PURPOSE:To investigate the pace of visual acuity loss in myopic maculoschisis eyes with or without macular detachment and identify associated risk factors. METHODS:One thousand three hundred and thirty-four eyes of 991 patients with high myopia were reviewed. A new myopic traction maculopathy staging system classified four retinal stages and three foveal stages. To the myopic traction maculopathy eyes with normal fovea, maculoschisis with and without macular detachment was defined as Stage 3a and Stages 1a, 2a respectively. RESULTS:One hundred and ten (8.25%) eyes with maculoschisis were included, with a follow-up of 24.00 ± 17.47 months. Of them, 84 (76.36%) were Stages 1a, 2a, and 26 (23.64%) were Stage 3a. The visual acuity loss per year during the follow-up period was similar between eyes with Stages 1a, 2a and Stage 3a (3.13 ± 12.21 vs. 3.41 ± 18.42 letters, P = 0.930). Multivariate analyses revealed that vitreomacular interface factors were significantly associated with visual acuity loss during the follow-up, no matter in Stages 1a, 2a or Stage 3a ( P = 0.039 and P = 0.038, respectively). In the Stages 1a, 2a group, the percentage of eyes that lost at least 10 letters at the final visit compared with the baseline visual acuity was higher in eyes with vitreomacular interface factors than in those without vitreomacular interface factors (13 eyes, 50.00% vs. 14 eyes, 24.14%, P = 0.019). CONCLUSION:No differences were found in visual acuity loss pace between Stages 1a, 2a and Stage 3a. Surgical intervention or at least more intensive follow-up should be considered for Stages 1a, 2a eyes with vitreomacular interface factors, to promote a more favorable visual outcome.

The widely used bus one ticket system lacks off boarding information, and the passenger classification based on the dataset of one-ticket bus system needs to be refined to evaluate the classification effect. This study uses the large-scale bus ticket data with alighting information to compare and analyze the transit rider classification models with and without the alighting information to explore the impact of the missing alighting information on the fine classification of transit riders. The classification indexes and combined clustering method are adopted to refine the classification of bus passengers. A case study of Beijing conventional buses which contain boarding and alighting data of 28 consecutive days is presented and used to analyze the impact of bus alighting data and classification indexes on the transit rider classification results. The result indicates that both models successfully complete the fine classification of the riders and reflect the spatio-temporal characteristics of each type of riders. The model with alighting information is able to identify the distance-concerned type with few samples such as the long-distance transit riders accounting for 0.25%. The standard deviation of the average proportion of categories in the model without alighting information is much smaller than that in the model with alighting information. The results obtained from the model without alighting information are more balanced, and the regularity of various categories of passengers in multiple dimensions is significantly different, which can better reflect the macro characteristics of classification.

A refined classification method of transit riders under bus one-ticket system was proposed. Firstly, due to the characteristics of the bus one-ticket system, only boarding information is available. The characteristic indexes of the riders, namely, the travel intensity, temporal indicators, spatial indicators and peak-hour indicators, were selected as the indexes of the classification. The correlation analysis was employed to screen indicators. Then, Two-Step clustering was used to cluster transit riders into clear clusters and unclear clusters. Moreover, feature indicators were selected again for clear clusters and unclear clusters for secondary clustering to achieve the refined classification of passengers. A case study on the transit riders’ data of the one-ticket bus system in Guangzhou shows that the proposed method can effectively classify passengers, and the results of each class depict the travel characteristics of passengers in detail. The proposed classification method is effective and stable.

Purpose Genetic factors play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of pathological myopia (PM). However, the exact genetic mechanism of PM remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the candidate mutation of PM in a Chinese family and explore the potential mechanism. Methods We performed exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing in a Chinese family and 179 sporadic PM cases. The gene expression in human tissue was investigated by RT-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunofluorescence. Cell apoptotic rates were tested by annexin V-APC/7AAD and flow cytometry. Psmd3 knock-in mice with point mutation were generated for measuring myopia-related parameters. Results We screened a novel PSMD3 variant (c.689T>C; p.F230S) in a Chinese family with PM, and another rare mutation (c.1015C>A; p.L339M) was identified in 179 unrelated cases with PM. RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence confirmed the expression of PSMD3 in human eye tissue. Mutation of PSMD3 decreased the mRNA and protein expression, causing apoptosis of human retinal pigment epithelial cells. In in vivo experiments, the axial length (AL) of mutant mice increased significantly compared with that of wild-type mice (p<0.001). Conclusions A new potential pathogenic gene, PSMD3, in a PM family was identified, and it may be involved in the elongation of AL and the development of PM.

