International Journal of Paediatric DentistryVolume 18, Issue s1 p. 54-55 A prospective audit of paediatric patients attending London Dental Hospitals with dento-alveolar trauma JOANNA JOHNSON, JOANNA JOHNSON Guy’s and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UKSearch for more papers by this authorMINA VAIDYANATHAN, MINA VAIDYANATHAN Guy’s and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UKSearch for more papers by this authorJULIE MITCHELL, JULIE MITCHELL Kings College London, UK [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorEVELYN SHEEHY, EVELYN SHEEHY Guy’s and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UKSearch for more papers by this author JOANNA JOHNSON, JOANNA JOHNSON Guy’s and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UKSearch for more papers by this authorMINA VAIDYANATHAN, MINA VAIDYANATHAN Guy’s and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UKSearch for more papers by this authorJULIE MITCHELL, JULIE MITCHELL Kings College London, UK [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorEVELYN SHEEHY, EVELYN SHEEHY Guy’s and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: 11 September 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-263X.2008.00938_8.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. References 1 Mackie IC. Management and root canal treatment of non-vital immature permanent teeth. Int J Paediatr Dent 1998; 8: 289– 293. 2 Gregg TA, Boyd D. Treatment of an avulsed permanent incisor teeth in children. Int J Paediatr Dent 1998; 8: 75– 81. 3 Kinirons MJ. Treatment of traumatically intruded permanent incisor teeth in children. Int J Paediatr Dent 1998; 8: 165– 168. 4 Flores MT, Andersson L, Andreassen JO, et al. Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries I. Fractures and Luxations of permanent teeth. International association of dental traumatology. Dent Traumatol 2007; 23: 66– 71. 5 Flores MT, Andersson L, Andreassen JO, et al. Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries II. Avulsions of permanent teeth. International association of dental traumatology. Dent Traumatol 2007; 23: 130– 136. 6 Skaare AB, Jacobsen I. Etiological factors related to dental injuries in Norwegians aged 7–18 years. Dent Traumatol 2003; 19: 304– 308. Volume18, Issues1Special Issue: Abstracts of the 34th British Society for Paediatric Dentistry Annual Scientific Meeting 2008, 16–19 September, Liverpool, UKNovember 2008Pages 54-55 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Encouraging students to think mathematically using open-ended questioning, investigation, reflection, and feedback is a key feature of effective numeracy classrooms. This paper describes how open-ended tasks are being used to build students' mathematical knowledge and skills alongside their abilities to inquire and think reflectively. In Tasmania, curriculum reform that values the development of higher-order capacities and the connection of knowledge and skills across the curriculum has enabled two teachers to work in a way that matches their own pedagogical beliefs and practices with respect to planning, teaching, and assessment for student learning.

Examining the need for an eldercare policy is relevant and timely because the population is aging, a focus of care has shifted from institutional to community based, and informal caregivers, primarily women, are increasingly pressured to be responsible for eldercare. The purpose of the study is to examine the differences in the experiences of low-income and those who are not low-income informal caregivers. Three hundred questionnaires were mailed to past and present home care clients and 58 questionnaires were returned (19% response rate). This research revealed that low-income caregivers have increased needs for support and education from those who can afford to pay for their support services. Low-income caregivers experience significantly greater caregiver distress than do caregivers who are not low income. The unique needs of low-income caregivers must be considered in the formation of Canadian eldercare policy as increased health care privatization promotes the growing inequality in health care provision.

Minority physicians provide care in a manner that promotes patient satisfaction and meets the needs of an increasingly diverse U.S. population. In addition, minority medical school faculty bring diverse perspectives to research and teach cross-cultural care. However, men and women of color remain underrepresented among medical school faculty, particularly in the higher ranks. National data show that although the numbers of women in medicine have increased, minority representation remains essentially static. Studying minority women faculty as a group may help to improve our understanding of barriers to diversification. Six National Centers of Excellence in Women's Health used a variety of approaches in addressing the needs of this group. Recommendations for other academic institutions include development of key diversity indicators with national benchmarks, creation of guidelines for mentoring and faculty development programs, and support for career development opportunities.

Background: Phytoestrogens are a major component of Asian diets and may be protective against certain hormone-dependent cancers (breast and prostate) and coronary heart disease. They may also have antioxidant function in scavenging potentially harmful free radicals and thus decreasing oxidative attack on DNA.

