超长链脂肪酸延伸酶6（elongase of very long chain fatty acids 6,ELOVL6）是长链脂肪酸延长反应的限速酶。本研究旨在通过对奶山羊（Capra hircus）ELOVL6基因的克隆、组织表达分析以及腺病毒（Adenovirus）介导的超表达技术,研究该基因超表达后对乳腺上皮细胞中脂肪酸代谢相关基因的影响。利用RT-PCR技术克隆了奶山羊ELOVL6基因的CDS区;利用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）检测该基因在泌乳期奶山羊10个组织中的相对表达量;构建该基因的重组腺病毒超表达载体,包装出高滴度的腺病毒并感染奶山羊原代乳腺上皮细胞,qRT-PCR检测ELOVL6超表达效果及其对脂肪酸代谢相关基因的影响。结果表明,ELOVL6基因CDS区序列长度为795 bp（GenBank登录号:KF667508）,共编码264个氨基酸。同源分析发现,奶山羊ELOVL6基因CDS区核酸序列与牛（Bos taurus）、大鼠（Rattus norvegicus）和人（Homo sapiens）的同源性分别为97%、90%和93%,氨基酸序列同源性分别为99%、92%、95%。利用TMpred对ELOVL6蛋白跨膜结构预测分析,发现该蛋白有5个跨膜区,保守的组氨酸模体（HXXHH）位于ELOVL6蛋白的第二与第三跨膜螺旋间。ELOVL6蛋白质疏水性预测显示,该蛋白总体具有较强的疏水性。组织表达分析显示,ELOVL6基因在脂肪组织中表达量最高（P＜0.01）,小肠次之（P＜0.01）,心脏中表达量最低。超表达ELOVL6基因的重组腺病毒的滴度为108U/mL,病毒液感染原代乳腺上皮细胞48 h后,ELOVL6基因的表达量上升约200倍;脂肪酸代谢相关基因检测分析发现,固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1基因（SREBP-1）的表达量显著下降（P＜0.05）,脂肪分化相关蛋白基因（ADRP）的表达量显著升高（P＜0.05）,过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ基因（PPARγ）及脂肪酸转位酶基因（CD36）的表达量无明显变化。研究结果表明,ELOVL6基因可以影响奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞脂肪酸代谢相关基因的表达,对乳腺脂肪酸代谢具有一定的调控作用。本研究为ELOVL6基因在奶山羊乳腺脂肪酸代谢调控中的功能研究提供研究依据。

To select the appropriate energy and protein levels in the diets for lactating goat,the test was designed according to a completely randomized block design with two treatments in two block,sixty lactating goats[(60.00±7.88)kg body weight]were randomly divided into four groups.Two energy levels(12.36 MJ/kg and 12.92 MJ/kg DM) and two protein levels(13.25% and 15.80%) were used in the diets for the goats.The effects of different energy and protein levels in the diets on the amount of lactation,milk composition and plasma biochemical indices were studied.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the milk yield among each treatment(P0.05).The milk yield of the goats in each group began the downward trend from the milk production peak.The smallest decrease in the amount of lactation was found when the energy level in the diets was 12.92 MJ/kg with protein level of 13.25%,it was conducive to maintaining the milk yield.With different energy and protein levels in the diets,there were no remarkable differences in solids non-fat,lactose,density,freezing point depression and acidity between each groups(P0.05).But with the energy level of 12.92 MJ/kg and protein level of 13.25%,the contents of butterfat,milk protein and total solids of the group were lower than that of the other treatments,especially the content of the butterfat was significantly decreased(P0.05).The contents of glucose,triglyceride and choslesterol in the plasma from the two groups with high energy level of 12.92 MJ/kg were higher than those of the other two groups with low energy level 12.36 MJ/kg(P0.05).There was no significant difference between the two protein levels(P0.05).

