Hematoporphyrin, a photosensitizer, has substantial potential for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the strong hydrophobic interactions between hematoporphyrin molecules cause them to easily aggregate, leading to poor solubility in water and suppression of active photoreactive sites. To address these challenges, a biomimetic synthesis strategy was employed to organically integrate ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles with hematoporphyrin, resulting in the construction of highly hydrophilic and efficient Fe3O4/Haematoporphyrin@BSA (BMH) nanoparticles. This delivery system effectively improved the solubility, bioavailability, and PDT efficiency of hematoporphyrin. Compared with free hematoporphyrin, the BMH nanoparticles exhibited a smaller average hydrated particle size with excellent dispersion in the PBS solution. Additionally, BMH nanoparticles demonstrated efficient cellular uptake by CAL27 tumor cells in a shorter time frame. PDT experiments on CAL27 tumor cells revealed that under the same light exposure, the BMH nanoparticles resulted in a 58% increase in ROS generation, leading to a 57% increase in cell death compared to the hematoporphyrin group. Notably, the electron spin resonance spectrometer (ESR) results and structural analysis of the protein cages suggested that the organic integration of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with hematoporphyrin enhanced electron transfer and increased free radical production, thereby improving overall PDT efficiency. This study demonstrated that highly biocompatible BMH protein-cage nanoparticles significantly enhanced the therapeutic potential of hematoporphyrin for PDT in OSCC.

ObjectiveThe margin status of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients is considered to be predictive of recurrence and long-term survival. Therefore, precise intraoperative margin assessment is crucial. This study investigated the feasibility of using near-infrared fluorescence imaging technology to guide margin design in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.MethodsIn this retrospective study, indocyanine green solution was intravenously injected preoperatively into patients. Intraoperatively, the surgical area was illuminated using a near-infrared fluorescence imaging system, which caused the lesion to fluoresce in the surgical area. Surgery was performed with the assistance of fluorescence imaging. The fluorescence intensity of the lesion area and surrounding normal tissue was recorded during surgery. Intraoperative margins were sent for rapid pathology, and postoperative margin pathology results were documented.ResultsSixteen patients were included in this study (7 males, 9 females), with an average age of 65.65 ± 12.37 years. Preoperative biopsy and postoperative pathology confirmed oral squamous cell carcinoma in all patients. No cancer cells were found in the margin pathology results. The average fluorescence intensity of the lesion area was 214 ± 4.70, and that of the surrounding normal tissue was 104.63 ± 3.14. There was no significant difference in the fluorescence intensity values of the lesion areas among all patients (F=0.38, P>0.05). There was a significant difference in fluorescence intensity between the lesion area and surrounding normal tissue (t=33.76, P<0.05).ConclusionNear-infrared fluorescence imaging technology can aid in real-time imaging differentiation of lesion areas based on differences in fluorescence intensity during surgery. The use of this technology can assist surgeons in assessing the safety margin and reliably guide surgery.

