To investigate the variation laws of the mechanical properties of basalt fiber lightweight aggregate concrete (BFLAC) under high-temperature exposure, C40 lightweight aggregate concrete specimens with varying basalt fiber (BF) contents (0–0.4%) were designed. These specimens were subjected to elevated temperatures of 20, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 °C, after which their residual compressive strength and residual splitting tensile strength were tested. The results indicate that the mechanical properties of all concrete groups deteriorated significantly with increasing temperature, with aggravated degradation observed above 400 °C. The incorporation of BF effectively enhanced both the compressive and tensile strengths of the concrete, with a more pronounced improvement in tensile strength; the optimal BF content was found to be between 0.2% and 0.3%. However, when the temperature exceeded 600 °C, the internal structure of the material suffered severe damage, leading to a significant reduction in the fiber reinforcement effect.

A buffer layer was designed to assist to braze SiC and Nb. The effect of brazing temperature and holding time on the microstructure and the shear strength of the joint was analyzed. The strengthening mechanism of the joint was evaluated. The results found that the SiC-Nb joint was brazed with Cu-5TiH2, because of its good wettability on the surface of SiC. The typical microstructure of SiC-Nb joint brazed at 1060 degrees C for 5 min was SiC/C particles + TiC + Cu(s,s)/alpha-Ti + Nb(s,s)/Cu(s,s)+(Ti,Nb)5Si3+Ti5Si3/alpha-Ti/(Ti,Nb)Si/Nb. In addition, a buffer layer formed, which was consisted of two parts: reaction layer (alpha-Ti + Nb(s,s)) and infiltration layer (much C particles, little TiC and Cu(s,s)). With brazing temperature and holding time increasing, element Nb continuously diffused into brazing seam and solidified into alpha-Ti. With Nb content increasing, the alpha-Ti existed in the form of discontinuous to continuous layer, and then to particles. When Nb solidified into alpha-Ti continuous layer, the strength of the layer was improved and effective joining between SiC and Nb formed. In addition, the buffer layer was contributed to forming a good gradient transition of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and released residual stress. So, the shear strength of the joint was increased to 52.6 MPa.

In attosecond science, a formidable challenge remains: addressing the laser coupling between electron states from different charged molecular states during strong laser-induced molecular dynamics, particularly when the nuclei move rapidly and the Born-Oppenheimer approximation (BOA) no longer applies. To overcome these difficulties, we have developed the Strong Laser Induced non-adiabatic Multi-Ionic-Multi Electric States (SLIMIMES) approach. We validate our model using a showcase example: water dissociation under strong infrared (IR) laser pulses. Our investigation reveals the predominant role of a non-vertical dissociation pathway in the photon-ionization dissociation (PID) process of $\mathrm{D_{2}O^{2+}}$. This pathway originates from neutral $\mathrm{D_{2}O}$, which undergoes vertical multi-photon-single-ionization, reaching the intermediate dissociation states of $\mathrm{D_{I} + OD_{II}^{+} (2^{3}\Sigma)}$ within $\mathrm{D_{2}O^{+}}$. Subsequently, $\mathrm{OD_{II}^{+} (2^{3}\Sigma)}$ dissociates into $\mathrm{O^{+} + D_{II}}$, with both $\mathrm{D_{I}}$ and $\mathrm{D_{II}}$ fragments potentially ionizing an electron during interaction with the IR laser. This sequential PID pathway significantly contributes to the dissociation yields of water dication. Our calculations are consistent with recent experimental data, which focus on measuring the branching ratio of water dication dissociation. We aim for our model to provide a deeper understanding and a fresh perspective on the coupling between electron and nuclear dynamics induced by a strong IR laser field.

Green electrospinning for the production of freshness-indicating labels, employing entirely natural biopolymers and pigments, holds significance in the development of intelligent food packaging. This study aimed to prepare zein (Z) fibrous film (FF) incorporated with varying concentrations of anthocyanin (A; 0-0.5 %) through green electrospinning. Furthermore, we evaluated their structural characteristics, functional properties, and color responsiveness to ammonia. With an increase in A concentration from 0 % to 0.5 %, the average thickness and fiber diameter of the electrospun Z-FF increased from 68.6 mu m to 102.0 mu m and from 582.1 nm to 690.7 nm, respectively. At A concentration of 0.2 %, the A content and loading efficiency of electrospun ZA-FF exhibited the most optimal values (6.8 mg/g and 39.4 %). Surface hydrophobicity, thermodynamic properties, and mechanical characteristics of ZA-FF were significantly improved, attributable to changes in their secondary and crystal structures from the interaction of Z and A. In the ammonia color-responsiveness test, an obvious color change with Delta E values of 13.1 and 20.0 was observed for Z-FF incorporated with A at concentrations of 0.2 % and 0.5 %, respectively. This study provides novel insights into the development of Z-based freshness-indicating labels via green electrospinning for intelligent food packaging, especially in livestock and marine products.

