Objective: We analyzed characteristics of tornado-related injuries and medical impact on a county-level hospital in China in June 23, 2016. The objective of this study was to describe and analyze local government rescue responses following the tornado. Methods: County hospital medical records of 288 tornado-related injury patients were collected. Descriptive analyses to study injury characteristics and associated risk factors were performed. Results: Of the studied population, 84% of the wounded were older than 45 years. Only 30 (10.4%) people were sent to the hospital for treatment within 3 hours following the disaster. Heavy objects or collapsing houses accounted for 191 (66.3%) of the documented injuries. The proportion of people with resulting brain injuries was 46.2% of the entire injured population, and the incidence of lower extremity injuries was 27.8%. A total of 89.6% of the wounded had skin and soft tissue injuries. Multiple injuries were found in 129 (44.8%) people and 156 had a single injury (54.2%), and 3 cases with acute stress disorder were admitted to the hospital. Conclusions: Preparation plans, including tornado warnings, prevention, and rescue, are a basic requirement for the mitigation of tornado-related injuries. Protection awareness of tornado disasters is also critical to ensure injury prevention.

Background: Yushu, Qinghai province is located in remote Tibetan plateau in Western China, struck by a disastrous earthquake in 2010. The study aimed to find out the positive and negative psychological changes and related risk factors of children and adolescents who had experienced Yushu earthquake, 6 years after it occurred. Methods: A cross-sectional research was adopted in the capital of Yushu Autonomous Prefecture in August 2016. The short form of the Changes in Outlook Questionnaire (CiOQ-S) was used, which is a 10-item self-report instrument consists of two subscales. A total of 591 valid questionnaires completed by local junior students were finally included in our study. Results: The mean scores of the positive and negative psychological changes were 19.28 and 13.08, respectively. The factors associated with positive psychological changes included high level of education, male gender, and uninjured in the earthquake. The factors associated with negative psychological changes included living in a pasture instead of downtown, injured during the earthquake, and not receiving psychological counselling. Conclusions: The current analysis tries to investigate the long-term psychological effects of earthquakes among children and adolescents, which aims to improve the psychological health status for child and adolescent survivors of similar events.

Abstract Background As extremely violent meteorological disasters, tornadoes often cause serious casualties. The study aims to analyze the characteristics and causes of tornado injuries in China under certain humanistic and geographical conditions. Methods A random sampling questionnaire survey was developed and distributed to tornado victims from two separate occurrences: an Enhanced Fujita 4 tornado in Yancheng, and a Fujita 3 tornado in Chifeng. The information of demographic characteristics, disaster environment, and individual behaviors in victims was collected. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze influencing factor of injuries. Results A total of 94 valid questionnaires (participation rate 95.9%) were finally collected in Yancheng tornado and 67 valid questionnaires (participation rate 93.1%) in Chifeng tornado. Residents’ annual income (OR = 0.10, 95% CI 0.02–0.50, P = 0.005), degree of house collapse (OR = 183.12, 95% CI 8.04–4173.34, P = 0.001) have a significant impact on the probability of injury. Differences in tornado disaster drill awareness (P = 0.009), individual behaviors (P = 0.011) and fear level (P = 0.011) significantly affected the incidence of trauma. Whether victims were indoors or not has no statistical difference on injuries in China. Conclusions Our study clarifies risk factors and is conducive to the expansion of the investigation in tornado casualties. The government should improve the wind-resistance of residential buildings. Victims should participate in disaster prevention drills to take effective disaster avoidance actions.

This article provides a random coefficient model for anticipating the occurrence trend of earthquake fatalities and rapidly estimating the number earthquake fatalities in China. We then predicted the number of earthquake deaths in China using 206 earthquake records from 1900 to 2016 and basing our predictions on the empirical regression method in the Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) system. In general, half the total fatalities are usually certified in the first 23 h after an earthquake; 80% of all certified of an earthquake are usually certified in the first 77 h after an incident, and usually 164 h after an incident 99% of the total deaths are certified and the death toll tends to stabilize. A greater magnitude for an earthquake results in a longer duration for the rapid growth period, and a longer time is needed for the total number of deaths to stabilize. The fatalities in Wenchuan and Yushu earthquake calculated by our prediction model were 67,704 and 2,657, close to the actual fatalities of 69,227 and 2,698, respectively. Our dynamic estimation model to simulate death occurrence in changing environments can quickly estimate the earthquake death totals in Chinese earthquakes and accurately define the earthquake scale to facilitate post-earthquake emergency rescue.