Objectives: In the field of computer-assisted surgery, 3D printing technology and computer-aided navigation (CAN) technology have led to advances in craniofacial surgery. However, the application of these two techniques in maxillofacial fractures is mostly limited to unilateral zygomatic bone and zygomatic arch fractures, and few studies have investigated their use for multiple maxillofacial fractures. This study summarizes the combined application of 3D printing technology and CAN for complex maxillofacial fractures to guide clinical practice. Materials and methods: Twenty-six patients with multiple maxillofacial fractures from 09/2017 to 03/2021 were retrospectively studied and divided according to surgical method into an experimental group (navigation-aided surgery combined with a 3D-printed guide) and a control group (navigation-aided surgery only). The surgical time was compared between the groups, and posttreatment computed tomography and follow-up visits were conducted at 1 week and 3 months, respectively, to compare the quality of treatment in terms of infection, occlusal disorder, restricted mouth opening, midline displacement, and bilateral asymmetry. Results: According to our results, the combined use of CAN and 3D printing significantly improved the treatment results of double-sided maxillofacial fractures (rs = 0.448, P < 0.05). The surgical time of the experimental group was significantly shorter than that of the control group (Z = -2.083, P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study broadens our understanding of the treatment of multiple maxillofacial fractures. The combined use of 3D printing technology and CAN effectively shortened the operation time and achieved a better therapeutic effect. (c) 2023 Asian Surgical Association and Taiwan Robotic Surgery Association. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Background: Ambulatory surgery and single-visit surgery are becoming increasingly accepted and practiced. Materials and methods: The clinical data of patients undergoing ambulatory surgery were collected, and infor-mation on their chief complaint and basic information was specifically included. Follow-up phone calls were conducted 1 and 3 days, 1 and 2 weeks, and 1 month after treatment. Information on their recovery and well-being was collected. Results: A total of 427 patients (males: 224, females: 203, average age: 23.07 +/- 11 years) were recruited for this study. A total of 43.55% of the patients chose ambulatory surgery. A total of 62.9% of them selected it for convenience, while 43.55% selected it for pain reduction. The top three diseases treated by ambulatory sur-gery were impacted teeth (56.7%), jaw cyst (14.75%) and supernumerary teeth (10.07%). Postoperative com-plications occurred in 248 of the 427 patients, with an incidence rate of 58.08%. The complication that occurred most frequently was postoperative pain (56.44%). Complications frequently occurred on Day 3 after the operation and resolved after 2 weeks. Conclusion: After being diagnosed, ambulatory surgery is an effective mode of treatment for oral and maxillo-facial diseases. Oral hygiene, professional postoperative follow-up visits and rigorous anesthesia evaluation are very important for ambulatory surgery for oral and maxillofacial diseases.(c) 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy originating from oral mucosal tissue. OSCC cells employ immune evasion strategies to avoid immune attacks, but research on inhibiting immune evasion and delaying OSCC progression is limited. This study aimed to investigate how SLC3A2 downregulation mediates immune evasion and promotes metastasis in OSCC through bioinformatics analysis and cell experiments. Gene enrichment analysis was performed using human double sulphur death-related genes from the GSEA database. Differentially expressed genes were selected from the GEO database. Diagnostic models were constructed and validated using gene expression datasets. Immune infiltration and function were analysed through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Cell experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of SLC3A2 on immune response in OSCC. Ten double sulphur death-related genes were identified, with SLC3A2 and SLC7A11 being enriched in tongue squamous cell carcinoma-related diseases. Differential expression analysis revealed five genes (SLC3A2, SLC7A11, RPN1, GYS1 and NDUFS1) of diagnostic significance. GO analysis showed enrichment in amino acid import and transmembrane transport, while KEGG pathway analysis highlighted enrichment in ferroptosis, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and Starch and sucrose metabolism. Experimental verification confirmed higher SLC3A2 expression in OSCC cells. Overexpression of SLC3A2 inhibited cell proliferation and reduced PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression. Reduced SLC3A2 expression in OSCC promotes immune evasion and tumour progression by impairing T lymphocyte function. This study provides insights into targeted regulation of SLC3A2 expression for immune response-based therapies in OSCC.

Cryogenic printing has been increasingly used in printing natural and synthetic biopolymer scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. It has revolutionary contribution in structural and compositional optimization of scaffolds, which better mimics those of native bone extracellular matrix (ECM). In recent years, there has been tremendous advancement in cryogenic printing, and corresponding improvements in bone tissue engineering results. However, there lacks a detailed, comprehensive and systematic review on this topic. The processing-structure-property relationship involved in the cryogenic printing has not been sufficiently discussed nor adequately correlated to biological results. In this review, the roles of cryogenic printing in enhancing structural control of printing, adding desired surface microporosity, enabling inclusion and sustained release of growth factors were elaborated. Changes in the structural and compositional properties were correlated to enhanced cell activities and tissue regeneration results, and the associated mechanisms were illustrated. Its application and contribution in bioprinting (cell-laden printing) were discussed as well. Future research perspectives on its development were also provided. We believe this review work will broaden our understanding towards the use of this novel fabrication techniques for tissue engineering and other broader applications.Funding Information: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Declaration of Interests: None.

Objective: To explore the effects of comprehensive nursing on the appearance and recovery of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Methods: From April 2017 to April 2019, 84 OSCC patients who underwent surgery in our hospital were recruited as the research cohort. According to the different nursing methods each patient received, 44 patients were included in the observation group (OG) and underwent postoperative comprehensive nursing, and the remaining 40 patients were included in the control group (CG) and underwent routine nursing. Before and after the nursing, the patients' facial appearance satisfaction, their SAS scores, their SDS scores, and their oral function were compared between the two groups. The two groups' recovery effects and quality of life were also compared. We also compared the two groups' nursing satisfaction. Results: After the nursing, the patients' satisfaction with their facial appearance in the OG was significantly higher than it was in the CG (P<0.001), the SAS and SDS scores in the OG were significantly lower than they were in the CG (P<0.001), the oral function, recovery effect, and quality of life in the OG were significantly better than they were in the CG (P<0.001), and the nursing satisfaction in the OG was significantly higher than it was in the CG (P<0.05). Conclusion: Comprehensive nursing can effectively improve the postoperative facial appearance and oral function and can accelerate the recovery effect in OSCC patients, so it is worthy of clinical application.

