It needs to be improved the conversion efficiency and stable operation of conventional pyrolysis with high-temperature flue gas heating (HFH). Herein, a new radiative heating (RH) pyrolysis method is proposed. Experimental studies are carried out on a self-made radiation pyrolysis pilot plant to investigate the effects of different factors (pyrolysis final temperature, residence time, and carrier gas volume) on product distribution. The results show that with the increase of pyrolysis temperature, the yield of the gas phase consistently increases, and the proportion of CH4 and H2 in the pyrolysis gas reaches 62.31

Ultrasonic demulsification treatment is essential to dehydrate refinery sludge with complex composition, high water content, and demulsification difficulty. Herein, the influencing factors and the demulsification mechanism are studied in oily sludge treatment. The effects of initial temperature, ultrasonic amplitude, and time, as well as a diversity of additives on the ultrasonic dehydration rate of oily sludge demulsification, are investigated. The optimal demulsification conditions are confirmed (temperature: 20 °C, ultrasonic amplitude: 100 %, and ultrasonic time: 5 min), based on the effectiveness and economy of dehydration. The combined ultrasonication and pyrolysis of the solid residue of sludge shows a dehydration rate of 60.49 %, beneficial for the green transformation and utilization of subsequent demulsification products. Moreover, the mechanism of ultrasonic emulsification is proposed, as well. This work provides an important reference for the subsequent resource utilization of oily sludge in the industry.

This study aimed to explore the influence of activated carbon, oily sludge pyrolysis residue, and biochar and their contents on the distribution of three-phase products of oily sludge subjected to microwave pyrolysis. A microwave reaction system, refinery gas analyzer, and chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to carry out the experiment and analyze the results. The results showed that all three additives reduced the yield of solid products and increased the yield of gas products. With an increase in the additive content, the volatile matter and moisture content in the pyrolysis residue greatly reduced. The content of CH4 and H-2 in the pyrolysis gas increased with an increase in the additive content. When the amount of activated carbon was 20%, the H-2 content reached a maximum (39.7%), and when the amount of biochar was 20%, the CH4 content reached a maximum (44.5%). All three additives increased the content of small molecules in the pyrolysis oil; when 10% activated carbon was added, the oil recovery rate reached up to 78.5%. The results of this study can guide the industrial application of microwave pyrolysis oily sludge.

Demulsification is usually a necessary step for the treatment of oily sludge, which is also an important and urgent task in the petroleum industry. Since the inefficient and difficult demulsification for the refinery oily sludge by traditional methods, a new method using microwave irradiation to strengthen the demulsification efficiency was proposed in this work. A series of demulsification runs were carried out to investigate the effects of microwave heating temperature and power, upon the droplet-size distribution and the total demulsification efficiency of oily sludge. The demulsification process of the oily sludge heated by microwave irradiation and water bath were compared in terms of demulsification efficiency, demulsification temperature, demulsification time and centrifugal speed. At the same time, characterization tests were performed by viscometer, DSC analyzer, Zeta potentiometer, etc. Results showed that the demulsification temperature of the oily sludge should be kept below 77 degrees C. The demulsification efficiency of oily sludge increased first and then decreased with the increase of microwave heating temperature and power, which reached maximum (67.4%) at 55 degrees C, with the microwave power of 700 W. Compared with conventional heating (55 degrees C), the demulsification efficiency of oily sludge increased by 25.3% under microwave irradiation (700 W, 55 degrees C). Besides, microwave irradiation can simultaneously reduce the demulsification temperature ( 40 degrees C), the demulsification time (> 95%), and the centrifugal speed (similar to 36.7%), which proves that microwave demulsification is a rapid, high-efficiency, low consumption demulsification method.

Lubricants play a very important role in industry. Different lubricants were synthesized for different working conditions. In this mini-review, we first introduced various synthesis methods for different types of lubricant preparation. Some of our works were included and discussed. Then, electroanalytical-based characterization techniques were summarized.