受仪器和观测条件限制,高光谱数据易受噪声污染,给数据解译带来挑战。针对传统稀疏解混模型抗噪性能差的问题,本文提出一种截断加权核范数稀疏解混方法,利用高光谱图像像元之间的相关性减轻噪声对丰度估计的干扰。该方法借助低秩表示在挖掘数据内在低维结构方面的优势,在稀疏解混中加入基于截断加权核范数的低秩约束,并结合加权稀疏技术,在稀疏正则项中引入空间邻域权重。截断加权核范数对丰度矩阵的奇异值向量分段处理,可以更好地实现丰度矩阵的低秩逼近,使丰度图像保持空间一致性并保留更多细节信息,空间加权策略则增强了丰度图像的空间连续性。模拟高光谱数据、Cuprite矿区真实数据和红树林高光谱数据实验表明,与其他先进的稀疏解混方法相比,所提方法具有更好的抗噪性,能够提高解混精度。

PURPOSE:To investigate the outcomes of macular buckling combined with vitrectomy and inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique for highly myopic full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) with macular retinoschisis.METHODS:Twenty-six eyes of 26 consecutive patients were retrospectively included. Twelve eyes underwent macular buckling alone (buckling group). Fourteen eyes underwent macular buckling and vitrectomy with an inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique (combination group). Patients were followed for at least 9 months. Rates of FTMH closure and macular retinoschisis resolution, best-corrected visual acuity gained at the final visit were evaluated.RESULTS:The mean follow-up time was 13.00 ± 3.16 months. FTMH closed in six eyes (50%) of the buckling group and 13 eyes (92.86%) of the combination group ( P = 0.026) at the final visit. The macular retinoschisis resolution rate was close between two groups (100% vs. 92.86%; P = 1.000). Both groups achieved significant improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (10.42 ± 17.25 and 16.36 ± 10.39 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters; P = 0.014 and P < 0.001). The combination group achieved slightly more best-corrected visual acuity improvement, but the difference fell short of significance ( P =0.312).CONCLUSION:Combination of macular buckling and vitrectomy with the inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique could achieve a high FTMH closure rate and significant best-corrected visual acuity improvement in FTMH with macular retinoschisis.

为了不计算路段阻抗而获取起点到终点的多条最优路径,提出一种基于路段间转移概率并通过路段转移采样来计算最优路径集的方法(最优路径集路段转移概率法):首先,通过分时段、分区域来获取路段间转移概率,采用时段划分将交通状态随时间变化的影响纳入考虑,利用交通小区代替给定起点和终点,避免了路网中起点与终点数量巨大、特定点对之间数据量不足的问题;然后,基于路段转移采样进行轨迹采样并获取最优路径集.该方法不需计算路段阻抗,对数据要求低,计算简便.案例分析表明:利用最优路径集路段转移概率法得到的计算路径与实际路径的涵盖程度高,区域划分大小对结果影响较小,时段划分可有效反应交通状况.

Most cancer-related deaths are a result of metastasis. The development of small molecular inhibitors reversing cancer metastasis represents a promising therapeutic opportunity for cancer patients. This pan-cancer analysis identifies oncogenic roles of membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol transfer protein 3 (PITPNM3), which is crucial for cancer metastasis. Small molecules targeting PITPNM3 must be explored further. Here, PITPNM3-selective small molecular inhibitors are reported. These compounds exhibit target-specific inhibition of PITPNM3 signaling, thereby reducing metastasis of breast cancer cells. Besides, by using nanoparticle-based delivery systems, these PITPNM3-selective compounds loaded nanoparticles significantly repress metastasis of breast cancer in mouse xenograft models and organoid models. Notably, the results establish an important metastatic-promoting role for PITPNM3 and offer PITPNM3 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in metastatic breast cancer.

