The paper aims at presenting the FMEA method based on the fuzzy technique, representing a new approach to the failure analysis and its effects on the observed system. The FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) method has assigned the risks a coefficient i.e. a numerical indicator that very clearly defines the degree of risk. The risk is calculated as a mathematical function of RPN which depends on the effects S, probability O that some case will lead to a failure and to a probability that a failure D can not be detected before its effects are realized. RPN = S O D. The FMEA method, based on the fuzzy logic, makes a more reliable evaluation of the observed system failures possible.

The paper brings an overview of all the Conferences on Marine Technology held so far – in memory of academician Zlatko Winkler. It gives the description of the entire Conference genesis, from the very idea and aims to the preparation and realization of each of the seven Conferences. Numerical data on Conferences are displayed in tables as well as the structure of their respective Organizing and Executive Committees.

Teorija fuzzy logike se koristi u brojnim primjenama koje se odnose na tehnicke sustave, ali i u drugim podrucjima istraživanja.Metode fuzzy logike predstavljaju novi pristup problemima upravljanja složenim sustavima, koje je vrlo tesko opisati određenim matematickim modelom, te kod sustava s vecim brojem ulaza i izlaza kod kojih dolazi do nejasnih međudjelovanja. U radu je dan primjer koji koristi fuzzy logiku da bi se smanjilo njihanje tereta objesenog na kran dizalice. Za ulazne parametre (brzina dizalice u uzdužnom gibanju, kut njihanja tereta, promjena njihanja u vremenu) na osnovi pravila fuzzy logike prikazan je utjecaj na izlazni parametar brzinu (elektromotora, koji pokrece dizalicu u uzdužnom gibanju).

Teorija fuzzy logike se koristi u brojnim primjenama koje se odnose na tehničke sustave, ali i u drugim područjima istraživanja. Metode fuzzy logike predstavljaju novi pristup problemima upravljanja složenim sustavima, koje je vrlo teško opisati određenim matematičkim modelom, te kod sustava s većim brojem ulaza i izlaza kod kojih dolazi do nejasnih međudjelovanja. U radu je dan primjer koji koristi fuzzy logiku da bi se smanjilo njihanje tereta obješenog na kran dizalice. Za ulazne parametre (brzina dizalice u uzdužnom gibanju, kut njihanja tereta, promjena njihanja u vremenu) na osnovi pravila fuzzy logike prikazan je utjecaj na izlazni parametar brzinu (elektromotora, koji pokreće dizalicu u uzdužnom gibanju).

This work presents a feasibility study of applying the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to data obtained by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) with the aim of determining correlation between different samples. The samples were antique bronze coins coated in silver (follis) dated in the Roman Empire period and were made during different rulers in different mints. While raw LIBS data revealed that in the period from the year 286 to 383CE content of silver was constantly decreasing, the PCA showed that the samples can be somewhat grouped together based on their place of origin, which could be a useful hint when analysing unknown samples. It was also found that PCA can help in discriminating spectra corresponding to ablation from the surface and from the bulk. Furthermore, Partial Least Squares method (PLS) was used to obtain, based on a set of samples with known composition, an estimation of relative copper concentration in studied ancient coins. This analysis showed that copper concentration in surface layers ranged from 83% to 90%.

Different spectroscopic techniques, in combination with suitable statistical methods of multivariate analysis, can be applied in explorations investigation in various fields, including industry, environment, agriculture, medicine and cultural heritage, for example. For well-known reasons, in analyses of cultural heritage artifacts only full or nearly non-destructive experimental methods must be used. In this paper, we have chosen the ancient metal coin, found on the territory of the present Republic of Croatia and made during the reign of little known Illyrian king Ballaios. To evaluate its value and other characteristics we have used x-ray fluorescence and micro-Raman spectroscopy as two non-destructive experimental techniques, as well as micro destructive method of laser ablation, called laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data, obtained using these methods, consist of several thousand variables, mostly auto correlated. For the qualitative and quantitative interpretation of such data we have applied two methods of multivariate analysis. The principal component analysis is used for reducing the dimensionality and interpretation or classification of data set, while the partial least square analysis is used to create a calibration model to be used for analyzing unknown samples.

Elastomerni materijali koriste se za proizvodnju dijelova konstrukcija i proizvoda u brodogradnji. Degradabilnost i trajnost elastomera su važna svojstva u primjeni u suvremenim tehnologijama i ukljucuju nekoliko tipova fizickih ili kemijskih procesa (kao npr.starenje i utjecaj vremenskih prilika), koji praceni strukturnim promjenama dovode do razaranja kvalitete polimernog materijala i konacno do potpunog gubitka funkcionalnosti materijala. Fizikalni procesi pri starenju polimera ocituju se u promjeni mikrostrukture materijala koja utjece negativno na mehanicka svojstva materijala. Pod mehanickim svojstvima podrazumijeva se ponasanje materijala pod utjecajem nekog oblika mehanickog naprezanja. U radu je provedena analiza uzoraka elastomera podvrgnutih razlicitom stupnju deformacije snimljenih pomocu transmisijskog svjetlosnog mikroskopa BIM 312 T u Centru za istraživanje metala, Metris u Puli.

