Nowadays, the bacterial drug resistance leads to serious healthy problem worldwide due to the long-term use and the abuse of traditional antibiotics result in drug resistance of bacteria. Finding a new antibiotic is becoming more and more difficult. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the host defense peptides with most of them being the cationic (positively charged) and amphiphilic (hydrophilic and hydrophobic) α-helical peptide molecules. The membrane permeability is mostly recognized as the well-accepted mechanism to describe the action of cationic AMPs. These cationic AMPs can bind and interact with the negatively charged bacterial cell membranes, leading to the change of the electrochemical potential on bacterial cell membranes, inducing cell membrane damage and the permeation of larger molecules such as proteins, destroying cell morphology and membranes and eventually resulting in cell death. These AMPs have been demonstrated to have their own advantages over the traditional antibiotics with a broad-spectrum of antimicrobial activities including anti-bacteria, anti-fungi, anti-viruses, and anti-cancers, and even overcome bacterial drug-resistance. The natural AMPs exist in a variety of organisms and are not stable with a short half-life, more or less toxic side effects, and particularly may have severe hemolytic activity. To open the clinical applications, it is necessary and important to develop the synthetic and long-lasting AMP analogs that overcome the disadvantages of their natural peptides and the potential problems for the drug candidates.

Nowadays, most of current digital data are mainly stored on magnetic and optical media. At the explosive era of digital data, the digital data are generated every day and increased at an exponential rate. These traditional media cannot meet the urgent requirement of big digital data storage. With such advantages as high density, high replication efficiency, long-term durability and long-term stability, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is expected as a novel and potential data storage medium. For the new DNA data storage, the files or any data readable will be converted to binary and then encoded to DNA sequences consisting of Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), and Thymine (T). The data-carrying DNA sequences will be synthesized and stored until data retrieval one day. Once data retrieval, the unique data-carrying DNA fragments will be amplified, sequenced and analyzed. The DNA-based data information will then be decoded into binary and eventually converted to the information readable. Currently, the application of DNA data storage is limited due to such disadvantages as high cost, time-consuming, lack of random access ability. We still need to face serial tough challenges. However, the seen advances in DNA sequencing technology positively shine the future of DNA digital data storage.