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Progressive ischemia in the macula may play an important role in the development of myopic atrophic maculopathy. Active choroidal neovascularization may have manifested as compensation for the decrease in macular choroidal thickness and choriocapillaris flow. Purpose: To assess changes in myopic maculopathy based on the ATN classification system with optical coherence tomography angiography. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The macular choroidal thickness (MCT) and the choriocapillaris flow (CC) were measured with optical coherence tomography angiography. The relationship of MCT and CC with different chorioretinal atrophy (A), myopic foveoschisis (T), and myopic neovascularization (N) grades was investigated. Results: One hundred and fifty-three participates (219 eyes) were included. MCT and CC had no significant correlation with different T grades (P > 0.05). Choriocapillaris flow had a significant decrease in eyes with lacquer cracks compared with those with no neovascular maculopathy (P < 0.05) and showed a significant increase in active choroidal neovascularization compared with those with lacquer cracks (P < 0.05). Macular choroidal thickness and CC had negative correlations with different A grades (P < 0.001). MCT showed the greatest decrease in the early stage of myopic atrophic maculopathy (P < 0.001), and CC showed the most significant reduction in the late stage (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Choroidal changes in the highly myopic patients were detected by optical coherence tomography angiography. Progressive ischemia in the macula may play an important role in the development of myopic atrophic maculopathy. Active choroidal neovascularization may have manifested as compensation for the decrease in MCT and CC. On the contrary, myopic traction maculopathy had little correlation with choroidal changes.

PURPOSE:To compare the outcomes of macular buckling (MB) surgery between myopic foveal detachment (FD) eyes with and without ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption.METHODS:A retrospective, case-control study. Forty-four consecutive eyes from 44 patients received MB surgery for myopic FD between November 2017 and January 2019 were included. The eyes were divided into two groups according to the integrity of EZ on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT): 28 eyes with disrupted EZ band and 16 eyes with intact EZ band. Main outcome measures were visual acuity and the duration of subfoveal fluid (SFF) after MB.RESULTS:The mean follow-up time was 17.64 ± 6.61 and 16.06 ± 5.78 months in the disrupted EZ and intact EZ group, respectively (P = 0.430). The logMAR best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved significantly, from 1.13 ± 0.46 and 1.12 ± 0.39 at baseline to 0.85 ± 0.65 (P = 0.002) and 0.53 ± 0.33 (P = 0.000) for the disrupted EZ group and intact EZ group, respectively. The mean visual improvement was 15.00 ± 14.14 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters for the disrupted EZ group and 26.88 ± 19.48 ETDRS letters for the intact EZ group. Significant difference was found on both final postoperative BCVA (P = 0.035) and visual improvement (P = 0.025). At 6 months, SFF remained in 53.57% (15/28) of the eyes in the disrupted EZ group and in only 12.50% (2/16) of the eyes in the intact EZ group (P = 0.018).CONCLUSION:The intact EZ group showed better functional and anatomical outcomes than the disrupted EZ group after MB surgery.

Purpose: To assess changes in myopic maculopathy based on the ATN classification system with optical coherence tomography angiography. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The macular choroidal thickness (MCT) and the choriocapillaris flow (CC) were measured with optical coherence tomography angiography. The relationship of MCT and CC with different chorioretinal atrophy (A), myopic foveoschisis (T), and myopic neovascularization (N) grades was investigated. Results: One hundred and fifty-three participates (219 eyes) were included. MCT and CC had no significant correlation with different T grades (P > 0.05). Choriocapillaris flow had a significant decrease in eyes with lacquer cracks compared with those with no neovascular maculopathy (P < 0.05) and showed a significant increase in active choroidal neovascularization compared with those with lacquer cracks (P < 0.05). Macular choroidal thickness and CC had negative correlations with different A grades (P < 0.001). MCT showed the greatest decrease in the early stage of myopic atrophic maculopathy (P < 0.001), and CC showed the most significant reduction in the late stage (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Choroidal changes in the highly myopic patients were detected by optical coherence tomography angiography. Progressive ischemia in the macula may play an important role in the development of myopic atrophic maculopathy. Active choroidal neovascularization may have manifested as compensation for the decrease in MCT and CC. On the contrary, myopic traction maculopathy had little correlation with choroidal changes.