Selenium deficiency causes further impairment of thyroid hormone metabolism in iodine-deficient rats and therefore could have a role in the aetiology of both myxoedematous and neurological cretinism in humans. Thyroidal type I iodothyronine deiodinase (ID-I), cytosolic glutathione peroxidase and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase activities were increased in iodine-deficient adult rats and their offspring at 11 days of age. Thyroidal ID-I activity was unchanged and thyroidal cytosolic glutathione peroxidase activity was decreased by more than 75% by combined selenium and iodine deficiency in 11-day-old rats, indicating that, while the thyroid retained an ability to produce 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3), the gland was probably more susceptible to peroxidative damage caused by increased hydrogen peroxide concentrations driven by increased thyrotrophin. Thyroidal atrophy, common in myxoedematous cretinism, did not occur in iodine- or selenium and iodine-deficient rat pups. Iodine deficiency increased brain type II iodothyronine deiodinase activity 1.5-fold in 4-day-old rats and 3-fold in 11-day-old rats, regardless of selenium status. Thus rats were able to activate compensatory mechanisms in brain that would maintain T3 concentrations in selenium and iodine deficiencies. Surprisingly, however, selenium deficiency had a greater effect than iodine deficiency on markers of brain development in rat pups. Expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA was decreased in selenium deficiency in 4- and 11-day-old pups and in combined selenium and iodine deficiency in 4-day-old pups. Iodine deficiency caused an increase in BDNF expression in 11-day-old pups but had no effect on 4-day-old pups. Myelin basic protein mRNA expression in brain was decreased by combined selenium and iodine deficiency in 11-day-old rats.

Phytoestrogens (PEs) are diphenolic compounds from plants which can bind to estrogen receptors and have estrogen and antiestrogen effects in man and animals. Like other plant phenolics, PEs may have antioxidant properties through hydrogen/electron donation via hydroxyl groups. They might therefore act as free radical scavengers and inhibit development of coronary heart disease and cancers. The hydrogen-donating ability of a range of phytoestrogens was assessed using electron spin resonance spectroscopy, the ferric-reducing ability of plasma assay, and the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity. In addition, the ability of compounds to inhibit lipid peroxidation was examined in vitamin E-deficient liver microsomes. Genistein had the highest activity of the isoflavones; however, the isoflavones were relatively poor hydrogen donors compared with the other estrogenic compounds examined. Coumestrol and equol were more effective antioxidants than genistein but had relatively limited activity in comparison with Trolox. The only estrogenic compound with significant antioxidant activity was kaempferol which is better known as a dietary antioxidant than a phytoestrogen. As the concentrations of PEs used in this study exceed the estimated serum concentrations, their relatively poor antioxidant abilityin vitromay indicate little significance as antioxidantsin vivo.

This paper reviews some recent findings on the interactions between selenium deficiency and iodine deficiency. Both micronutrients can control the levels of selenoprotein mRNAs, particularly in the thyroid and brain. When selenium and iodine supplies are limiting the compensatory mechanisms work to minimise adverse effects on thyroid hormone metabolism and thus neurological development. The mechanisms for regulation of selenoproteins in selenium and iodine deficiency are however very tissue-specific. For example, unlike the brain and thyroid, brown adipose tissue is unable to retain selenoproteins in selenium and iodine deficiency and is therefore at greater risk from injurious effects of the deficiencies.

Adequate dietary iodine supplies and thyroid hormones are needed for the development of the central nervous system (CNS) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) function. Decreases in plasma thyroxine (T4) concentrations may increase the requirement for the selenoenzymes types I and II iodothyronine deiodinase (ID-I and ID-II) in the brain and ID-II in BAT to protect against any fall in intracellular 3,3',5 tri-iodothyronine (T3) concentrations in these organs. We have therefore investigated selenoenzyme activity and expression and some developmental markers in brain and BAT of second generation selenium- and iodine-deficient rats. Despite substantial alterations in plasma thyroid hormone concentrations and thyroidal and hepatic selenoprotein expression in selenium and iodine deficiencies, ID-I, cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (cGSHPx) and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (phGSHPx) activities and expression remained relatively constant in most brain regions studied. Additionally, brain and pituitary ID-II activities were increased in iodine deficiency regardless of selenium status. This can help maintain tissue T3 concentrations in hypothyroidism. Consistent with this, no significant effects of iodine or selenium deficiency on the development of the brain were observed, as assessed by the activities of marker enzymes. In contrast, BAT from selenium- and iodine deficient rats had impaired thyroid hormone metabolism and less uncoupling protein than in tissue from selenium- and iodine-supplemented animals. Thus, the effects of selenium and iodine deficiency on the brain are limited due to the activation of the compensatory mechanisms but these mechanisms are less effective in BAT.

Conference Article| May 01 1996 Regulation of selenoprotein gene expression and thyroid hormone metabolism J. R. Arthur; J. R. Arthur * *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar G. Bermano; G. Bermano 1Division of Biochemical Sciences, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksbum, Aberdeen AB2 9SB, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. H. Mitchell; J. H. Mitchell 1Division of Biochemical Sciences, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksbum, Aberdeen AB2 9SB, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. E. Hesketh J. E. Hesketh 1Division of Biochemical Sciences, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksbum, Aberdeen AB2 9SB, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1996) 24 (2): 384–388. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0240384 Article history Received: November 20 1995 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J. R. Arthur, G. Bermano, J. H. Mitchell, J. E. Hesketh; Regulation of selenoprotein gene expression and thyroid hormone metabolism. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1996; 24 (2): 384–388. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0240384 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1996 Biochemical Society1996 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.