The development of efficient functional materials for uranium extraction from nuclear wastewater and seawater has extraordinary significance for energy development and environmental protection. However, the troublesome issue associated with uranium selective capture was the coexistence of lanthanide or vanadium ions in practical application. Though covalent organic frameworks (COFs) was widely served as effective solid adsorbent, the importance of the COFs skeleton and the properties of specific adjacent atoms is often overlooked when configuring the coordination settings of target chelating molecules. Drawing inspiration from the strong affinity of soft N-donor ligands for actinide ions and the fact of enhancing selectivity through the synergistic coordination of multiple sites, three novel and highly chemical stability dioxin-linked functionalization COFs anchored with Ndonor heterocycles (imidazoline, oxazoline and thiazoline) were successfully constructed through a one-step post-synthetic modification. Benefiting from the synergistic enhancement effect between the adjacent atoms of strong affinity N in N-donor heterocycles and O in rigid COFs skeleton, the optimized imidazoline-based COFs exhibited high selectivity for uranium capture over competing ions (including lanthanide and vanadium ions) across a broad pH range. Through a simple solid-phase extraction process, the exceptional performance in uranium separation and extraction from simulated nuclear wastewater (360 mg g-1 ) and seawater (8.3 mg g-1 ) were surpassing most reported uranium adsorbents based on chemical coordination mechanism within one week.

Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) can adversely affect tissue repair, whereas endowing biomaterials with antioxidant activity can improve the in vivo microenvironment, thereby promoting angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Accordingly, this study utilized epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a material known for its reducing properties, oxidative self-polymerization capability, and strong binding characteristics, to modify a bioactive core-shell fibrous membrane (10RP-PG). Compared to the 10RP-PG fibrous membrane, the EGCG-modified fibrous membrane (E/10RP-PG) exhibited superior hydrophilicity, excellent cell adhesion, and compatibility. Moreover, the EGCG-modified fibrous membrane can effectively scavenge free radicals, ameliorate the local microenvironment, and foster angiogenesis (enhancing the expression of angiogenic genes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by 1.58 times and promoting vascular generation area upon subcutaneous implantation by 4.47 times). The enhancement of angiogenic activity of the E/10RP-PG fibrous membrane further promoted cartilage degeneration and absorption, as well as new bone formation, thus facilitating the repair of bone defects. This study provides a new strategy for promoting bone defect repair through the surface modification of biomaterials with an antioxidant agent, and the fabricated E/10RP-PG fibrous membranes show promise for guiding vascularized bone regeneration.

High-hardness thermoplastic polyurethane (HD-TPU) are utilized in advanced engineering applications due to their superior strength, flexibility, and abrasion resistance. However, the high content of hard segments reduced the gas solubility, making it difficult to generate uniform microcellular foams. In this study, the metal-organic framework (MOF) zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) was employed as both a heterogeneous nucleating agent and a gas enrichment "nano-reservoir" to enhance HD-TPU foamability. Dopamine modification was applied to greatly improve ZIF-8 dispersion in HD-TPU. ZIF-8 significantly enhanced the CO2 solubility in the TPU/MOF composites. The dual effects of MOF facilitate the preparation of microcellular HD-TPU/ZIF-8 foams with uniform cell size distribution after low-pressure saturation (3-5 MPa). Cell density and expansion ratio were increased by 50 and 1.5 times, respectively. The cyclic compression performance of HD-TPU/ZIF-8 foams was significantly enhanced. This study presents a novel method for preparing high-performance HD-TPU microcellular foams by introducing porous nanoparticles.

