Article1 June 1961A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VASCULAR RESPONSES TO THE INTRA-ARTERIAL AND INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF VARIOUS VASODILATOR AGENTSWALTER REDISCH, M.D., F.A.C.P., KURT DE CRINIS, M.D., J. MURRAY STEELE, M.D.WALTER REDISCH, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, KURT DE CRINIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. MURRAY STEELE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-54-6-1117 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe management of an occlusion of an artery to an extremity has remained a major problem in spite of certain advances made in this field. Several technics for restoration of primary circulation by surgical means to a limb which has lost its mainline arterial supply have been developed. Technics available at present are arteriectomy with insertion of a graft,1bypass without arteriectomy,2endarteriectomy,3and various modifications of these procedures. Since there are limitations to the applicability and ultimate efficiency of these surgical methods,4-7efforts to promote the development of collateral circulation have continued. Surgical methods designed to enhance collateral circulation...Bibliography1. ElkinCooper PCFW: Surgical treatment of insidious thrombosis: 10 cases. Amer. Surg. 130: 417, 1949. Google Scholar2. Deterling RA: Experience with permanent by-pass grafts in treatment of occlusive arterial disease. Arch. Surg. 76: 247, 1958. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. CannonBarkerKawakami JAWFIG: Femoral-popliteal endarteriectomy in the treatment of obliterative atherosclerotic disease. Surgery 43: 76, 1958. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. HumphriesDe WolfeLe Fevre AWVGFA: Major arterial grafting in one hundred sixty-nine consecutive cases: preliminary report on incidence of success and failure. Arch. Surg. 74: 65, 1957. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. SzilagyiMcDonaldSmithWhitcomb DERTRFJG: Biologic fate of human arterial hemografts. Arch. Surg. 75: 506, 1957. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. De BakeyCrawfordCooleyMorris MEESDAGC: Surgical consideration of occlusive disease of abdominal aorta and iliac and femoral arteries: analysis of 803 cases. Ann. Surg. 148: 306, 1958. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. RedischTangcoSaunders WFFRL, in Peripheral circulation in health and disease, Grune and Stratton, New York, 1957, pp. 77-80. Google Scholar8. LericheStricker RP, in L'arteriectomie dans les arterites obliterante. Masson et Cie, Paris, 1933. Google Scholar9. Shnayerson N: Arteriectomy for arterial obstruction in the extremities. Geriatrics 6: 12, 1951. MedlineGoogle Scholar10. Smithwick RH: Lumbar sympathectomy in the treatment of obliterative vascular disease of the lower extremity. Surgery 42: 567, 1957. MedlineGoogle Scholar11. Seldon TH: Regional anesthetic procedures around the vertebral column. Anesthesiology 2: 669, 1941. CrossrefGoogle Scholar12. NelsonTrimble ARIR: Critique on the therapeutic value of lumbar sympathectomy. Surgery 39: 797, 1956. MedlineGoogle Scholar13. Warren R: The diagnosis and treatment of chronic obliterative arterial disease of the extremities. Practitioner 175: 248, 1955. MedlineGoogle Scholar14. SteeleRedisch JMW: Use of drugs in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease. J. Chron. Dis. 4: 327, 1956. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar15. AllenBarkerHines EVNWEA: Peripheral vascular disease. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1946, pp. 703-705. Google Scholar16. RoseEbel OAA: Intra-arterial vasodilator agents in treatment of advanced occlusive arterial disease of extremities. J. Amer. Geriat. Soc. 4: 142, 1956. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar17. Mufson I: Peripheral vascular diseases and their cure. J. A. M. A. 155: 1559, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar18. RedischWertheimerDe LisleSteele WLCJM: Comparison of various vascular beds in man. Their responses to a single vasodilator stimulus. Circulation 9: 63, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar19. WertheimerRedischHirschhornSteele LWKJM: Pattern of surface temperature response to various agents. Circulation 11: 110, 1955. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar20. FletcherHallShaub ESJFHG: The skin temperature of an extremity as a measure of its blood flow. Science 110: 422, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WALTER REDISCH, M.D., F.A.C.P.; KURT DE CRINIS, M.D.; J. MURRAY STEELE, M.D.Affiliations: New York, N. Y.*Received for publication August 5, 1960.From New York University Research Service, Goldwater Memorial Hospital, and Department of Medicine, New York University College of Medicine, New York, N. Y.†Supported in part by U. S. Public Health Service Grant H-3097, New York University Research Service Vascular Research Fund.Requests for reprints should be addressed to J. Murray Steele, M.D., Research Service, Third New York University Medical Division, The Goldwater Memorial Hospital, Welfare Island, New York 17, N. Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byIntra-Arterial Infusion of Prostaglandin E 1 in Normal Subjects and Patients with Peripheral Arterial DiseaseComparison of the Vasodilating Effect of Tolazoline After Intra-Arterial and Intravenous AdministrationReferencesFailure of Vasodilator Drugs in Arteriosclerosis ObliteransJAY D. COFFMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P., JOHN A. MANNICK, M.D.The Effects of Dichloroisoproterenol, Nylidrin, and Placebo on Peripheral Blood Flow 1 June 1961Volume 54, Issue 6Page: 1117-1124KeywordsArteriesBlood plasmaHospital medicineMedical servicesNiacinResearch fundingVascular medicineVasodilationVasodilators ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...