Under hydroponic condition,the effects of P deficiency stress on reproductive growth and some physiological characteristics of Phaseolus coccineus L.seedlings were investigated.The results indicated that under P deficiency,the P contents in roots,stems leaves and whole plants were decreased,and the flowering stage and maturity stage were delayed,as compared to those under adequate P;the area of the 1st,2nd and 3rd leaf of the seedlings under P deficiency was reduced by 21.38%,19.24% and 26.76% respectively;the biomass of plants was reduced,but the root/shoot ratio was significantly increased by 50%;the root vigor and the activity of nitrate reductase were reduced,the activity of APase in roots and leaves was increased significantly,but the membrane permeability was not affected by P deficiency.It was concluded that the physiological mechanism of tolerance to poor soil fertility of Phaseolus coccineus L.was mostly due to the improvement of roots so as to maintain the membrane permeability and to raise the activity of APase.

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ(PPARγ) plays an important role in the metabolism process of fat and glucose. In order to explore the function of PPARγ gene during lacation in dairy goat(Cap ra hircus),the experiments were designed to clone the whole cDNA of PPARγ gene by RT-PCR and RACE from Xinong Saanen dairy goat mammary gland,to analyze its expression in ten tissues and mammary tissue in different lactation periods and to detect the expressions of fatty acid metabolism related genes in mammary epithelial cell treated with rosiglitazone(ROSI) by qRT-PCR. The whole cDNA sequence of PPARγ gene was isolated from the dairy goat(GenBank accession NO.HQ589347). Homology alignments revealed that PPARγgene was conservative among the mammalian. Structure prediction showed that there were two zinc finger structures and a ligand binding domain in the dairy goat PPARγ protein. Tissue spectral analysis showed that PPARγ gene had the most abundant expression in adipose tissue,followed by the rumen and the minimal expression was detected in muscle. Expression analysis in the two different lactation periods of mammary tissue revealed that the PPARγ mRNA level during lactation peak was about twice than that of dry period. After treatment with rosiglitazone,a specific agonist,in goat mammary epithelial cells,some fatty acid related genes such as LPL(lipoprotein lipase),FABP3(fatty acid binding protein),ADRP(adipose differentiation related protein) and TIP47(tail-interacting protein 47) were up-regulated significantly. These results indicate that the PPARγ gene may play an important role in fatty acid metabolism during the dairy goat lactation process,and provide the basic data for further research in regulating milk fat,improving the quality of milk and developing mammary gland bioreactor in the individual level.

The objective of this study was to analyze the structure and function of fatty acid synthase gene(FASN)promoter of goat,to further reveal the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of FASN gene.In this study,the promoter of goat FASN gene was obtained by PCR.Seven promoter fragments in different length were obtained by deletion and cloned into luciferase reporter gene expression vectors.Then,the vectors were transfected into goat mammary epithelial cells and MCF-7 cells,their expression activity were determined by using the dual-luciferase reporter assay system.The promoter sequence of 2 589 bp of FASN gene was obtained.The bioinformatics analysis for sequence showed that there were a TATA-box at-41 bp and an E-box at-74 bp of transcription initiation site(+1).Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that the core region of the promoter was from-293 bp to-79 bp conferring basal transcriptional activity.Meanwhile,some transcriptional factor binding sites including Sp1,NF-Y,USF and SREBP were identified in this core region.The results indicated that the transcriptional factors such as Sp1,NF-Y,USF and SREBP might be involved in the transcriptional regulation of FASN gene.

