This chapter contains section titled: The Relationship of Urinary Steroid Metabolites to Their Hormonal Precursors References Discussion

The steroid hormones in addition to their function in sex physiology have important roles in the regulation of carbohydrate, protein, and electrolyte metabolisms. Although abnormalities involving the steroids are known to be present in certain diseases, the exact role of these disturbances in the etiology and manifestations of these diseases has not been established, because, hitherto, the methods which have been available have not been satisfactory for exploring the details of steroid metabolism. In the course of a comprehensive study which has been in progress in the laboratories of the Memorial Hospital since 1940 (l-5), more adequate procedures have been developed and have been utilized in the investigation of the steroids excreted in the urine of human beings in health and in sickness. The results will be reported in a series of communications, of which this, the first, describes the methods developed for the isolation of the neutral steroids from urine and for their quantitative measurement. Subsequent reports will include the characterization of the ketosteroids isolated (6), the application of infra-red spectroscopy to their analysis and identification (7), and the descriptions of the qualitative and quantitative patterns of t.he steroids excreted by normal individuals and by patier1t.s with various disorders including neoplastic growth. Such comparisons have been made possible by the application of standardized procedures involving the methods herein described to the urine specimens of a large number of individuals.

The isolation from human urine of Ag-etiocholenolone (III) (Fig. 1) and Ag-androstenolone (IV), both derived by dehydration of the adrenocortical metabolites 11-hydroxyetiocholanolone (I) and 11-hydroxyandrosterone (II), is described in this report. Since the presence of ll-hydroxyetiocholanolone has been established in a very high proportion of patients with neoplastic disease and is very rarely found in normal subjects (5-8), this investigation has a very significant bearing on cancer. The presence of this unusual steroid could easily have been overlooked, were it not for the systematic application of the powerful tool afforded by infra-red spectrometry. The investigation, therefore, is reported as an application of a methodical procedure to the elucidation of the chemical structure of the compounds. The more purely clinical aspects of the problem have been published elsewhere (5-8). Infra-red spectrometry permits the positive identification of a compound by comparison of the spectrum with that of a known, pure substance (9, 10). For this purpose, it is not necessary that the substance be obtained in crystalline form, since, indeed, non-crystalline eluates from a chromatogram often show spectra identical with those obtaiqed from authentic samples. Prior to the use of infra-red spectrometry, it was necessary to depend upon the more usual criteria of identity, such as the constancy of properties after repeated chromatography, melting point of a pure sample and of mixtures, rotation, and the like, together with the preparation of suitable derivatives. By these means we, as well as others, have isolated and characterized a number of urinary steroids, including androsterone and etiocholanolone, two of the more abundant ketosteroids.

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ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleInfrared Absorption Spectra of Steroids. An AtlasJames L. JohnsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 17, 4755–4756Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1958https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01550a105RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views27Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (301 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Recent data based on isolation and quantitation of metabolites of adrenal hormones indicated that adrenal function was independent of chronologi- cal age (1).It was important, therefore, to study the capacity of older men to respond to adrenal stimulation and to compare the character of this response with that of younger men, since a prime characteristic of the adrenal gland is the capacity for quick and often large scale response.In a previous study based on the adrenal response to intramuscularly administered ACTH, Solomon and Shock (2) concluded that the ability of the adrenal cortex to secrete hormones of the 11, 17- oxygenated type was not grossly impaired in the aged.Pincus (3) was unable to detect a significant difference in adrenal responsiveness to ACTH between healthy young men and old men.The results obtained in this study, in which the individual metabolic products of adrenal cortical hormones were separated and identified, confirm and extend these general conclusions. METHODSFour normal male subjects were studied: the ages were 31, 32, 63, and 65 years.All lived on a metabolic ward during the course of the study, and metabolic bal- ance data on these men have been reported (4).The essential details of the study are as follows: a control pe-

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Infrared Absorption Spectra of the Steroid SapogeninsR. Norman Jones, E. Katzenellenbogen, and Konrad DobrinerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 1, 158–166Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01097a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01097a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

THIS investigation of the tissue distribution and metabolic fate of radioactive testosterone and progesterone in mice and rats was undertaken with the primary aim of determining by animal experimentation whether the administration of a hormone containing C14 would be a serious hazard to the animal and secondarily, with the hope that experiments with rodents might provide information helpful in the study of steroid hormone metabolism in man. These considerations restricted the experimental approach to a survey rather than a detailed analysis since our principal interest was the application of tracer studies to human steroid metabolism. The major portion of the experimental work was done therefore with testosterone since the fate of this hormone in humans has been more thoroughly investigated (Dorfman, 1948; Dobriner and Lieberman, 1950). The results obtained provide a decisive answer to the primary question since it is clear that the male hormone, testosterone, and the female hormone, progesterone,

This chapter contains section titled: References Discussion

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Δ20-Enol Acetates from 20-Ketosteroids1aHubert Vanderhaeghe, E. R. Katzenellenbogen, Konrad Dobriner, and T. F. GallagherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 11, 2810–2813Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01131a032RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (541 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

CancerVolume 3, Issue 5 p. 789-804 ArticleFree Access The carcinogenic action of benzidine Sophie Spitz M.D., Sophie Spitz M.D. Memorial Center for Cancer and Allied Diseases, and the National Aniline Division of the Allied Chemical and Dye CorporationSearch for more papers by this authorW. H. Maguigan D.PHIL., W. H. Maguigan D.PHIL. Memorial Center for Cancer and Allied Diseases, and the National Aniline Division of the Allied Chemical and Dye CorporationSearch for more papers by this authorKonrad Dobriner M.D., Konrad Dobriner M.D. Memorial Center for Cancer and Allied Diseases, and the National Aniline Division of the Allied Chemical and Dye CorporationSearch for more papers by this author Sophie Spitz M.D., Sophie Spitz M.D. Memorial Center for Cancer and Allied Diseases, and the National Aniline Division of the Allied Chemical and Dye CorporationSearch for more papers by this authorW. H. Maguigan D.PHIL., W. H. Maguigan D.PHIL. Memorial Center for Cancer and Allied Diseases, and the National Aniline Division of the Allied Chemical and Dye CorporationSearch for more papers by this authorKonrad Dobriner M.D., Konrad Dobriner M.D. Memorial Center for Cancer and Allied Diseases, and the National Aniline Division of the Allied Chemical and Dye CorporationSearch for more papers by this author First published: 1950 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(1950)3:5<789::AID-CNCR2820030505>3.0.CO;2-UCitations: 117AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume3, Issue51950Pages 789-804 ReferencesRelatedInformation