The impact of heavy metals and pesticides in our environment largely varies based on their chemical composition and the geographical conditions where they are present. This study assesses the variation in the concentration of heavy metals and pesticides in Kasaragod District, Kerala, Southern India. For the assessment, soil samples were collected from eight different locations of agricultural land during the three different seasons of 2017 and 2018. All the samples were tested for physicochemical characteristics, levels of heavy metals, and pesticides. The spatial distribution of trace metals and pesticides in the study area was performed by using the software Arc GIS, version 10.6. Significant variation in the physicochemical properties was observed during the different seasons. Similarly, the variation in the concentration of heavy metals in the soil ranged from 0.01 to 1018 μ g/kg. Among various heavy metals detected, aluminum (Al) was the most abundantly detected metal in the region of Malakallu, and cobalt (Co) was the scarcely detected metal in the region of Panathady. The average levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in the soil samples were from below detectable level (bdl) to 610 μ g/kg and bdl to 441 μ g/kg respectively. Thus, our study indicates the continuous occurrence and persistent nature of contaminants in the agricultural soil of Kasaragod. Therefore, periodic monitoring of soil contaminants is recommended in Kasaragod to assess its effect on the ecosystem and to develop an effective remediation strategy.

The extraordinary episode of the 2019 novel Corona-virus named as COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) has put various governments around the globe in a shaky position. The shortage of health care facilities to bear the COVID-19 has forced the countries to go with the hand of complete or partial lock down. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report 32.6 million cases has been recorded as on 26 September 2020. Corona-virus have its major influence on consumer buying behaviour which is going to change the consumers’ future hopping habits. This article highlights the change in consumer behaviour from physical store to online shopping. The present study was conducted during the month of July- August 2020, where questionnaires’ are formed and data collected using Google forms. Analysis of the data is made through Simple percentage method, ANOVA test, Chi square test and ranking method. After analysis it found that the majority holding 21-30 age group of customers prefer shopping while free shipping and their cart behaviour is also analysed for the same.

UG Scholar, Associate Professor Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Otthakalmandapam, Coimbatore, India. --------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract : A smart city enables the effective utilization of resources and better quality of services to the citizens. To provide services such as air quality management, weather monitoring and automation of homes and buildings in a smart city, the basic parameters are Carbon Mono Oxide, Carbon dioxide and the level of traffic. This paper presents a customized design of an Internet of Things (IoT) enabled environment monitoring system to monitor Carbon Mono Oxide, Carbon di-oxide and the level of the temperature. In this system, data will be sent from the transmitter node to the receiver node. The data received at the receiver node is monitored in Personal Computer (PC) through an IOT . The Internet of Things is a network of physical objects that consists of sensors, software and electronics which have the ability to communicate with each other as well as with users. It is rapidly evolving due to the convergence of information and communication technologies and the internet. One of the applications of Internet of Things (IoT) in the urban context is the smart city that promises to improve the quality and performance of urban services[1]. According to the world health organization (WHO), nine out of ten people breathe air with high levels of pollutants [2] .The services for which quality can be enhanced in a smart city are monitoring the strength of buildings, waste management, air quality management, weather monitoring, noise monitoring, energy consumption management and automation buildings. Among all the health risks air pollution is currently 3rd major cause of death in India. In south Asian child’s the average life span has being shortened by two and a half years due to air pollution [3].

Human resource development has been acknowledged to be a key factor in the process of economic growth, as the character and pace of economic and social development of any country are ultimately determined not by its capital of its material resources but by human resources. The abundant physical resources alone cannot benefit the growth of the country without human resources component, which transforms physical resources into productive resources. Human resource should also be looked after properly and continuously regarding various aspects like development and economic, social and psychological aspects. Public health facilities are allocated on the basis of primary health centers dispensaries through which preventive and primitive care is provided. India spends about 4.9 per cent of its GDP on health with the share of public expenditure fixed at 0.9 per cent compared to private is 4 per cent of private expenditure. The private healthcare is much larger and widespread than public health services. The improvement people in the health status been one of the major thrust areas for the social development programs of the country. Over the last five decades, India has built up vast health infrastructure and manpower at primary, secondary and tertiary care in government, voluntary and private sectors.