胰岛素诱导基因2（insulininducedgene2，INSIG2）是参与脂质形成和代谢调控的重要基因，而山羊乳腺中脂质合成和代谢与乳品质密切相关。为进一步明确它们之间的关系进而为改善山羊乳品风味提供科学支持。本实验以西农萨能羊（Coprahircus）乳腺组织为研究材料，采用RT．PCR技术克隆山羊INSIG2基因，并采用实时荧光定量（RT—qPCR）技术在山羊10个组织中对INSIG2基因进行了组织表达分析。研究获得了915bp的cDNA序YlJ（GenBank登录号：JQ361767），其中编码区678bp，该基因编码225个氨基酸，预测蛋白质分子量为24．8730kD，等电点（pI）为8．77。通过核苷酸和氨基酸序列比对分析发现，山羊的INSIG2与GenBank中牛（Bostaurus）的相似性最高。蛋白质结构分析显示，INSIG2存在6个跨膜螺旋；疏水性分析发现，其N端和C端均具有亲水性；遗传距离分析发现，山羊与牛的亲缘关系最近，其次是猪（Sus scrofa）。INSIG2基因的组织表达分析表明，INSIG2基因在10个被检测组织中均有表达，且肺组织中表达量最高，肌肉次之，乳腺组织的表达量居中，心脏组织中最低。研究结果为该基因在山羊乳腺组织中的功能研究提供依据。

The architecture design of high-speed acquisition database based on the SQL Sever technique,and application of the mass storage technique used in data analysis for liquid rocket engine are described.The database is helpful for the improvement of data management,data utilization and development of liquid rocket engine(LRE).The construction of the database meets the challenge of high-speed data acquisition,sorting storage and query for hot-firing test data.The mass storage technique can solve the high-speed memory problem of non-structural data.

47 kD尾部相互作用蛋白基因(tail-interacting protein 47,TIP47)是影响脂滴形成和代谢的重要基因.本实验以两农萨能羊(Capra hircus)的乳腺组织为研究材料,采用RT-PCR和RACE,克隆了山羊TIP47基因的cDNA全长序列.结果得到TIP47基因cDNA序列全长1 906 bp(GenBank收录号为:HQ846827),包括5＇UTR 82 bp,完整编码区1 314 bp及3＇UTR 510 bp,编码蛋白质的氨基酸数为437,分子量47.36 kD,等电点(pI) 5.14.对TIP47基因的核苷酸和氨基酸序列分析发现,山羊的TIP47与GenBank中牛(Bos taurus)、人(Homo sapiens)、小鼠(Mus musculus)和猪(Sus scrofa)的TIP47相似性较高.蛋白质结构分析显示,TIP47不存在信号肽序列和跨膜结构；疏水性分析发现,其N端疏水性较强,中间靠近C端部分亲水性较强；三级结构分析发现,其C端呈大写的L形；该基因的遗传距离分析发现,山羊与牛的亲缘关系最近,其次是猪和人.通过RT-qPCR技术对TIP47基因进行了组织表达分析,发现所检测的12个组织中均有TIP47 mRNA的表达,其中乳腺组织中表达最丰富,且远远高于其它组织,脾脏、肺脏次之,肌肉相对最少.研究结果提示,TIP47基因可能在乳腺组织中对脂滴的形成代谢过程有重要作用.

According to the highly conservative region of Ets-1 gene sequences from bovine(Bos taurus),human(Homo sapiens) and mouse(Mus musculus) in GenBank,the specific primers were designed to clone the cDNA region of Ets-1 gene in mammary gland of Xinong Saanen dairy goats using RT-PCR and RACE(rapid amplification cDNA ends) methods,the sequence analyses of nucleotide sequence,and the deduced amino acid sequence of Ets-1 gene were conducted.The results showed that the full length of Ets-1 gene was 2 263 bp(GenBank accession No.HQ589338),containing 331 bp of 5'UTR,606 bp of 3'UTR,and 1 326 bp of coding sequences(CDS),which encoded a protein of 441 amino acid residues.The nucleotide sequence alignment indicated that the similarities of coding region of goat Ets-1 were 98 %,94 %,92 % and 90 %;the similarities of 5'UTR were 98 %,85 %,82 % and 71 %;the similarities of 3'UTR were 96 %,83 %,81 % and 77 %,compared to those of bovine,porcine,human and rat,respectively.The AA sequence alignment indicated that the protein sequence of goat Ets-1 shared high similarities(more than 95 %)with bovine,porcine,human and rat,respectively.The protein molecular weight was 50 340.8 D and the isoelectric point was 5.08.The protein of Ets-1 had a helix-turn-helix structure.No transmembrane structure was speculated and no signal peptide was found in the entire sequence.Thus,it can be concluded that the full length cDNA of goat Ets-1 gene has been successively cloned.

