poly(glycidyl methacrylate). The PSA films were prepared with solution casting on pre-cleaned glass surfaces. From a naive point of view, one would have expected homogenous films which are characterized by the average monomer composition. To investigate the surface structure, we probed the density profile perpendicular to the PSA surface using x-ray reflectivity (XRR). We detected the presence of an enrichment layer of one type of monomer at the surface, followed by an enrichment of the other monomer type underneath. Which type of monomer of the statistical copolymer is enriched at the free surface depends on the choice of the minority component. The lateral structure of the detected enrichment layers is probed with grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS).
Microsymposiapoly(glycidyl methacrylate).The PSA films were prepared with solution casting on pre-cleaned glass surfaces.From a naive point of view, one would have expected homogenous films which are characterized by the average monomer composition.To investigate the surface structure, we probed the density profile perpendicular to the PSA surface using x-ray reflectivity (XRR).We detected the presence of an enrichment layer of one type of monomer at the surface, followed by an enrichment of the other monomer type underneath.Which type of monomer of the statistical copolymer is enriched at the free surface depends on the choice of the minority component.The lateral structure of the detected enrichment layers is probed with grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS).
A magnetic field measurement system was designed, built and installed at MAX Lab, Sweden for the purpose of characterizing the magnetic field produced by Insertion Devices (see Figure 1). The measurement system consists of a large granite beam roughly 2 feet square and 14 feet long that has been polished beyond laboratory grade for flatness and straightness. The granite precision coupled with the design of the carriage yielded minimum position deviations as measured at the probe tip. The Hall probe data collection and compensation technique allows exceptional resolution and range while taking data on the fly to programmable sample spacing. Additional flip coil provides field integral data.
This end station has been specially engineered to solve the problem of the limited optical access typically associated with magnetic fields and synchrotron radiation measurement stations. An octupole magnet provides a fully variable direction vector field. A cryogenically cooled manipulation transfer system is provides the necessary flexibility to address a wide variety of magnetic samples. The whole system is ultra high vacuum compatible with a base pressure of 5 x 10(-10) mbar. The eight water-cooled magnets, spaced equidistantly over the surface of a sphere, allow the application of the field in any direction. These high current magnets generate a field in the area of the sample of I T. A photodiode detector travels along a +/- 90 [deg] are perpendicular to the beam axis. This motion, coupled with the entire system rotation of +/- 90 [deg] and incoming light polarization allows for the diode to be placed anywhere on a hemisphere perpendicular to the beam for any light polarization. The system also has provisions for cooling the sample with LHe and sample positioning in X, Y, Z, and rotation about the Z axis with micron resolution.
We have measured the polarization of the heliumlike sulfur resonance line 1s2p {sup 1}P{sub 1} {yields} 1s{sup 2} {sup 1}S{sub 0}, and of the blend of the lithium-like sulfur resonance lines 1s2s2p {sup 2}P{sub 3/2} {yields} 1s{sup 2} 2s {sup 2}S{sub 1/2} and 1s2s2p {sup 2}P{sub 1/2} {yields} 1s{sup 2}2s {sup 2}S{sub 1/2} as a function of electron beam energy from near threshold to 144 KeV. These lines were excited with the LLNL high-energy electron beam ion trap and measured using a newly modified two-crystal technique. Our results test polarization predictions in an energy regime where few empirical results have been reported. We also present calculations of the polarization using two different methods, and good agreement is obtained.