Article1 May 1960VASCULAR RESPONSES TO SMOKING TOBACCO COMPARED WITH RESPONSES TO SKIN TESTING OF TOBACCO EXTRACTSKURT DE CRINIS, M.D., WALTER REDISCH, M.D., F.A.C.P., VINCENT FONTANA, M.D., ARTHUR LEWIS, M.D., MARION B. SULZBERGER, M.D., F.A.C.P., J. MURRAY STEELE, M.D.KURT DE CRINIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WALTER REDISCH, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, VINCENT FONTANA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ARTHUR LEWIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MARION B. SULZBERGER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, J. MURRAY STEELE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-52-5-1035 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptINTRODUCTIONThere has been considerable interest for many years in vasomotor responses to nicotine and to the smoking (or chewing) of tobacco. There is almost complete agreement that smoking usually produces transient adrenergic stimulation via the sympathetic nervous system, followed by depression of sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia.1-5 Vasoconstrictor response to tobacco smoking could not be found in sympathectomized limbs6 by the technic of toe plethysmography, which records practically skin flow only.It has been fairly well established over the years that, in a certain percentage of subjects, smoking of tobacco causes vasoconstriction of peripheral vessels, as indicated by decrease in...Bibliography1. EvansStewart WFHJ: The effect of smoking cigarettes on the peripheral blood flow, Am. Heart J. 26: 78, 1943. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. HaggardGreenberg WHLA: The effect of cigarette smoking on the blood sugar, Science 79: 165, 1934. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. RothMacDonaldSheard GMJBC: The effect of smoking cigarettes and of intravenous administration of nicotine on the ECG, basal metabolic rate, cutaneous temperature, blood pressure and pulse rate of normal persons, J. A. M. A. 125: 761 (July 15) 1944. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. BargeronEhmkeGonlubolCastellanoSiegelBing LMDFAARJ: Effect of cigarette smoking on coronary blood flow and myocardial metabolism, Circulation 15: 251, 1957. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. AbramsonZazeelaOppenheimer DIHBS: Plethysmographic studies of peripheral blood flow in man; effect of smoking upon vascular beds in hand, forearm and foot, Am. Heart J. 18: 290, 1939. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. RapaportFrankMassell SIHATB: The effect of smoking upon blood flow in the sympathectomized limb, Circulation 2: 850, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. Lampson RS: A quantitative study of the vasoconstriction induced by smoking, J. A. M. A. 104: 1963, 1935. CrossrefGoogle Scholar8. BruceMillerHooker JWJRDR: The effect of smoking upon the blood pressure and upon the volume of the hand, Am. J. Physiol. 24: 104, 1909. CrossrefGoogle Scholar9. JohnsonShort HJJJ: The effect of smoking on the skin temperature, J. Lab. and Clin. Med. 19: 962, 1934. Google Scholar10. Barber NW: Vasoconstrictor effects of tobacco smoking, Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 8: 284, 1933. Google Scholar11. MaddockColler WGFA: Peripheral vasoconstriction by tobacco demonstrated by skin temperature changes, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 29: 487, 1932. CrossrefGoogle Scholar12. MoyerMaddock CAWG: Peripheral vasospasm from tobacco, Arch. Surg. 40: 277 (Feb.) 1940. CrossrefGoogle Scholar13. WrightMoffat ISD: The effects of tobacco on the peripheral vascular system, J. A. M. A. 103: 318, 1934. CrossrefGoogle Scholar14. Weatherby JH: Skin temperature changes caused by smoking and other sympathicomimetic stimuli, Am. Heart J. 24: 17, 1942. CrossrefGoogle Scholar15. Johnston LM: Tobacco smoking and nicotine, Lancet 2: 742, 1942. Google Scholar16. MulinosShulman MGI: The effects of cigarette smoking and deep breathing on the peripheral vascular system studied by 5 methods, Am. J. M. Sc. 199: 708, 1940. CrossrefGoogle Scholar17. BoltonCarmichaelSturup BEAG: Vasoconstriction from deep inhalation of air, J. Physiol. 86: 83, 1936. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar18. FriedlanderSilbertBiermanLaskey MSWN: Differences in temperature of skin and muscle flow of the lower extremities following various procedures, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 38: 150, 1938. CrossrefGoogle Scholar19. RalliOppenheimer EPBS: Changes in the peripheral circulation accompanying tobacco angina, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 26: 9, 1928-1929. CrossrefGoogle Scholar20. FletcherHallShaub ESJFHG: The skin temperature of an extremity as a measure of its blood flow, Science 110: 422, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar21. Cooke RA: Allergy in theory and practice, 1947, W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, p. 517. Google Scholar22. Sulzberger MB: Recent immunologic experiments in tobacco hypersensitivity, Bull. New York Acad. Med. 9: 294, 1933. Google Scholar23. Green MA: Tobacco skin reactions in peripheral vascular disease and coronary artery disease, J. Invest. Dermat. 5: 179, 1942. CrossrefGoogle Scholar24. RomanoffRubin AB: personal communications in Cooke, R. A.: Allergy in theory and practice, 1947, W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, p. 367. Google Scholar25. TrasoffBlumsteinMarks AGM: Immunologic aspects of tobacco in thromboangiitis obliterans and coronary artery disease, J. Allergy 7: 250, 1936. CrossrefGoogle Scholar26. RedischWertheimerDelisleSteele WLEJM: Comparison of various vascular beds in man, Circulation 9: 63, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar27. Thomas CG: Cardio-vascular-pulmonary conference of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee, May 31-June 1, 1957. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N. Y.*Received for publication June 12, 1959.From the New York University Medical Research Division, Goldwater Memorial Hospital, and from the Departments of Medicine and Dermatology, New York University College of Medicine, New York, N. Y.†With the technical assistance of DOROTHY ANDREWS, B.S., New York, N. Y.‡This work was aided by a grant from The Tobacco Research Council.Requests for reprints should be addressed to J. Murray Steele, M.D., The Goldwater Memorial Hospital, Welfare Island, New York 17, N. Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1960Volume 52, Issue 5Page: 1035-1041KeywordsDermatologyElectrocardiographyHospital medicineNicotineSympathetic nervous systemVasoconstriction ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1960 PDF downloadLoading ...