The present research is an inquiry into the welfare facilities provided and the job satisfaction experienced in LIC Corporation Salem Division. The study seeks to find out which dimensions in the welfare Measure inventory significantly influence the level of job satisfaction in LIC employees of the Salem Division. This article undertaken 300 samples and adopted disproportionate random sampling method & reviews the meaning of Welfare Measure, various determinant of Welfare measure. It is an important feature of industrial relations and is a vital ingredient in smooth employer-employee relations. The research will analyses the influence of personal variables such as age, education and experience on the job satisfaction of employees in LIC. The main objectives of the study are to evaluate the welfare activity practices in the public sector organization. Employers offer extra incentives in the form of employee welfare schemes on order to increase employee welfare and to make it possible to persuade workers to accept mechanization.

Electric energy consumption is the extent of energy or power used.This is the actual energy stipulate made on existing electricity supply.The biggest reason why it is important to be energy conscious and why to make every effort to conserve our electricity are conservation can save our money and Fossil fuels are not a clean source of energy either.Conservation of electrical energy can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Data mining is one of the effective methods to analyze the electricity consumption.Data mining is the process of discovering useful patterns from the database.Association rule and K-means clustering has widely used data mining technique to analyze the electricity consumption.

To assess the effects of exposure to pesticides in tea garden women workers, the present study evaluated the activities of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) as biomarkers of pesticide exposure and DNA damage by comet assay as a biomarker of genotoxicity in peripheral blood lymphocytes. We examined 143 women subjects including 77 women workers exposed to pesticide in tea garden (exposed) and 66 women subject with no history of occupational exposure to pesticides (non-exposed). The two groups had similar mean ages, BMI and personal habits. The results revealed that exposed group had lower activity of AChE (2.86 +/- 0.75 vs. 3.93 +/- 0.87 U/ml) BChE (2.02 +/- 0.74 vs. 2.60 +/- 0.74 U/ml, p < 0.001) than those of non-exposed group. The mean comet parameters such as tail length (TL), % DNA in tail, tail moment (TM) and olive tail moment (OTM) used to measure DNA damage were significantly elevated in exposed workers compared to non-exposed (p < 0.001). There was no variation observed in Cholinesterase (ChEs) activity and Comet assay parameter based on age, personal habits, years of exposure and use of personal protective equipments (PPEs) except BChE activity. The multiple regression analysis showed no association of confounding factors on end points measured except slight negative association of BMI with tail length. Therefore this study suggests that the workers in tea garden might have exposed to pesticide through their occupation on a regular interval. Although this study could able to associate it with their occupational exposure, the role of other DNA damaging factors cannot be ruled out. Our study finding indicate the necessity of periodic monitoring of these biomarkers along with imparting education and training to minimise the risk.

Air quality is used worldwide to confirm the current status of air pollution level and associated health risks to the public. Several air pollutants reach very high concentrations in many regions across India. In this study, air pollutants were measured in an urban city of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Southern India, during 2013 to 2014 based on season and location, and the influence of meteorological factors. Air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3) across eight locations including industrial, residential, traffic, and commercial areas were assessed. The results showed that PM10, PM2.5, and CO were the most serious pollutants and their average concentrations ranged from 65.5 to 98.6 μg/m3, 27.6 to 56.9 μg/m3, and 1.58 to 8.21 mg/m3, respectively, among various locations. Significantly higher concentration of air pollutants was recorded in industrial areas followed by traffic and commercial areas. Comparatively higher mean concentration of O3 (2.22 ± 0.75 μg/m3) and CO (7.73 ± 1.86 mg/m3) was recorded during the summer season, whereas the concentration of PM10 (80.3 ± 24.4 μg/m3), PM2.5 (45.1 ± 17.7 μg/m3), SO2 (7.86 ± 1.55 μg/m3), and NO2 (13 ± 1.81 μg/m3) was higher in southwest monsoon. Ozone (O3) and CO positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with relative humidity. The level of PM10, PM2.5, and CO concentrations exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) guidelines. The present study’s results emphasize the need of effective air pollution control in Coimbatore. Precautionary measures to be taken to avoid exposure of air pollutants to the public and minimize pollutants. This study further suggests an investigation on the adverse impact on human health and environment using appropriate risk analysis techniques.