The Editors of JBUON issue an Expression of Concern to ' Kutkoside-an iridoid glycoside, exerts anti-proliferative effects in drug-resistant human oral carcinoma cells by targeting PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, inducing apoptosis and suppressing cell migration and invasion', by Jun-Chi Hou, Xiao-Nan Xu, JBUON 2020;25(1):338-343; PMID: 32277652. Following the publication of the above article, readers drew to our attention that part of the data was possibly unreliable. We sent emails to the authors with a request to provide the raw data to prove the originality, but received no reply. Therefore, as we continue to work through the issues raised, we advise readers to interpret the information presented in the article with due caution. We thank the readers for bringing this matter to our attention. We apologize for any inconvenience it may cause.

To determine the role of the circ_0008450/miR-1294 molecular axis in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells, the expression levels of circ_0008450 and miR-1294 in OSCC and neighboring non-cancerous tissues were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Human OSCC HSC3 cells were transfected with negative control (NC) small interfering (Si) RNA (Si-NC), Si-circ_0008450, micro RNA (miR)-NC, miR-1294 mimics, anti-miR-1294, anti-Si-circ_0008450, or anti-miR-NC. The activity of HSC3 cells was detected with the CCK-8 assay. The transwell assay was used to assess the invasion and migration of HSC3 cells. The targeted relationship between miR-1294 and CIRc_0008450 was detected with the dualluciferase report assay. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and Ki-67 (also known as MKI67). As compared to neighboring non-cancerous tissues, the expression levels of circ_0008450 in OSCC tissues were significantly increased ( P < 0.05), while miR-1294 levels were significantly decreased ( P < 0.05). As compared to the Si-NC group, cell activity was significantly decreased ( P < 0.05), the numbers of migrating and invading cells were significantly decreased ( P < 0.05), and the protein levels of Ki-67, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were significantly decreased ( P < 0.05) in the Si-circ_0008450 group. The results of the double luciferase assay confirmed targeted binding of circ_0008450 to miR-1294. As compared to the miR-NC group, cell activity was significantly decreased ( P < 0.05) in the miR-1294 group, as were the numbers of migrating and invading cells ( P < 0.05), and the protein levels of Ki-67, MMP-2, and MMP-9 ( P < 0.05). As compared to the Si-circ_0008450+anti-miR-NC group, cell activity was significantly increased ( P < 0.05) in the Si-circ_0008450+anti-miR-1294 group, as were the numbers of migrating and invading cells ( P < 0.05), and the protein levels ( P < 0.05) of Ki-67, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Interference with circ_0008450 reduced the invasion, migration, and proliferation of OSCC cells on account of upregulation via binding with miR-1294.

Early detection and diagnosis are the key to successful clinical management of pancreatic cancer and improve the patient outcome. However, due to the absence of early symptoms and the aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer, its 5-year survival rate remains below 5 %. Compared to tissue samples, liquid biopsies are of particular interest in clinical settings with respect to minimal invasiveness, repeated sampling, complete representation of the entire or multi-site tumor bulks. The potential of liquid biopsies in pancreatic cancer has been demonstrated by many studies which prove that liquid biopsies are able to detect early emergency of pancreatic cancer cells, residual disease, and recurrence. More interestingly, they show potential to delineate the heterogeneity, spatial and temporal, of pancreatic cancer. However, the performance of liquid biopsies for the diagnosis varies largely across different studies depending of the technique employed and also the type and stage of the tumor. One approach to improve the detect performance of liquid biopsies is to intensively inspect circulome and to define integrated biomarkers which simultaneously profile circulating tumor cells and DNA, extracellular vesicles, and circulating DNA, or cell free DNA and proteins. Moreover, the diagnostic validity and accuracy of liquid biopsies still need to be comprehensively demonstrated and validated.

PURPOSE:Oral cancer is the 6th most prevalent type of cancer and is responsible for high human morbidity and mortality. The present study was designed to investigate the anticancer effects of Voacangine against human oral cancer and to decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for its anticancer properties.METHODS:CCC-1 oral cancer cell line and normal hTRET-OME cell line were used in this study. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Acridine orange (AO)/ ethidium bromide (EB) and annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assay were used for assessment of apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) determination was done by flow cytometry. The protein expression was determined by western blot analysis.RESULTS:The results showed that Voacangine caused a remarkable decline in proliferation of SCC-1 human oral cancer cells with negligible toxic effects on the normal human hTRET-OME cells. The IC50 of Voacangine was 9 µM against SCC-1 cells relative to IC50 of 100 µM against normal hTRET-OME cells. The reduction of the proliferative rates was attributed to the induction of ROS triggered apoptosis which was associated with activation of Caspase-3, upregulation of Bax and suppression of Bcl-2. Voacangine induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the anticancer effects of Voacangine on oral cancer cells were exerted through the inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling cascade.CONCLUSION:Taken all together, we conclude that Voacangine is a potent anticancer molecule and may be utilized for the development of systemic therapy for oral cancer.

