BACKGROUND:Orchids produce a colorless protocorm by symbiosis with fungi upon seed germination. For mass production of orchids, the prevailing approaches are both generation of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) from callus and multiplication of adventitious buds on inflorescence. However, somaclonal variations occur during micropropagation.RESULTS:We isolated the two most expressed transposable elements belonging to P Instability Factor (PIF)-like transposons. Among them, a potential autonomous element was identified by similarity analysis against the whole-genome sequence of Phalaenopsis equestris and named PePIF1. It contains a 19-bp terminal inverted repeat flanked by a 3-bp target site duplication and two coding regions encoding ORF1- and transposase-like proteins. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PePIF1 belongs to a new P-lineage of PIF. Furthermore, two distinct families, PePIF1a and PePIF1b, with 29 and 37 putative autonomous elements, respectively, were isolated, along with more than 3000 non-autonomous and miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE)-like elements. Among them, 828 PePIF1-related elements were inserted in 771 predicted genes. Intriguingly, PePIF1 was transposed in the somaclonal variants of Phalaenopsis cultivars, as revealed by transposon display, and the newly inserted genes were identified and sequenced.CONCLUSION:A PIF-like element, PePIF1, was identified in the Phalaenopsis genome and actively transposed during micropropagation. With the identification of PePIF1, we have more understanding of the Phalaenopsis genome structure and somaclonal variations during micropropagation for use in orchid breeding and production.

The future of driving extends from physical mobility and enjoyment today to having more services enabled by wireless connectivity, clean and green technologies, secure transactions, and so forth. Whether the ownership is based on physical vehicles or services, or whether the drivers are human or robots, one demand that will never change is to have better safety at affordable cost. Among available sensor technologies for the advanced-driver-assistance-system (ADAS), radar is indispensable due to its unique capability in robustness against environmental impacts, long-range detection, sufficient range resolution, and simultaneous multi-depth detection. Those are very crucial since camera, Lidar and ultrasonic sensors perform poorly under severe weather conditions, and an autonomous vehicle would become partially blinded without radars. There are several automotive radar applications such as front radars responsible for autonomous cruise control and automatic emergency braking, as well as corner radars responsible for blind-spot detection (BSD), cross-traffic alert (CTA), and the like. A new class of applications comprehending ultra-short range sensing and 360° surround view for parking assistance, door-opening alert, etc. is emerging. In this paper, requirements of the new applications will be examined, which will be further broken into system and circuit specification. A new system including application-driven algorithm, hardware and software designs will be presented to fulfill the new demands.

This paper presents a dual-band 2×2 WiFi transceiver in 28nm bulk CMOS. Achieved receiver and transmitter EVM floor at 5GHz for 160MHz per channel are -35dB and -33dB, respectively. The 2.4GHz integrated PA provides 26.5dBm saturated output power while its 5GHz counterpart delivers 26dBm. The 2.4GHz receiver features mixer first architecture while the transmitter includes a 2nd harmonic notch for emission control.

This paper describes a dual-band 802.11abgn/ac compliant transceiver in a 4-in-l combo connectivity SoC. It integrates the PAs, LNAs, T/R switches, and the 5GHz Balun. Due to the transmitter architecture and adaptive biasing scheme both are tailored for wide bandwidth, the 5GHz transmitter achieves 18.2dBm average output power for 802.11ac VHT80 MCS9 (Modulation and Coding Scheme 9). Within the 80MHz channel bandwidth, the IQ mismatch becomes frequency dependent, and is compensated through calibration. In the 2.4GHz transmitter, its PA load-line is adjustable. The power efficiency is thus remained similarly regardless the output power is at 20dBm for long range operation, or 8dBm for short range operation. By controlling the turn-on resistance of power island switch in digital baseband, and properly sizing the filler cap, the switching noise can be well controlled. The chip occupies 24.9mm2 in 55nm 1P6M CMOS technology, where 1.3mm2 is for 5GHz WLAN and 2.1mm2 is for 2.4GHz WLAN/BT.

This paper describes 2×2 MIMO 802.11ac Stage 1 WiFi + BT combo SoC chip with integrated dual-band PAs, LNAs, T/R switches, as well as a power management unit. The measured RX sensitivity of OFDM54M is -77.5dBm/ -77dBm in 2.4GHz and 5GHz, respectively. With the proposed broadband TX architecture, a high output power of 17.5dBm for 802.11ac Stage 1 VHT80 256QAM was achieved, and is extendable to the upcoming 802.11ac Stage2 VHT160. The maximum throughput achieved is 580Mbps in VHT80 MCS9 two-spatial stream mode, AWGN channel, with short GI. This chip occupies 27.8mm2 in 55nm 1P6M CMOS technology in which the MIMO WiFi RF and analog circuits occupies 7.7mm2.

In recent years, the increasing popularity of mobile devices, such as smart- phones and tablets, is driving the demand for integrating multiple radios on a single SoC to reduce cost, form factor and external BOM. These devices require ubiquitous wireless connectivity, which means concurrent operation with different radios. While concurrent operation of multiple radios brings excellent user experiences, there exist great challenges in dealing with radio co-existence in an SoC. For example, concurrent operation between WiFi and BT, both oper- ating in the 2.4GHz ISM band, sets additional requirements in RF front-end cir- cuits and system control. In addition, thermal effect of the integrated WiFi PA needs to be compensated to minimize its impact on the frequency-precise GPS system.

Inverted organic solar cells which required no electron selective layer were fabricated and their power conversion efficiency was found to improve irreversibly from 1.46% to 4.10% with post-processing light soaking for 2 hours. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization revealed further segregation in surface composition at the interface and was found to explain the current density-voltage measurements. In addition, the light soaked devices were found to exhibit extended lifetime as compared to conventional devices. Since no electron selective layer was required, light soaking may be considered as a cost-effective method to achieve efficient inverted organic solar cells.

