for precision were less than 6%. The method was applied on serum samples from patients up-taking the drugs, proving its suitability in TDM assisted adjustment of doses in therapy.

The aim of our study was to develop a more advanced method of using some already existing drugs by synthesizing a multicomponent biopolymeric nanocomposite material, which would function as a local drug release system. Thus, we started from simple polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles, synthesized by the double emulsion method. Then we functionalized the surface of the obtained material with polydopamine (PDA) to which we bound bisphosphonates (used in the current medical practice for the treatment of osteosarcoma). This resulted in a composite material with improved properties compared to constituent materials. The synthesized polymer biocomposites were characterized by SEM (morphological aspects) and Diffusion Light Scattering (DLS) (granulometric dimensions, zeta potential). The chosen synthesis method is simple, inexpensive, with easily adjustable parameters. The theoretical studies carried out regarding the bisphosphonate-polydopamine interaction showed a better stability for the risedronate interaction complex which agrees with the experimental data obtained for it.

NAD+ is known classically as a metabolite that participates in catabolic and anabolic pathways throughout the metabolism that is taught to students in introductory biochemistry courses. However, non-classical studies starting over a decade ago found that NAD+ is also involved in higher order functions, in part because of its involvement in the activation of SIRTs and the support of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Many studies since have suggested that NAD+ is involved in an extensive spectrum of human pathologies, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiomyopathy, obesity, and diabetes, Further, healthy aging and longevity appear to be closely related to NAD+ and its related metabolites, including NAR and NMN. Together, these studies show that this system has value as a dietary supplement to improve general health overall, as well as mitigating specific disease conditions. Accordingly, many are now recommending the consumption of materials in this system as dietary supplements. Nicotinamide riboside (NAR) appears to have special value in this regard. It appears to be better tolerated than other molecules in this system, as well as better pharmacodynamics and greater potency. Unfortunately, NAR is a reactive molecule, often unstable during its manufacturing, transport, and storage. Indeed, HPLC analyses of many commercial samples of NAR shows that they contain substantial amounts of material that are not, in fact, NAR. In some of these commercial preparations, NAR is a minority component. Therefore, more stable derivatives of NAR that are easily converted upon consumption into NAR are therefore desired. Recently work related to prebiotic chemistry provided the borate derivative of NAR. NARB is considerably more stable than NAR itself. However, immediately upon consumption, the borate dissociates from NARB, and is lost in the body through dilution and binding to other species, notably carbohydrates such as fructose and glucose. The NAR left behind is expected to behave pharmacologically in ways identical to NAR itself. This review provides a comprehensive summary (through Q1 of 2023) of literature that makes the case for the consumption of NAR as a dietary supplement. It then summarizes the challenges of delivering quality NAR to consumers using standard synthesis, manufacture, shipping, and storage approaches. It concludes by outlining the advantages of NAR-borate in these processes.

The natural compounds of boron have many applications, primarily as a dietary supplement. The research is based on the discovery that the diester chlorogenoborate complex can be detected and quantified from green coffee beans. The study reports that such a diester molecule can also be synthesized in a stable form via the direct reaction of boric acid and chlorogenic acid in a mixture of acetonitrile–water (1:1, v/v) and left to evaporate over a period of 48 h at room temperature, resulting in a spirocyclic form (diester complex). The diester complex, with its molecular structure and digestibility attributes, has potential application as a prebiotic in gut health and oral health, and as a micronutrient essential for microbiota in humans and animals.

