Background Magnetic seizure therapy (MST) is a novel convulsive therapy that has been shown to have antidepressant efficacy comparable to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) with fewer cognitive side effects. However, the cardiovascular (CVS) effects of high frequency MST in comparison to ECT have not been investigated. Materials and Methods Forty-five patients with depression received 6 treatment sessions of 100 Hz MST versus 6 bifrontal ECT treatments in a nonrandomized comparative clinical design. Data on CVS function including heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and rate pressure product (RPP) were collected at baseline (T0), after the induction of anesthesia but before the electrical stimulation (T1), during convulsion (T2), 2 minutes after cessation of motor seizure (T3), 5 minutes after cessation of motor seizure (T4), and 10 minutes after cessation of motor seizure (T5). Comparisons were made with baseline data and between MST and ECT groups. Results There were statistically significant elevations in the maximum HR, SBP, DBP, and RPP in patients receiving ECT compared with MST both in the initial and sixth treatments (all P < 0.05). Particularly, at T2, the ECT group had significantly higher HR, SBP, DBP, and RPP than those in MST group both in initial and sixth treatment (all P < 0.001). At the sixth treatment, the ECT group had significantly higher SBP, DBP, and RPP during the treatment than in the MST group (all P < 0.001). Limitations The anesthetic choices for this study may limit the generalizability of our findings. The sample size was relatively small. Conclusions Compared with ECT, high-frequency MST has fewer CVS side effects and may be a safer option for depression patients with CVS disorders.

目的 比较磁惊厥治疗(magnetic seizure therapy,MST)与无抽搐电休克治疗(modified electroconvulsive therapy,MECT)对抑郁发作早期的疗效及对认知功能的影响.方法 入组45例抑郁发作患者,分别接受MST和MECT治疗.采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表-17项(Hamilton Depression Scale-17 Item,HAMD-17),汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton Anxiety Scale,HAMA),临床总体印象量表(Clinical Global Impression Scale,CGI)进行临床症状评估,采用重复成套神经心理状态测验(the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status,RBANS)及简易智力状态检查量表(Mini-mental State Examination,MMSE)进行认知功能评估.评估时间点包括基线、治疗3次后、治疗6次后.结果 双因素重复测量方差分析显示,两组间治疗前后HAMD-17、HAMA、CGI-S、CGI-I评分差异均无统计学意义(P组间>0.05),其中HAMD-17、HAMA、CGI-S评分均随治疗时间的延长逐渐降低(P时间<0.05).两组RBANS总分,均随治疗时间延长逐渐升高(P时间<0.05);各时点,MST组RBANS总分高于MECT组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P组间<0.05),且随时间延长,MST的治疗效应组间增大(P交互<0.05).治疗3次和治疗6次后,HAMD减分率两组间比较差异无统计学意义.结论 MST治疗抑郁发作早期治疗疗效果与MECT相当,MST治疗6次后可改善患者的部分认知功能.

ABSTRACTImportanceIn cases of epiblepharon with lower eyelid retraction secondary to glaucoma, correcting epiblepharon alone is ineffective. Combined surgery should be performed to obtain satisfactory outcomes.ObjectiveTo investigate outcomes after surgery to correct epiblepharon with lower eyelid retraction secondary to buphthalmos in children.MethodsA retrospective analysis of six eyes in four patients was performed included lower lid retractor recession combined with marginal rotation with tarsal fixation. The margin reflex distance‐2, lagophthalmus, resolution of clinical symptoms, and complications were assessed during 6 to 12 months of follow‐up.ResultsIn all cases, epiblepharon and lagophthalmus were corrected, symptoms of photophobia and epiphora were relieved, and the corneal epithelium was repaired. The margin reflex distance‐2 decreased and remained normal during the follow‐up period, but slightly regressed within 6 months postoperatively.InterpretationEpiblepharon caused by buphthalmos in children is often associated with lower eyelid retraction. Lower lid retractor recession combined with marginal rotation with tarsal fixation fundamentally solves the problems of high eyelid tension, lower eyelid retraction, and epiblepharon and reduces the recurrence rate.

Abstract Introduction Magnetic seizure therapy (MST) is a new convulsive therapy that is as effective as traditional electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in treating depression but with fewer cognitive side effects. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and cognitive effects between MST (100 Hz applied over the vertex) and bifrontal ECT for treating patients with depressive episodes. Methods Forty‐five patients with depressive episodes were enrolled, with 18 receiving MST and 27 receiving ECT. MST was administered over the vertex with 100 Hz frequency. Treatment consisted of six sessions. The 17‐item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD‐17) was used to assess the severity of depression. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was used to assess cognition. Assessments were performed at baseline and after the third and sixth treatment sessions. Results Both MST and ECT improved the patients’ depressive symptoms significantly, yet no significant difference was found between the two groups (p > .05). The response rates and remission rates of MST and ECT were 72.2% versus 81.5% and 61.1% versus 63.0%, respectively. The MST group showed significant improvements in immediate memory (p < .001), delayed memory (p = .002), and attention (p < .001) than ECT. The recovery times for consciousness (p < .001), spontaneous breathing (p < .001), and orientation (p < .001) were shorter in MST group than ECT group. RBANS improvements were negatively correlated with the recovery time for orientation (r = .561, p < .001). Conclusion Magnetic seizure therapy showed similar efficacy to bifrontal ECT for treating depressive episodes. While MST may be an effective alternative to ECT, larger randomized trials are needed.