Silicate-encapsulated vanadium is the predominant form of vanadium found in landfilled metallurgical residues (LMR), which are by-products of vanadium production. This poses obstacles to the recovery and recycling of vanadium. In this study, Sulfate Radical-based Advanced Oxidation Processes (SR-AOPs) was proposed as an effective alternative for treating LMR. Based on the Ultrasonic wave + O-2 leaching method (UOL) as a blank experiment, the advantages of the Ultrasonic wave + persulfate leaching method (UPL) as a new oxygen supply method were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the vanadium leaching rate increased by 33.56 % after 15 min of UPL treatment. Through quenching experiments, it was found that the contribution of oxidative free radicals in the UPL reaction process was ranked as follows: SO4 center dot->(OH)-O-center dot >O-1(2). Compared to UOL, UPL generated a large amount of SO4 center dot- through ultrasonic and thermal activation, which facilitated the oxidative dissociation of silicate structures. Moreover, the reactive oxygen was involved in the reaction in molecular form during the reaction process to protect the original stabilized system. The leaching kinetics were investigated using the shrinking nucleus model. It was found that UPL and UOL were diffusion-controlled and mixing-controlled, respectively, and the activation energy of the UPL reaction was 16.24 kJ/mol, which was 46.77 % lower than that of the UOL reaction. The application of LMR not only mitigated the environmental impact associated with waste accumulation, but also enriched the slag phase with high-purity Fe, Mn, and Cr, thereby facilitating their subsequent recycling.

Aiming at the poor selectivity of electrically conductive metal-organic framework (EC-MOF) chemoresistive materials, this study develops a breakthrough room temperature ammonia (NH3) sensor by stacking ionically conductive MOF (IC-MOF) on an environmentally friendly biofabric. The synergism between ionic conductivity, tailored metal-nitrogen interaction, and fabric porosity enables the sensor with high response (R0/Rg = 14.7 towards 1 ppm NH3), low detection limit (36 ppb), and remarkable selectivity (coefficient >5.12 against common organic interferents). Notably, the optimized sensor yields a sixfold enhancement in response as compared with traditional EC-MOF powders. A linear regression model validated by fivefold cross-validation achieves 98.4% accuracy in NH3 concentration prediction, while the kNN classifier shows 96% accuracy in gas identification (tested on 192 samples). Preliminary clinical tests show that the sensor can clearly differentiate the exhaled NH3 signals of four patients with HE from those of healthy individuals, demonstrating the potential for non-invasive diagnostics.

A cryogenic cooling system for a superconducting magnet used in gyrotrons has been studied. The superconducting magnet was fabricated using MgB2 wire and was designed to achieve a maximum magnetic flux density of similar to 1.3 T. Firstly, the electromagnetic design was carried out, based on which the mechanical design and manufacturing were completed. In preliminary tests, the MgB2 superconducting magnet was cooled by direct conduction cooling using four cryocoolers, and magnetization and demagnetization tests were performed at several different temperatures between 12 K and 20 K. Subsequently, the magnet was integrated into a carefully designed cryostat. Detailed heat transfer analyses and calculations were conducted during the design of the cryogenic system. The superconducting magnet is welded into a sealed reservoir and cooled through contact with nitrogen coolant (including both convection and conduction). The large heat capacity of solid nitrogen at low temperatures is utilized to maintain the temperature of the magnet over extended periods of time. The solid nitrogen reservoir is cooled by the second stage of a two-stage GM cryocooler and is enclosed within a cold shield cooled by the first stage. Specifically, to extend the holding time of solid nitrogen at low temperatures, a cryocooler chamber device is employed, which enables the detachment and repositioning of the cryocooler's cold head while the magnet is in normal operation. Experimental results show that the cryogenic cooling system can cool the MgB2 superconducting magnet to nearly 4.5 K. With the cold head detached, the magnet operates stably at a working current of 84 A for over 4 h, during which the magnet's temperature increased from approximately 5 K to around 14 K. The maximum magnetic field strength achieved is 1.295 +/- 0.01 T, meeting the design requirements.

For the efficient electrolytic extraction of Er from spent nuclear fuel, a series of electrochemical methods was used to research the electrochemical behavior of Er(III) in the LiCl-KCl system on inert (Mo) electrode and on reactive (Ni) electrodes. On the inert Mo electrode, the reduction of Er(III) to Er(0) is a one-step with three-electron and quasi-reversible reaction process. Meanwhile, the apparent generation Gibbs free energy and activity coefficients of Er(III) on the inert electrode were determined. Thereafter, the electrochemical reduction of Er(III) on the Ni electrode was emphatically investigated. Er(III) is reduced at a corrected potential owing to the formation of Ni-Er alloys. In addition, thermodynamic parameters such as partial excess Gibbs free energy change of Er in Ni, activity and apparent generation Gibbs free energy of the Ni-Er alloys were determined by the electromotive force method. Finally, different Ni-Er alloys were produced using potentiostatic electrolysis on the Ni cathode by controlling different potentials. Moreover, electrolytic extraction was carried out on the Ni cathode at the potential of –2.0 V, and the separation efficiency of Er reaches 99.72%, which proves the practicability of separating Er from LiCl-KCl eutectic on the reactive Ni cathode.