In recent years, knowledge mining has become one of the effective tools for data analysis and information management systems. Educational sector is the recent research endeavors that make use of data mining algorithms. Prior works carried in data mining algorithms like J48 Decision Tree, Multilayer Perception, Naïve Bayes, and Sequential Minimal Optimization impose issues like the curse of dimensionality, cardinality and imbalance attributes. In this paper, we have proposed FA-Paired t-test method which is a novel knowledge discovery process to predict the performance of the instructors. The aim of the study is to find the factors that associated for the prediction of teaching quality. Thus, the contribution of the factor analysis method helps to find the relevant attributes from a set of attributes. Then, the selected attributes are fed as input to paired t-test model which find the associations between those linked attributes. The selected attributes are experimenting using SPSS modeler. Many attributes test for the performance evaluation. It is strongly found that content arrangement, delivery of speech, effective class hours and completion of the course helps to predict the quality of the teaching. In addition to, the proposed model is compared to prior two classifiers, named, J48DT and Naïve Bayes which shows our proposed method works better than other two classifiers in term of Attribute reduction and evaluation process.

Before Independence India was considered as a market for imported vehicles. In the 1950s the arrival of Tata Motors, Mahindra & Mahindra & Bajaj Auto led to steadily increasing vehicle production in India. In 1953 the government of India and the private sector launched efforts to create an automotive component manufacturing industry to supply to the automobile industry. By the end of 1970s, significant changes in the automobile industry were witnessed. Auto mobile sector has incredible potential in India. The domestic market is large and has the potential to grow further in the future due to high disposable income and positive current low penetration levels. After liberalization, the Indian Automotive industry has emerged as a ‘Sunrise sector’ in our economy. This study aims to identify the brand preference of consumers and the factors influencing towards sedan cars. Most of the consumers in the study area prefer the brand Maruthi. The major factors influencing the purchase decisions towards sedan cars are Design of the car and word of mouth communication, Technology and durability, Feature and money value, Brand and services.

The main objective of this study is to focus on the removal of colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the secondary treated effluent (SE) and reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate, using Fenton oxidation as an advanced oxidation process. In order to identify the feasibility and economics, the experiments were conducted in these two streams of the textilebased effluent treatment plant. In this study, COD and colour removal efficiencies were observed as 75% and 94% in the SE and 85% and 99% in the RO concentrate respectively. After comparing the operating cost between these two streams, treating of SE with Fenton oxidation was found to be an economical, sustainable option for removing the colour and COD from the SE. This option will improve the performance of membrane filtration systems in effluent treatment plants that are based on zero liquid discharge.

Surface and groundwater samples were collected from the Stanley reservoir and its vicinity for two seasons (pre-monsoon and monsoon) and analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics. Variations between surface and groundwater and between pre monsoon and monsoon samples could be discerned through the studied parameters, signifying the roles of rainfall, and solute processes. Superimposed on these natural phenomena, elevated levels of chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand indicative of high organic load in surface water and higher Cl and F contents in surface and groundwater as a result of anthropogenic inputs were observed. These results signify that, despite the dilutions from rainfall and potential percolation from large reservoir, the anthropogenic perturbations, mainly emanating from point and non-point sources contaminate the surface and groundwater resources.

The thoughts and feelings of Indian consumers have undergone a key transformation over the last few years. The Indian consumer today wants to lead a life full of luxury and ease. Particularly, the Indian middle class has provided a big boost to the consumer culture during the recent past and it is hoped that their buying behaviour will continue to change in the coming future. This paper examines how the marketing variables of price, brand name and product attributes affect consumers? purchase decision processes and inferences about products. The products of refrigerator and washing machine from white goods category have been chosen for the study, because in most of the families, refrigerator and washing machines have become as an important inseparable product for doing their regular household works. The sample size was 354 and the consumers located in rural, semi urban and urban areas of Erode District, Tamilnadu have been selected for the study using non-probability convenient sampling method. The authors have collected the data through interview schedule. Cross tabs were used to find the frequencies. To know the difference in satisfaction level about the products, one way ANOVA tests were applied. The cluster approach has been used to group the respondents based on their buying pattern.