Our concern was to obtain a biocomposite material with improved properties of the constituent materials (poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and zinc–boron (Zn–B) complex) in accordance with the novelties in the field of delivery systems for therapeutic agents which lately redefine the importance of biopolymer nanocomposites with PLGA (biodegradable composites). The advantages of such a biomaterial target the health system, being easy to obtain, through a cost-effective method. The water/oil/water double emulsion method also allows the adjustment of the synthesis parameters, to maximize the degree of Zn–B complex encapsulation. The morphological aspects of the samples (size, shape, porosity) were established by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Particle size distribution (by volume and by number) was determined by direct light scattering (DLS). For all the synthesized materials, the observed morphology was typical for PLGA, spherical one. The particle size distribution showed that depending on the synthesis conditions, the particles can be obtained with diameters between 10–450 nm range and the value of the zeta potential (ZP) shows that the particles have electronegative surface charge, which offers a favorable perspective on the phenomena of aggregation, flocculation, dispersion. It was observed, applying the design of experiments (DoE), that the size of the particles increased with increasing amounts of PLGA and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the formulation, while ZP increased with higher PLGA and smaller PVA. The encapsulation efficiency was determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS).

Stachys officinalis L., Stachys palustris L., Stachys sylvatica L. (Lamiaceae) are widely used as herbal remedies. In this study, comparative assessment of the phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanin, and tannins content, together with antioxidant activity of the extracts obtained from flowers, leaves and stems was performed. Phenolic acids determined by the HPLC method reached highest values in flower extract of S. palustris, stem extract of S. officinalis, and leaf extracts of S. sylvatica. Flavonoids were found at values exceeding 100 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g dry weights in all three species, based on the spectrophotometric method. Anthocyanins were detectable only in extracts from flowers. S. officinalis stood out for the highest content of anthocyanins and tannins. Antioxidant activity was present in all three species studied, with S. palustris standing out for the most intense ferric reducing antioxidant power. The results obtained lead to the validation of applicability of these plants for curative and food purposes, given their variety and richness in bioactive compounds and antioxidants.

Sorafenib and nilotinib are two tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) used in the treatment of cancer. Plasmatic levels of the drugs show an important variability, so determining plasma concentration of the drugs, benefits in cancer treatment can be improved. Most papers published so far in the literature use protein precipitation followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) as separation and detection method. With this work, we propose an alternative method for the analysis of both TKIs in human plasma. Solid phase extraction (SPE) involving Oasis PRiME HLB (R) cartridges was our choice for plasma "clean-up" procedure. Extraction recoveries were at least 85%. Chromatography was performed by an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographic system (UHPLC), using a C18 (4.6 x 50 mm) column and a mobile phase consisting of ammonium acetate/acetic acid-acetonitrile gradient elution. Detector was a simple mass spectrometer (MS) in Single Ion Recording (SIR) mode. Intra-and inter-day precision data for both TKIs were 3.8 7.6% and 4.5 8.8% for sorafenib and nilotinib, respectively. Sorafenib and nilotinib calibration curves were linear between 500 and 20000 ng/mL and 5 and 5000 ng/mL respectively, with correlation coefficients higher than 0.998. Analytes were determined in a 15 min run-time. The validated LC-MS method was applied in real human plasma routine analysis. This method may improve dose adjustment of the drugs in patients involved in cancer therapy.

Nowadays, the state-of-the-art discoveries in the field of delivery systems for therapeutic purposes have redefined the importance of biocompatible and biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanocomposites. The study aimed to obtain a biocomposite material, with improved properties of its constituents [zinc-boron (Zn-B) complex and PLGA], by a simple, cost-effective method. The water/oil/water double emulsion technique allowed the adjustment of the synthesis parameters, to maximize the degree of Zn-B complex encapsulation. The morphological aspects of the samples were established by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Particle size distribution was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Morphology was typical for PLGA, spherical one. Depending on the synthesis conditions, the obtained particles have diameters between 10-450 nm. Zeta potential (ZP) showed that the particles have electronegative surface charge, offering a favorable perspective on aggregation, flocculation, and dispersion phenomena. It was observed, applying the design of experiments, that the particles size increased with increasing amounts of PLGA and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), while ZP increased with higher PLGA and smaller PVA amounts in the formulation. The encapsulation efficiency was determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS). The in vitro assessment was performed using Vero CCL-81 epithelial cell line and the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. Zn-B-PLGA biocomposite has promising characteristics and can be used for future biomedical applications.