The dephasing time \(T_2\) is an important parameter in quantum information, optics and condensed matter physics, particularly in the context of ultrafast carrier dynamics and quantum coherence when solids are subjected to intense laser irradiation. However, understanding the precise dephasing mechanisms and directly measuring \(T_2\) from experimental spectra remains elusive, hindering our understanding of the physics of condense state systems under extreme conditions. In this work, through the Quantum Complex Analysis model, where all physical quantities are treated as complex values, we clearly elucidate that the quantum tunneling process of carriers between different energy bands in solids makes a significant contribution to the dephasing time. The ability to accurately describe the \( T_2 \) term directly determines the laser-induced tunneling process of carriers and the interference patterns of long and short quantum orbital in High-order Harmonic Generation (HHG). Consequently, the dephasing rate is encoded in the HHG spectra, providing an opportunity to reconstruct \(T_2\) from experimental HHG spectra using machine learning techniques. Our work makes a novel contribution to the study and understanding of dephasing time in solid HHG by addressing both the direct reconstruction of \(T_2\) from experimental data and its underlying physical effects. In addition, Our reconstruction algorithm also provides a possible method for studying the quantum tunneling process of light-induced carrier transitions between different energy bands.

The development of efficient, selective, and readily regenerable adsorbents for uranium extraction from seawater has been a research focus. In this study, the polyacrylonitrile-poly(amidoxime) (PAN-PAO) composite membrane with remarkable uranium adsorption capacity was rapidly prepared by a nonsolvent induce phase separation method. The membrane was then treated with alkaline to enhance membrane swelling, exposing PAO to promote binding to uranium. The fitting results of the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic models indicate that the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm can better explain the adsorption process, and the maximum adsorption capacity of uranium reached 835.8 mg/g based on the Langmuir model with pH 5 and 298 K. The PAN-PAO hydrogel membrane demonstrated a high adsorption rate of uranium in simulated seawater, reaching up to 90 % under the interference of multiple co-existing ions. Additionally, the selectivity coefficient of U to V reached 3.5. After six adsorption and desorption cycles using 0.5 mol/L NaHCO3 and 0.25 mol/L Na2CO3 + 0.025 mol/L H2O2 as eluents, the adsorption capacity of the membrane remained above 85 % of the initial value, and the desorption rate were consistently above 90 %. The membrane shows great promise as a material for efficient, selective, and sustainable extraction of uranium from seawater.

Macrophages can kill bacteria and viruses by releasing free radicals, which provides a possible approach to construct antifouling coatings with dynamic surfaces that release free radicals if the breaking of dynamic covalent bonds is precisely regulated. Herein, inspired by the defensive behavior of macrophages of releasing free radicals to kill bacteria and viruses, a marine antifouling coating composed of polyurethane incorporating dimethylglyoxime (PUx-DMG) is prepared by precise regulation of dynamic oxime-urethane covalent bonds. The obtained alkyl radical (R center dot) derived from the cleavage of the oxime-urethane bonds manages to effectively suppress the attachment of marine biofouling. Moreover, the intrinsic dynamic surface makes it difficult for biofouling to adhere and ultimately achieves sustainable antifouling property. Notably, the PU50-DMG coating not only presents efficient antibacterial and antialgae properties, but also prevents macroorganisms from settling in the sea for up to 4 months. This provides a pioneer broad-spectrum strategy to explore the marine antifouling coatings.

In the current study, an isothermal compression molding process was used to develop enhanced green composites made from alkali-treated pine nut shell particles (TPS) reinforced in fully bio-driven benzoxazine (VB) and epoxy (EP) copolymer. Reinforcement with varying weight percent (wt%) of bio-filler enhanced the properties of composites. Composites showed a rise of 75.9 MPa, 5.8 GPa, and 5.1 kJ/m2 in flexural strength, modulus, and impact strength, respectively. Thermal stability shows that composites can endure higher temperatures and hence be classified as flame-retardant materials. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) confirms that composites exhibit higher storage modulus, which was elevated to 77.6% compared to the unfilled copolymer. FTIR spectroscopy analyzed the structure of copolymerized composites. Further, finite element analysis (FEA) was observed for the prepared composites. A transversely isotropic composite material model was created with the properties of composites, and stress analysis was observed. FEA outcomes are in good agreement with experimental findings.