Purpose: We investigated the promoting effect of concentrated growth factor (CGF) fibrin on the repair of jaw bone defects. Patients and Methods: We designed a clinical trial composed of patients with jaw defects. Forty patients were divided into the test and control groups. CGF fibrin combined with Bio-Oss bone powder (Giestlich Pharma, Wolhusen, Switzerland) was used in the test group. Bio-Oss bone powder alone was used in the control group. The concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-)beta in the red blood cell (RBC) layer and CGF gel was measured. At different time points before and after surgery, the serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin, and bone mineral density levels were measured. Regular examinations and computed tomography scans were also performed in the follow-up period. Results: The CGF fibrin available for clinical use was obtained by centrifugation. One day after preparation by centrifugation, the VEGF and TGF-beta concentration in the CGF gel was 2.57-fold and 3.4-fold greater than the concentration in the RBC layer, respectively. The BAP and osteocalcin levels increased at 1 and 12 weeks postoperatively in both groups. Furthermore, the BAP and osteocalcin levels in the test group were significantly greater than those in the control group at 1 and 12 weeks postoperatively (P < .05 for all). The bone mineral density in the bone defect area of the test group was also significantly greater than that of the control group at 6 months postoperatively (P < .05). Evaluation of the regular radiographic scans revealed that the effects in the test group were better than those in the control group. Conclusions: CGF fibrin could promote new bone formation in jaw defects, with benefit to the healing of bone tissue and, thus, is a promising bone repair material. (C) 2020 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

Introduction: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Due to a lack of reliable markers, HNSCC patients are usually diagnosed at a late stage, which will lead to a worse outcome. Therefore, it is critical to improve the clinical management of cancer patients. Nowadays, the development of liquid biopsy enables a minimally invasive manner to extract molecular information from HNSCCs. Thus, this review aims to outline the clinical value of liquid biopsy in early detection, real-time monitoring, and prognostic evaluation of HNSCC. Areas covered: This comprehensive review focused on the characteristics as well as clinical applications of three liquid biopsy markers (CTCs, ctDNA, and exosomes) in HNSCC. What is more, it is promising to incorporate machine learning and 3D organoid models in the liquid biopsy of HNSCC. Expert opinion: Liquid biopsy provides a noninvasive technique to reflect the inter and intra-lesional heterogeneity through the detection of tumor cells or materials released from the primary and secondary tumors. Recently, some evolving technologies have the potential to combine with liquid biopsy to improve clinical management of HNSCC patients.

Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) is a protein kinase C substrate functioning in different physiological and pathological mechanisms. Previous studies have suggested that MARCKS is capable of influencing tumorigenesis and progression. However, a limited number of studies are available regarding the role of MARCKS in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The present study primarily examined MARCKS expression in the OSCC tissues. Furthermore, increased expression of MARCKS was confirmed in the majority of OSCC tissues. Increased MARCKS expression was correlated with more advanced tumor stages, lymphatic metastasis and a poorer overall patient survival. Further molecular mechanistic examinations revealed that downregulated MARCKS expression inhibited the proliferation and migration of OSCC cells in vitro through interruption of MARCKS expression. In addition, the present study demonstrated that MARCKS aggravated OSCC progression via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway. Accordingly, the present study considered MARCKS to be a promoter of OSCC tumorigenesis and progression, with the potential utility as a biomarker of a poor prognosis.

Biocomposite scaffolds were fabricated by incorporation of nanobredigite (n-BD) into the polymer of poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethyleneglycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL-PEG-PCL). The results revealed that the addition of n-BD into PCL-PEG-PCL significantly improved water absorption, compressive strength, and degradability of the scaffolds of n-BD/PCL-PEG-PCL composite (n-BPC) compared with PCL-PEG-PCL scaffolds alone. In addition, the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of MG63 cells cultured on n-BPC scaffolds were obviously higher than that cultured on PCL-PEG-PCL scaffolds. Moreover, the results of the histological evaluation from the animal model revealed that the n-BPC scaffolds significantly improved new bone formation compared with the PCL-PEG-PCL scaffolds, indicating good osteogenesis. The n-BPC scaffolds with good biocompatibility could stimulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and bone tissue regeneration and would be an excellent candidate for bone defect repair.

textabstractNSCLC is a highly heterogeneous malignancy with a poor prognosis. Treatment for NSCLC is currently based on a combination of pathological staging and histological classification. Recently, gene expression-based NSCLC profiling is proven a superior approach to stratify cancer cases with different prognosis and to sub-classify patients in respect of response to chemotherapy. The goal of the work described in this thesis is to explore the possible application of expression profiling in oncological practice.