提出一种基于路段间转移概率的最优路径预测方法,即根据出行时间,将历史出行数据分为早高峰、晚高峰、非高峰3组反映不同交通状况的时间段;根据起点和终点所在区域,对出行数据作进一步处理,解决给定起点与终点之间出行数据不足的问题.基于有经验的出行者选择路径即为最优路径这一假设,通过历史出行轨迹计算得到路段间的转移概率,建立Markov链模拟出行者路段选择行为,将最大选择概率路径作为最优路径的预测结果,并给出其求解方法.该方法仅利用历史出行轨迹进行最优路径预测,避免了复杂的路段阻抗计算,且具有数据易获取,与实际出行行为一致性高,计算量小的优点.案例分析表明,预测结果准确性在不同出行时段下产生变化,而交通区域划分的大小对其影响较小.

Purposes: To investigate the patterns of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) in patients with different grades of myopic atrophy maculopathy (MAM). Methods: Patients with MAM who visited Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from January 2018 to December 2019 were screened. All patients received comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations as well as FAF imaging. The atrophic severity of each eye was identified based on the META-PM classification system, including no myopic retinal lesions (C0), tessellated fundus only (C1), diffuse chorioretinal atrophy (C2), patchy chorioretinal atrophy (C3), and macular atrophy (C4). Results: Eighty-nine consecutive patients with 137 affected eyes were included. Four different autofluorescence (AF) patterns were detected: unremarkable AF (48 eyes in C1 and 18 eyes in C2, 48.2%), compound AF (2 eyes in C1 and 12 eyes in C2, 10.2%), patchy AF defect (5 eyes in C2 and 34 eyes in C3, 28.5%), and macular AF defect (18 eyes in C4, 13.1%). Moreover, AF patterns were significantly correlated with age (r = 0.419, P < .001), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (r = 0.592, P < .001), axial length (AL) (r = 0.529, P < .001), and subfovial choroidal thickness (SFCT) (r = -0.728, P < .001). In addition, with the help of FAF, 14.3% (5/35) of eyes initially categorized as C2 merely based on color fundus photographs (CFP) should be categorized as C3. Conclusions: The severity of FAF in eyes with MAM was significantly correlated with myopic characteristics. FAF might be beneficial for detecting unremarkable patchy chorioretinal atrophy on CFP of MAM.

Objective: To observe the efficacy of macular buckling in the treatment of highly myopic traction maculopathy. Methods: Retrospective case series study. The patients with high myopia who underwent macular buckling at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University from June 2014 to June 2019 were enrolled, including 136 males and 212 females. The age was (56.68±11.59) years old. The outcomes measured included retinal reattachment rate, foveoschisis recovery rate, macular hole closure rate, postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), axial length (AL), and complications. The measurements were recorded preoperatively and at 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years postoperatively. The data was statistically analyzed using paired t test. Results: A total of 378 eyes were included, including 216 eyes with foveoschisis and macular detachment and 162 eyes with macular holes and macular detachment. Among them, 296 eyes underwent macular buckling, and the other 82 eyes underwent macular buckling combined with pars plana vitrectomy. During the follow-up period, 373 eyes (98.68%) achieved retinal reattachment; in patients with foveoschisis, 204 eyes (94.44%) were recovered; in patients with macular holes, 89 eyes (54.09%) achieved closure. All the postoperative results of BCVA were better than the preoperative value (1.459±0.841). BCVA continued to increase from postoperative month 1, remained stable at 1 year, and reached 0.908±0.606 at 3 years (t=6.896, P<0.01). All the postoperative results of AL were shorter than the preoperative value. The AL shortened by (4.423±1.740)mm at one month (t=33.144, P<0.01), increased gradually thereafter, remained stable at 1 year, and shortened by (2.101±1.643) mm at three years (t=6.392, P<0.01). The common complications included transient high intraocular pressure in 98 eyes (25.92%), epiretinal hemorrhage in 67 eyes (17.72%), and vitreous hemorrhage in 9 eyes (2.38%), which all resolved spontaneously within 1 month. In the early postoperative period, all patients had a certain degree of eye movement limitation, and 39 eyes (10.31%) had diplopia which resolved within 6 months without treatment. The strabismus surgery was arranged to treat esotropia in 6 eyes (1.58%). The macular buckle was removed from 1 eye (0.26%) because of the inability to tolerate diplopia. There were 8 eyes (2.11%) requiring a second operation to adjust the position of the buckle. The macular buckle was also removed from 4 eyes (1.05%) due to the implant rejection. Conclusion: Macular buckling can effectively shorten the AL, resolve posterior scleral staphyloma, and improve vision in the treatment of highly myopic traction maculopathy. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 433-439).