The efficient separation of the rare earth element Sm from spent nuclear fuel is of strategic importance for the nuclear industries. This study explored the feasibility of a novel liquid Ga-Pb hybrid electrode for electrochemical extraction of samarium compounds, and the electrochemical reduction mechanism and dynamic properties of Sm(III) ions were provided in NaCl-2CsCl molten salt. It was established that the reduction mechanisms of Sm(III) to Sm(II) and Pb(II) to Pb(0) on the Mo cathode were a one-step reaction processes, respectively, while Ga(III) to Ga(0) was a two-step reaction process. The co-deposition mechanisms of Sm(III), Ga(III) and Pb(II) ions on the Mo cathode were identified, and the types of intermetallic compounds, formation potentials and reaction processes were analyzed. The deposition potential of Sm on Ga-Pb mixed cathode is determined, and the value of its depolarization was greater than on the liquid Pb electrode. Simultaneously, Sm ions have higher exchange current densities and lower activation energies for electrode reactions on the liquid Ga-Pb mixed electrodes than on the liquid Pb electrodes. Furthermore, the electro-separation of NaCl-2CsCl-SmCl3 molten salt was executed via potentiostatic electrolysis technique, and the separation efficiency and the effect of cathode product type were analyzed and compared in Ga-Pb hybrid electrode and Pb electrode. It was obtained that the maximum extraction efficiency on the Ga-Pb hybrid electrode and the separation efficiency of Sm could reach 91.3 % after 8 h of electrolysis.

Polyimide (PI) film with hydrophilic greatly limits their application in the field of microelectronic device packaging. A novel hydrophobic PI film with sag structure and improved mechanical properties was prepared relying on the reaction between anhydride-terminated isocyanate-based polyimide (PIY) containing a seven-membered ring structure and the amino-terminated polyamide acid (PAA) via multi-hybrid strategy, this work named it as hybrid PI film and marked it as PI-PIY-X. PI-PIY-30 showed excellent hydrophobic properties, and the water contact angle could reach to 102°, which was 20% and 55% higher than simply PI film and PIY film, respectively. The water absorption was only 1.02%, with a decrease of 49% and 53% compared with PI and PIY. Due to that the degradation of seven-membered ring and generation of carbon dioxide led to the formation of sag structure, the size of sag structures was around 16.84 nm and 534.55 nm for in-plane and out-plane direction, which were observed on surface of PI-PIY-30. Meanwhile, PI-PIY-30 possessed improved mechanical properties, and the tensile strength was 109.08 MPa, with 5% and more than 56% higher than that of pure PI and PIY film, showing greatly application prospects in the field of integrated circuit. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Bio-based bisphenol compounds were prepared using eugenol from biomass as the initial raw material. A reaction of nucleophilic substitution takes place with 4-nitrophthalonitrile in an environmentally friendly solvent to produce bio-based propenyl-derived phthalonitrile monomers. The effective preparation of compounds was proven using hydrogen and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). By employing the process of free radical catalysis, it is possible to directly cure the novel phthalonitrile monomers without the need for a specific small molecule curing agent. The cured resin was reported to have high glass transition temperature, good thermal stability, and processing properties by FT-IR, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analyzer, dynamic mechanical analyzer, and rheometer techniques. The flexural test and scanning electron microscopy results show that both resins have a consistent, flawless structure and improved mechanical properties. Eugenol is derived from sustainable biomass, offering an environmentally friendly approach to utilizing biological monophenols effectively. It provides the benefits of carbon reduction and renewability, making it a valuable and eco-conscious resource.

More and more bio-inspired methods are used to obtain anti-fouling surfaces, in which the structure plays a pivotal role in bionic coatings. It is a trend to prepare dynamic anti-fouling surfaces to improve the anti-fouling performance of the surface and synthesis the large-scale surface. Therefore, based on the special multilevel structure of Folium Sennae, the Folium Sennae-inspired surface was prepared and modified by the active molecule from Folium Sennae here (GFSF-x, AGFSF-y). Based on the excellent anti-fouling of Folium Sennae-inspired surfaces, a series of arrayed dynamic surfaces with structure-controlling liquid behavior were prepared (VMxFy). Among them, AGFSF-5 shows an excellent anti-fouling performance, whose anti-diatom attachment rate is as high as 97.8 %. The arrayed-structured coatings (MxFy) exhibit an ability to hinder the adhesion of plaque in mussel adhesion experiments. In addition, the inhibition attachment rate of diatoms of AGMPF-4 (MxFy was subjected to optimal concentration assembly) is 83.7 %, while it is 99.5 % of VMxFy. Besides, the liquid grows dynamically along the arrayed structure, and the height of VMNF-4 increased from 15.12 to 206.26 mu m. The bioinspired surfaces based on the two methods here show outstanding anti-fouling ability, in particular, the arrayed structured surface controlling liquid behavior. This study provides a new idea for the construction of dynamic structural surfaces and shows the practical application potential due to its ability to large-scale surface texture.