甘油三酯水解酶(adipose triglyceride lipase,ATGL)是水解甘油三酯的关键酶.本研究采用RT-PCR和RACE技术,分离并克隆了西农萨能奶山羊(Capra hircus)ATGL基因的cDNA序列,其全长2 074 bp(GenBank收录号为:GQ918145),包括5'UTR 141 bp,CDS 1 461 bp,和3'UTR 472 bp,该基因编码486个氨基酸(GenBank收录号为:ADD25174).经氨基酸序列分析发现,山羊与GenBank中牛(Bos taurus)、大鼠(Rattus norvegicus)、小鼠(Mus musculus)、猪(Sus scrofa)和人(Homo sapiens)的ATGL的相似性较高,均在85%以上.经蛋白质结构分析表明,其蛋白质的分子量为53 243.4 D,等电点为7.4,具有GXSXG(氨基乙酸-X-丝氨酸-X-氨基乙酸)脂肪酶活性特征结构和Patatin结构域及α/β水解酶折叠域,在N端存在跨膜螺旋结构,并且整个序列中不含信号肽.此外,本研究还通过实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)技术对A TGL基因进行了组织表达分析.结果表明,在所检测的12个组织或器官中均有A TGL mRNA存在,其中皮下脂肪组织中表达最丰富,并且远远高于其它组织或器官,肺、乳腺次之,心脏相对最少.ATGL基因在奶山羊的乳腺组织中具有较高的表达水平,为该基因的功能研究提供了实验依据.

研究旨在通过构建西农萨能羊脂肪酸合酶(FAS)基因乙酰/丙二酸单酰基转移酶(MAT)区域的重组腺病毒载体,为下一步其在奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞中过表达,进一步研究MAT的功能和作用机制做准备.根据GeneBank收录的西农萨能羊MAT序列设计引物,PCR扩增并克隆测序.连接到穿梭载体pAdTrack/CMV上并线性化后,转化含有腺病毒骨架载体pAdEasy1的E.Coli Bj5183感受态细胞进行同源重组,并用Pac Ⅰ酶切鉴定.提取质粒后转化E.coli Top10进行扩繁.将本次克隆的MAT序列与GeneBank收录的序列相比对,在601 bp处,碱基由G转变为A,导致氨基酸序列由从201转变为Thr201.经鉴定并测序分析,试验成功构建MAT基因的重组腺病毒表达载体,可用于下一步病毒包装.

The jet noise and specific sound field produced by a rocket engine on the ground test stand were measured,and the vibro-acoustic model was built based on statistical energy analysis to predict the noise environment of the rocket engine.During the test,the sound pressure levels around the engine nozzle and the payload cabin were measured.The result can support the noise spectrum prediction of the key rocket part.

Influence of low phosphorus stress on NO3--N content,NRA activity and protein content of roots and leaves in the three cowpea varieties was studied with the hydroponics experiment.The results showed that NO3--N content of root increased at first,then declined and NO3--N content of leaf declined under the low phosphorus stress conditions.At the same time,root soluble protein content of different varieties of cowpea was higher than the control level under the phosphorus stress,and declined with the stress time.In contrast,leaf soluble protein content was declined.Biomass accumulation in cowpea was seriously impacted in low-phosphorus stress conditions.Inhibition of root growth was smaller than shoot,and compared with the control,root top ratio increased under low phosphorus stress.NRA activity of roots and leaves in cowpea declined,and and that of the control increased.