为探讨出租车的时空行为特征,采用非负矩阵分解法从时间和空间两个维度对出租车行为进行聚类分析.首先划分时空单元,以上客点的时空分布特征表征出租车的时空行为,并构建时空行为矩阵,然后采用非负矩阵分解法进行出租车聚类.最后以广州市为例进行研究,聚类结果表明:出租车受广州市空间结构特征的影响聚成了 4类,而受时间维度的影响较小,但不同时段的行为也有明显差异.4类出租车都形成了明显的围绕区域商业活动中心集中运营的空间行为模式以及调整运营范围以适应不同时段出行活动需求的时间行为模式.研究揭示了出租车的时空行为与城市空间结构、城市出行活动的联系,能为出租车和城市管理发展提供参考.

Purpose: To analyze clinical characteristics in eyes with myopic traction maculopathy (MTM). Methods: Nine hundred and ninety-one patients (1,334 eyes) with MTM, who visited Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from January 2014 to December 2019, were involved. Myopic traction maculopathy was classified into six grades according to the new classification system: no macular schisis (T0), inner or outer foveoschisis (FS) (T1); inner and outer FS (T2), foveal detachment (T3), full-thickness macular hole (T4), and macular hole retinal detachment (T5). Results: Seven hundred and seventy-eight (58.32%) eyes were in T0, 157 (11.77%) in T1, 177 (13.27%) in T2, 129 (9.67%) in T3, 45 (3.37%) in T4, and 48 (3.67%) in T5. With the severity of MTM, age increased and the best-corrected visual acuity became worse (P < 0.001). However, no significant differences were found on spherical equivalent refraction or axial length among different grades of MTM (P > 0.05). Moreover, significant differences on best-corrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent refraction, axial length, and staphyloma rate existed between eyes with inner FS and eyes with outer FS (P < 0.01), but not between eyes with outer FS and eyes with both inner FS and outer FS (P > 0.05). Besides, significant differences were found on spherical equivalent refraction, axial length, and staphyloma rate between full-thickness macular hole with and without macular schisis (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Spherical equivalent refraction and axial length were not correlated with the severity of MTM in this cohort. It might be preferable to categorize eyes with outer FS and eyes with both inner FS and outer FS as a same grade. Potential difference in the pathogenesis between full-thickness macular hole with and without macular schisis might exist.

BACKGROUND/AIMS:To apply deep learning technology to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) system that can identify vision-threatening conditions in high myopia patients based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) macular images.METHODS:In this cross-sectional, prospective study, a total of 5505 qualified OCT macular images obtained from 1048 high myopia patients admitted to Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre (ZOC) from 2012 to 2017 were selected for the development of the AI system. The independent test dataset included 412 images obtained from 91 high myopia patients recruited at ZOC from January 2019 to May 2019. We adopted the InceptionResnetV2 architecture to train four independent convolutional neural network (CNN) models to identify the following four vision-threatening conditions in high myopia: retinoschisis, macular hole, retinal detachment and pathological myopic choroidal neovascularisation. Focal Loss was used to address class imbalance, and optimal operating thresholds were determined according to the Youden Index.RESULTS:In the independent test dataset, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were high for all conditions (0.961 to 0.999). Our AI system achieved sensitivities equal to or even better than those of retina specialists as well as high specificities (greater than 90%). Moreover, our AI system provided a transparent and interpretable diagnosis with heatmaps.CONCLUSIONS:We used OCT macular images for the development of CNN models to identify vision-threatening conditions in high myopia patients. Our models achieved reliable sensitivities and high specificities, comparable to those of retina specialists and may be applied for large-scale high myopia screening and patient follow-up.