Based on the analysis of the domestic and international think tank and think tank database de-velopment status,aiming at the current lack of hospital management think tank database design scheme,this paper proposed a hospital management think tank database architecture model,Focusing on the construction content and function design,provides a reference for the construction of hospital management think tank database.

海军由近海走向远海,卫勤保障模式发生重大转变.海战伤员情况复杂多变,及时高效的救治通道有助于提升战斗力.后送阶梯应以减少救治层次、促进伤员快速后送为目的,后送装备应以减少后送时间、增加运力为目标.针对国内外军队海上作战医疗后送阶梯及装备现状,提出我军发展方向,提升海战一体化卫勤保障能力.

OBJECTIVES:Few studies of tornado injuries have considered differences related to damage levels and Enhanced-Fujita (EF) scale ratings. This study aimed to evaluate the pattern, spectrum and geographical distribution of injuries related to the Yancheng tornado and provide guidelines for effective emergency medical strategies. SETTING:The study was conducted at three hospitals which treated patients with injuries related to the tornado in Yancheng, China. PARTICIPANTS:We obtained the records of 451 patients with tornado-related injuries. Of these, 401 valid trauma medical records were included; 50 other records were excluded for insufficient information. Informed consent was obtained from all patients by telephone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:We analysed patients' injury sites and types and used the abbreviated injury scale (AIS) to standardise injury severity. Geographical information system and non-parametric tests were used to analyse the effects of geographical factors on casualties. RESULTS:Women, middle-aged/elderly individuals (age>45 years) and children/adolescents (<18 years) accounted for 51.62%, 77.30% and 12.47% of injured patients, respectively. This caused a dumbbell-shaped age distribution. Head (46.63%), body surface (39.90%) and lower-limb (29.43%) injuries were common, as were soft-tissue injuries (90.77%), fractures (38.90%) and organ damage (19.70%). Minor injuries (AIS=1) were common (60.85%), whereas critical/fatal injuries (AIS≥5) were very rare (2.50%). Although the densities of injury varied among damage levels and EF ratings for different areas, area-wise differences in injury severity (AIS scores) were not significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSION:We recommend the use of helmets to prevent head injuries caused by tornadoes and suggest prioritising the treatment of high-risk head and multiple-organ injuries. Additionally, medical rescuers should follow the 'same quality and different quantity' principle: the injured in all affected areas should receive equal attention, but numbers of medical personnel should be allocated based on the level of effects from the tornado.

目的 解决目前我军在各类行动中复杂伤情信息收集不全,资料繁杂不利于信息化处理的问题;弥补救护技术与不同的伤情不能准确相互对应,一线卫生救护人员不能完全遵循统一的标准采取精准高效的战救措施的缺陷;纠正现存的行动后统计伤情不规范现状,并扩展补充伤情统计信息. 方法 查阅国内外最新文献报告,研究主流编码方法及其不足,应用德尔菲法,经过多轮专家咨询,用于演习数据采集,修改后定稿,并设计适用我军的伤病谱结构及编码方法. 结果 建立了涉及9个部分,涵盖伤部、伤类、伤型/疾病、并发症、伤势、AIS/ISS评分、编码、百分比、处置规范的平时、战时、非战争军事行动三维理念伤病谱结构及其编码方法技术体系. 结论 适宜统一的伤病谱结构及其编码方法,有利于伤情信息电子化合成及其后期统计分析,也有利于不同数据间横向纵向比较,统计结果差异小.本研究提高了卫勤资源配置效率,为一线卫生救护人员提供了精准有效救治标准,涵盖平时、战时、非战争军事行动损伤三个维度.

PTSD is considered the most common negative psychological reactions among survivors following an earthquake. The present study sought to find out the determinants of PTSD in earthquake survivors using a systematic meta-analysis. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycInfo) were used to search for observational studies about PTSD following earthquakes. The literature search, study selection, and data extraction were conducted independently by two authors. 52 articles were included in the study. Summary estimates, subgroup analysis, and publication bias tests were performed on the data. The prevalence of PTSD after earthquakes ranged from 4.10% to 67.07% in adults and from 2.50% to 60.00% in children. For adults, the significant predictors were being female, low education level or socio-economic status, prior trauma; being trapped, experiencing fear, injury, or bereavement during the disaster. For children, the significant predictors were being older age, high education level; being trapped, experiencing fear, injury, or bereavement, witnessing injury/death during the earthquakes. Our study provides implications for the understanding of risk factors for PTSD among earthquake survivors. Post-disaster mental health recovery programs that include early identification, on-going monitoring, and sustained psychosocial support are needed for earthquake survivors.