通过农艺措施 5因素 5水平正交组合设计试验与单因素试验 ,研究了黄土旱原甜菜高产高糖综合栽培技术。结果表明 ,农艺措施各因素对甜菜块根产量的作用效果依次为播种期 ＞磷底肥 ＞氮底肥 ＞氮追肥 ＞密度。块根产量 4 5 t/ hm2 的优化方案为播期 4月 5日以前 ,密度 7万株 / hm2 ,底施纯磷 10 4 .8kg/ hm2 ,底施纯氮 135 .1kg/ hm2 ,追纯氮 138kg/ hm2 ;早播和增施磷肥、氮磷配合有利于提高甜菜产量和恢复甜菜后茬肥力 ;应用保全苗新技术 ,能克服保苗障碍因素 ,一保全苗 ;双丰 311和苏垦 8312多倍体杂交种是适宜西部推广应用的优良品种 ;甜菜生长后期打叶一般减产 8.9%～ 2 6 % ,降糖 0 .6～ 1.3度 ,是既减产又减糖的不良习惯 ,应坚决去掉

通过对渭北旱原花生定株进行开花与结实的观察研究,结果表明,渭北旱原春播花生开花的初花期为6月8日至6月30日,盛花期为7月1日至7月8日,末花期为7月9至7月27日,有效花的终止期为7月8日左右,全花期历时50d,单株平均开花量137.3朵.初花期是花生结实的主要时期,其结果数占总结果数的65.4%,其次是盛花期,其结果数占总结果数的34.6%,末花期开的花均为无效花,不能发育成有效果.

通过对旱地甜菜叶片生长特性及摘除不同叶组对块根产量、含糖量、显微结构的影响研究,结果表明:甜菜第10～20片叶的叶龄最长,积温最高,是甜菜的主要功能叶;甜菜从第20片叶期起进入块根、糖份增长期,从第55叶期起进入糖份积累期;摘除不同叶组的叶片对甜菜块根产量、含糖量及显微结构均有不同程度降低作用,摘除前期叶组对甜菜块根产量、产糖量、根径减幅较大,摘除后期叶组对块根含糖量、维管束环数、维管束环密度减幅较大;摘除第1～30片叶对甜菜影响最大.

对陕西省芝麻产业化存在的问题进行了调查研究,找出了制约芝麻产业化发展的主要问题:产量不稳,年季变幅较大,品种混杂退化严重,栽培技术落后,投入不足,管理粗放,连作普遍,病虫害严重,加工分散规模较小,并针对这些具体问题提出了促进芝麻产业化发展的对策.

对陕西省花生生产中存在的问题进行了调查研究,找出了制约花生生产的主要问题,是产量水平低而不稳,品种杂乱退化严重,栽培技术落后,管理粗放,购销体系混乱,加工滞后,并针对这些具体问题提出了发展对策.

Shaanzhi No.3, bred through a sexual cross with Jizhi No.1 as female parent and Zizhou sesame as male parent, was a new arid land sesame variety with characters of single-stemmed plant, three flowers in one leaf, white seedcoat and resistance to drought and diseases. Its growing period was about 95 days. Its yield was averagely 13.9% over CK. Based on the soil and climate conditions of Weibei arid land, a integrated cultivation technique for Shaanzhi No.3 was studied, seedling maintaining, optimizing density, fertilizing and top cutting etc were presented.

Shaanzhi No.3, breeded for arid land through sexual cross, is a new sesame variety with characters of single stemmed plant, white kernel, wide and dark green leaves, three flowers in one leaf, short intenode, thick pods and drought and disease resistance. Its growing period is about 95 days. There are 178 pods per plant on the average. It has outstanding output which is averagely 13.9% higher than that of check variety, and it takes 54.42% of oil content. It is a valuable sesame variety for arid land and can be planted in the Spring or Summer.