建立了利用公交历史数据进行公交到站时刻表编排的优化模型,以提升乘客按时刻表出行的搭乘成功率,减少等待时间,改善出行体验.首先,提出了服务可靠性的概念来表示乘客根据时刻表候车能成功搭乘的概率,并基于此引入了历史百分位到站时刻作为参考时刻;然后综合考虑等待时间、运行时间等约束条件,以最大化服务可靠性构建了到站时刻表编排模型,并利用乘客搭乘成功率、平均等待时间等指标来对模型进行评估.最后,选取广州市某公交线路进行了实例验证,并与传统方法进行了对比分析.结果 表明,模型编排的到站时刻表能明显提高乘客的搭乘率,减少乘客平均等待时间.

The finless porpoise (genus Neophocaena) is susceptible to fishery-caused mortality, and its numbers are thought to be in decline across its entire range. However, population demographics have rarely been quantified for this genus, with a few exceptions of the narrow-ridged form (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) in waters off Japan, Korea, and in the Yangtze River of China, all of which show a drastic decline in recent decades. Similar analyses have not been performed for the Indo-Pacific (known also as the wide-ridged) finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) that inhabits (sub-)tropical waters; thus, reliable risk assessments are lacking. The demographic dynamics of the Indo-Pacific finless porpoise in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region were investigated by analysing 307 cases of beached carcasses that were recovered between 1996 and 2014. The mean instantaneous rate of increase r indicated a declining trend of 3.6% loss per annum during 1996-2005, and a subsequent recovering trend with 0.76% increase per annum during 2006-2014. The individual-based Leslie matrix model constructed with the most up-to-date demographic parameters suggests that the conservation status of the finless porpoise in the PRD region corresponds to Near Threatened (NT) according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature criterion A3. This temporal demographic change may be due to changes in fishing effort, which has been declining locally since the late 1990s. Although more quantitative evidence is needed, it is shown that regulated management of coastal fisheries can serve as an effective tool in securing the long-term persistence of Indo-Pacific finless porpoise in the PRD region, which likely applies also elsewhere in the genus/species' range where coastal fisheries overlap with the porpoise habitat. Results provide baseline ecological indicators that can facilitate further monitoring of the population status and trend.

Objective To investigate the successful signs of laser photocoagulation or endolaser combined vitrectomy for congenital optic disc pit (ODP) with serous macular detachment.Methods A retrospective case analysis.Twelve eyes of 12 patients with congenital ODP complicated with serous macular detachment diagnosed in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from 2003 to 2018 were included in this study.There were 2 males (2 eyes) and 8 females (8 eyes).The average age was 30.17 years old.Retinal laser photocoagulation and/or vitrectomy were performed in all the eyes.The optic disc and macular area were scanned using the tracking mode of the Germany Heidelberg Spectralis OCT instrument.The "dam-sign" change was a retinal choroidal scar on the channel between the ODP and the macula on the OCT image after treatment.The eyes were divided into a "dam-sign" change group (group A,10 eyes) and no "dam-sign" change group (group B,2 eyes).The BCVA of eyes in group A was 0.03-0.6.In group A,1 eye was treated with laser photocoagulation alone,9 eyes were treated with vitrectomy combined with laser photocoagulation.The BCVA of eyes in group B was 0.1.All the eyes in group B underwent vitrectomy combined with laser photocoagulation.The follow-up was ranged from 6 to 174 months.The same equipment and method before treatment were used for 1,3,6,12,18,and 24 months after treatment.The BCVA,absorption of subretinal fluid (SRF) and the formation of"dam-sign" change were observed.Results At the last follow-up,the BCVA of eyes in group A was 0.4-1.0 (0.4 in 1 eye,0.5 in 3 eyes,0.6 in 2 eyes,0.8 in 3 eyes,1.0 in 1 eye).In 9 eyes treated with vitrectomy combined with laser photocoagulation,SRF was completely absorbed.In 1 eye treated with laser photocoagulation alone,SRF remained in small amount.The BCVA of the two eyes in group B was 0.03 and 0.3,respectively;and SRF was not absorbed in both of them.Conclusions The "dam-sign" change near optic disc after laser photocoagulation can promote SRF absorption and improve BCVA.It can be used as a success indicator after treatment.