The application of bio-oil is possible by increasing quality of bio-oil and adds its durability. Pyrolysis of biomass along with some proportions of plastic waste increases the quality of bio-oil and is termed fuel-oil. On the basis of characterization of Mixed plastic wastes (HDBE; PP; LDBE) and li

Bio-oil, a liquid product obtained from pyrolysis of solid biomass, can be used as a sustainable feedstock for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals. Sawdust was used as the feedstock for obtaining bio-oil in conical spouted bed reactor through fast pyrolysis. Liquid-liquid extraction method was used to separate the bio-oil into different chemical groups by their polarities to stabilize bio-oil and improve the quality. Similar oxygen-containing functional groups were present in water and solvent phase of the separated bio-oil. Chloroform, hexane, and petroleum ether were used for the extraction of chemicals from the sawdust bio-oil through liquid-liquid extraction. The solvent phase had high concentrations of organic compounds. With chloroform extraction solvent, 65.89%(w) of organics in water phase were extracted.

Pyrolysis characteristics, thermal properties and kinetics of redgram stalk were studied for effective energy generation through pyrolysis process. Thermogravimetric experiments were carried out at five heating rates (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 °C min−1) and particle sizes (<0.2, 0.2–0.5, 0.5–1, 1–1.5 and 1.5–2 mm). Effect of particle size on functional, morphological and structural characteristics of biochar were studied. The activation energy of redgram stalk was calculated by KAS and FWO methods and was in the range of 132.16–175.76 kJ mol−1 and 113.12–152.53 kJ mol−1. Sestak and Berggren's model revealed that the redgram stalk pyrolysis was dominated by diffusion mechanism. Thermodynamic analysis (ΔG, ΔH, ΔS) indicated the endothermic and non-spontaneous nature of the redgram stalk pyrolysis. Characterization of biochar revealed the well-defined pore structure, progressive stacking of graphene sheets and the formation of aromatic crystallites in smallest particle biochar. The kinetic results and biochar characteristics elucidate the feasibility of redgram stalk for energy and environmental applications.

Biofuels and chemicals can be produced from the lignocellulosic biomass would be promising platform in the upcoming decades. The maize cob is selected as lignocellulosic biomass to synthesis chemicals. The maize cob treated with meagre concentration of dilute sulfuric acid (H2SO4) dehydrated with Tetrahydrofuran (THF) co-solvent and water in the ratio of 1:1 results with furfural formation. The maize cob sample acid catalysed dehydration process at 1, 2.5, 5 and 10% dilute H2SO4 is substantial for sugar compounds production, these compounds can be further fermented to produce liquid fuels viz., bioethanol, biobutanol in an efficient manner. The maize cob treated with 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75% of dilute H2SO4 dehydrated with THF co-solvent and water (1:1) results with furfural formation and highest concentration was found in 0.5% acid catalyzed. The furfurals obtained can be downstream processed to recover and can be used as fuel precursor.

Tar reduction is a major technical challenge which needs to be addressed in biomass gasifier systems. This study presents an experimental evaluation of dual air supply downdraft gasifier with respect to better producer gas quality in terms of reduced tar and particulate content. Experiments were conducted by varying the secondary air flow from 15 to 30 % at constant equivalence ratio of 0.4. The secondary air flow was optimized at 25 % with tar content of 241 mg Nm-3 and lower calorific value of 4.51 MJ Nm-3. The dual air supply in the gasifier allowed a reduction of 79 % tar content as a result of partial oxidation of volatile compounds in the pyrolysis zone.