The proliferation of location-based applications inside various handheld electronic devices, such as mobile phones and internet tablets, demands the GPS system to have low power consumption, small form-factor and be co-located on the same device with other radio systems, such as cellular, BT, and WLAN. The conventional GPS solution often uses two SAW filters, before and after an external LNA, to meet the requirements of low noise and multi-radio coexistence. Nevertheless, it is highly desirable to remove the external LNA and interstage SAW filter due to size and cost, which presents a great design challenge to achieve high out-of-band linearity with very low power consumption. To fulfill these stringent requirements, a more comprehensive approach is needed to tar get a radio architecture with a proper RX system budgeting and optimal circuit design. In addition, a GPS system can be desensitized by unexpected in-band blockers generated from other subsystems on the same platform, such as LCD display, PMU, CPU system clocks, etc. The GPS digital baseband processor must possess the capability to withstand in-band blockers without significant performance degradation. This paper presents a GPS/Galileo SoC with an adaptive in-band blocker cancellation scheme, which is implemented in a 65nm CMOS process.

Characteristics of Gd2O3 nanocrystal (Gd2O3-NC) memory with p+–p substrate high–low junction were investigated. The hysteresis memory window and program speed were significantly enhanced due to the band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) electrons injection by the high–low junction. Besides, under the same program/erase (P/E) cycling test, the electron and hole potential differences (qϕBn+qϕBp) will contribute to superior endurance properties of the Gd2O3-NC memory with p-type substrate than that with n-type one. Without sacrificing the erase speed and charge retention characteristics, the Gd2O3-NC memory with p+–p substrate high–low junction can greatly improve the memory performances and can be applied into future non-volatile memory (NVM).

Nanostructure band engineering accomplished by CF4 plasma treatment on Gd2O3 nanocrystal memory was investigated. Under the CF4 plasma treatment, the fluorine was incorporated into the Gd2O3 film and resulted in the modification of energy-band. A physical model was proposed to explain the relationship between the built-in electric field in Gd2O3 nanostructure and the improved program/erase (P/E) efficiency and data retention characteristics. The memory window of the Gd2O3–NC memory with CF4 plasma treatment and postplasma annealing was increased to 3.4 V after 104 P/E cycling. It is demonstrated that the Gd2O3–NC memory with nanostructure band engineering is promising for future nonvolatile memory application.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the safety and effectiveness of laser marsupialization of epiglottic cysts via a transoral route.Study Design: A prospective clinical series.Methods: Twenty-eight consecutive patients with epiglottic cyst underwent laser marsupialization of an epiglottic cyst via a transoral approach. Pre- and postoperative laryngoscopic examinations were carried out.Results: A total of 28 patients were enrolled, including 19 males and 9 females, ranging in age from 38 to 69 years, with a mean age of 54 years. Among these patients, 23 had a lumpy throat, and the remaining 5 had a voice alternation. The diameters of the cysts ranged from 1 to 3 cm. No perioperative bleeding or airway swelling was noted in any patient. The postoperative follow-up period ranged from 4 to 41 (mean, 16) months. No recurrence was found during the follow-up examinations.Conclusion. Transoral laser marsupialization is a simple, safe, and effective method for treatment of epiglottic cysts. This procedure has the potential to serve as the treatment of choice in the management of this condition.

Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryVolume 135, Issue 6 p. 983-985 Case Report Resection of a granular cell tumor of the larynx followed by medialization laryngoplasty with bipedicled sternohyoid muscle transposition Jui-Lin Hsu MD, Jui-Lin Hsu MD Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung Hsien, TaiwanSearch for more papers by this authorChih-Ying Su MD, Corresponding Author Chih-Ying Su MD [email protected] Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung Hsien, TaiwanReprint requests: Chih-Ying Su, MD, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Guns University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, No. 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung Hsien, Taiwan. E-mail address: [email protected].Search for more papers by this authorJui-Wei Lin MD, Jui-Wei Lin MD Department of Pathology, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung Hsien, TaiwanSearch for more papers by this author Jui-Lin Hsu MD, Jui-Lin Hsu MD Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung Hsien, TaiwanSearch for more papers by this authorChih-Ying Su MD, Corresponding Author Chih-Ying Su MD [email protected] Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung Hsien, TaiwanReprint requests: Chih-Ying Su, MD, Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Guns University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, No. 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung Hsien, Taiwan. E-mail address: [email protected].Search for more papers by this authorJui-Wei Lin MD, Jui-Wei Lin MD Department of Pathology, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung Hsien, TaiwanSearch for more papers by this author First published: 17 May 2016 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2005.04.021Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume135, Issue6December 2006Pages 983-985 RelatedInformation

ABSTRACT As the lot splitting concept has been used widely to reduce the makespan in a production system, most researches investigate the flow shop production systems and the job shop production systems have received much less attention relatively. This study investigates the application of lot splitting in a job shop production system with setup times which cannot be omitted more thoroughly. The research is divided into two phases. First, The addressed job shop scheduling problem is illustrated by a disjunctive graph, then a shifting bottleneck based heuristic is developed to solve the addressed scheduling problem without lot spitting. Following, each product is split into some consistent sublots, and a neighborhood searching procedure is then applied for finding a good solution. Two kinds of objectives that are minimizing makespan and early/tardiness penalties are evaluated. In order to investigate the influence of the number of sublots, due dates and setup times on a job shop production system with regard to the corresponding objective considered, some experiments are conducted. The experimental results shown that the lot splitting can effectively reduce makespan and early/tardiness penalties in the job shop scheduling problem. Two consistent sublots make the largest benefit, however, the benefits are gradually reduced with increasing the number of sublots.