The effects of administration of noradrenaline and serotonin on systemic arterial pressure, cardiac output, renal plasma flow and blood flow to the lower extremities in man were compared. Modification of vascular responses to these two substances by drug-induced hypotension were studied. The results failed to support the hypothesis that noradrenaline may play a major role in the mechanism of hypertension in human beings. On the other hand, blood flow responses after administration of catecholamine inhibitors as well as after use of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor strongly support the view that noradrenaline is one of the most potent physiologic peripheral vasoconstrictors in man.

Response of peripheral blood flow was studied in subjects of various age groups with and without vascular disease. Under constant environmental conditions, the skin-muscle distribution of total flow to the lower extremity showed the following trend. In young healthy adults the muscles get a somewhat higher share; in elderly persons without vascular disease the distribution is about equal; in patients with nongangrenous obliterative arteriosclerosis the skin is favored over the muscle. Exercise increases total flow in all groups, but does not alter the distribution. Sympathectomy does not seem to influence response to exercise.

Many current issues in evolutionary biology focus on social behaviour. These include the re-purposing of neuroendocrine systems and cell signalling during the asocial to social transition, the behavioural and evolutionary dynamics of interacting genomes, the resolution of intralocus conflict, nongenetic inheritance and buffering of environmental stress. Representative examples of parent and offspring physiology are discussed, with emphasis on social interaction. This proximate background is used to address current controversies in the study of social evolution. This review will suggest how insect families, which range from simple to highly eusocial, are amenable subjects for combining behavioural, physiological and molecular study to advance our understanding of the evolutionary process.

The phenomenon of fibrinolysis in thromboembolic disease is of great importance. In this communication the authors present striking evidence of fibrinolysis induced by drugs.

Reflex vascular responses to cooling were studied in subjects with neurologic disorders, with a younger and an elderly "normal" group being used for comparison. By and large the responses were mirror images of those described for the Gibbon-Landis procedure. It was demonstrated that normal reflex responses to cooling as well as to warming are dependent upon the integrity of sympathetic innervation.

Blood flow response to exercise was tested plethysmographically in 3 healthy subjects and 7 patients with non-gangrenous occlusive arterial disease of lower extremities, before and after intravenous administration of nylidrine hydrochloride, an adrenaline analog. Response in blood flow was significantly augmented after administratino of drug in all but one subject, who had severe bilateral frost bite. Since blood flow response to exercise takes place mostly in working skeletal muscles, it is concluded that the primary site of nylidrine action is in the vasculature of skeletal muscle. Nylidrine apparently enhances capacity of muscle vessels to respond to exercise.

Comparison of hemodynamic changes (cardiac output, renal plasma flow, and extremity blood flow) observed during reserpine-induced hypotension with those occurring during pentolinium-induced hypotension suggests better adaptation following reserpine. This difference is believed to be related to the gradation of onset of hypotension. It was found that reserpine-induced hypotension is potentiated by norepinephrine, and pentolinium-induced hypotension by serotonin. Pretreatment with the hypotensive agent increased the pressor response to norepinephrine and serotonin respectively, if the pressor substance was administered before the onset of hypotension.