Prirodni kaucuk je poznat kao važan industrijski materijal u pomorstvu koji se dobiva iz drva kaucukovca(Hevea brasiliensis). To je polimerni materijal koji se mora podvrgnuti procesu umrežavanja, kako bi se dobila željena uporabna svojstva materijala. Prirodni kaucuk umrežen gamma zracenjem odlikuje se odgovarajucom elasticnoscu i prekidnom cvrstocom.Morfologija povrsine uzoraka podvgnutih gamma zracenju ispituje se pomocu SEM i EDX analize.

An innovative concept is suggested for ship ballast water management using continuous flow-trough method in ships double bottom. The idea was to create a ship who will not carry ballast water containing invasive marine organisms from one destination to another but who will navigate through it keeping the necessary hydrostatic characteristics using always local ambient water. Authors have suggested the solution which can obtain satisfactory results based on tree-dimensional CFD simulations.

Micro-Raman spectroscopy and X-ray emission spectroscopy induced using radioactive source have been applied to analyze two types of samples important for the history of Rijeka, Croatian port on the Adriatic Sea. In this paper we will present study of thirty-three original Hungarian postage stamps issued for Rijeka and overprinted with the word FIUME in 1918, after the World War I and the one-Lira banknotes (one original brown banknote and four trial prints: brown, blue, green and dark green) from Economy bank for Rijeka, Istria and Slovenian Littoral (1945–1947), the so-called Jugolire. This investigation was carried out to determine the differences between the original machine, original hand-made and fake overprints FIUME and to compare the pigments used on original banknote from circulation with the pigments on the trial prints.

The Tandem accelerator facility of the Ruđer Boskovic Institute is equipped with high resolution wavelength dispersive spectrometer system (WDS) used for chemical state analysis by PIXE method. In our recently performed analysis of vanadium and titanium samples, the most important conclusions are derived from relative intensities and energies of the Kβ 5 and Kβ '' X-ray lines extracted from fitted Kβ spectra [1]. In some cases results of analysis are very sensitive on the fitting procedures, especially on how they handle absorption K edge feature. In this work we report the influence of fit models on analysis of spectra and final interpretation of chemical states.

Ispitali smo i usporedili sastav nekoliko numizmatickih i nekoliko filatelistickih primjeraka iz privatne zbirke jednog od autora (J. D.). U analizi svih uzoraka koristili smo Raman mikroskopiju s laserskim snopom iz podrucja vidljive svjetlosti i spektroskopiju karakteristicnih x-zraka induciranih radioaktivnim izvorom. Analizirani su sljedeci uzorci: 1. Tri metalna novcica, koja potjecu iz iste kovnice u Sisku (Siscia), iz istog perioda Rimskog Carstva, ukazuju na bitno razlicit elementni sastav. 2. Od cetiri odabrana srednjevjekovna srebrna novcica tri potjecu iz Aquileie, iz perioda između 1395. i 1420. godine i pokazuju gotovo identican sastav, dok je cetvrti „ matapan“ unikatan, potjece s podrucja Srbije i po sastavu se znatno razlikuje od preostala tri srebrenjaka. Produkte korozije na svakom od uzoraka identificirali smo mikro-Raman spektroskopijom. 3. Uspoređen je sastav deset postanskih maraka koje su tiskane u drugoj polovici 19. stoljeca u nekoliko tadasnjh europskih država.

The object of our present investigation is a group of several ancient and medieval metal coins as well as a group of several European stamps from second part of XIX century. In the analyses of chosen samples, we have used micro-Raman spectroscopy with a visible laser beam and X-ray emission spectroscopy induced by radioactive source.

K beta x-ray spectra of metallic vanadium and its compounds (V2O3, VO2, V2O5, VC, VN, VCl2, NH4VO3, and VOSO(4)x5H(2)O) induced in thick targets by 3 MeV proton beams were measured by using wavelength dispersive (WD) x-ray spectrometer. In addition to the main K beta(1,3) x-ray line, "satellites" or second order contributions like K beta('), K beta('), K beta('), and K beta(2,5) were clearly resolved. Intensities and positions of these lines relative to the K beta(1,3) x-ray line have been extracted by fitting the spectra and corrected for x-ray sample self-absorption. The influence of the oxidation states and vanadium-ligand bond distances in studied compounds on relative intensities and positions of K beta('), K beta(2,5), and (K beta(')+K beta(2,5)) x-ray lines (relative to K beta(1,3)+K beta(')) has been studied and discussed. The obtained results indicate that the strength of the K beta(') and K beta(2,5) transition probability per vanadium-ligand pair decreases exponentially with increasing vanadium-ligand distance, in agreement with the observation reported by Bergman for K beta(') relative intensity in a number of Mn oxide compounds [U. Bergmann, C. R. Horne, T. J. Collins, J. M. Workman, and S. P. Cramer, Chem. Phys. Letters 302, 119 (1999)].