Mettur an industrial town is located in Salem district of Tamil Nadu, India.The major industries, namely; Chemplast, The Madras Aluminum Company and Mettur Thermal Power Plant are located in Mettur town.In addition, several chemical industries are situated on the banks of the River Cauvery as part of Small Industries Development Corporation (SIDCO) industrial estate.With this background, the present study attempts to investigate the usefulness of multivariate statistical analysis for the assessment of complex data sets to get better information about an influence of various parameters on groundwater chemistry and heavy metal concentrations.Groundwater samples were collected during pre-monsoon (June 2013) and post-monsoon (February 2014) seasons and analysed for heavy metals and other hydro chemical characteristics.The results of the multivariate statistical analysis show that the sampling site have different characteristics in terms of heavy metals studied and indicate that each region receives pollution from different sources.The high level of some of the heavy metals and hydrochemical recorded in certain pollution packets ultimately implies an alarming situation in the viewpoint of health risk.The notable differences in the quality of groundwater between the sampling sites indicate possible land use influences.

Environmental and biological monitoring was conducted to measure the Total Suspended Particulate Matter (TSPM), SO2, NOx and 1-OHP among foundry workers. Among the various sampling locations melting (2466 μg/m3) and fettling (2951 μg/m3) recorded higher concentration of TSPM. The concentration of NOx and SO2 ranged between 288– 352 μg/m3 and 3.11-10.97μg/m3, respectively. Among the various heavy metals analysed, the concentration of zinc and nickel was the maximum. Although the environmental monitoring study shows rarely higher values, many of the sampling was less than the recommended limits. Biological monitoring was conducted to measure the urinary 1- Hydroxypyrene and know the exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon especially pyrene. The concentration of 1-OHP ranged from 0.01 to 0.21 μg/ml of urine. The results obtained in the foundries showed that the workers are exposed to particulate matter and other pollutants including polycyclic aromatic compounds. This study highlights the risk factor and other occupational related health issues and possibilities of health risk in the long run. Keywords: Foundry workers, heavy metals, urinary biomarkers, 1-Hydroxypyrene

Ambient particulate matter (PM) collected in the vicinity of five industries (Cement, Chemical, Thermal power plant, Sponge-iron and Steel) in Tamil Nadu state, India was characterized for size distribution, metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content. Genotoxicity of PM and organic matter (OM) extracted from PM was measured in human lung cancer cell-line, A549 and in human liver carcinoma cell-line, HepG2, respectively, using the comet assay. PM values varied from 57.0 μg/m(3) of air at Cement industry upstream to 561.0 μg/m(3) of air at Sponge iron industry downstream samples. Their metal content varied from 5.758 μg/m(3) of air at Chemical industry to 46.144 μg/m(3) of air at Sponge iron industry and PAH concentration varied from 0.5 ng/m(3) air in upstream Thermal power plant to 3302.4 ng/m(3) air in downstream Sponge iron industry samples. While all PM samples induced DNA strand breaks at higher dose levels, downstream samples of Steel and Sponge iron industries which contained relatively higher concentrations of PAHs and metals and exhibited higher levels of pro-oxidant activity as measured by DTT activity induced significantly higher levels of DNA damage in HepG2 and A549 cells. Pretreatment of A549 cells with vitamin C or quercetin significantly reduced PM induced DNA strand breaks.

The concept of Green Development extends the idea of a simple greening of the existing economy. Entrepreneurship in recent times has become a serious area of study. It is considered to be a solution for creating wealth, generating employment and providing new goods and services. Incorporating social and environmental concerns into economic actions are dealing with responsibility of sustainable development for the future of business and meet the needs of future generations. For economic development of India, micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role. For sustainable industrial development, particularly of MSMEs, promotion and propelling of green entrepreneurships and green industrial development can go a long way in achieving efficiencies of production, generating employment and supporting in economic growth. In recent years especially in the course of mounting global economic and environmental crises, the discourse on sustainable economic and social models for green economy has been found and implemented in developed countries. In developing countries like India, it is important to create awareness about green economy and sustainable development through innovative technology and effective utilization of resources. This paper provides the concept of Green economy and approaches to Green economy.

Understanding the consumer attitude is an important part of the marketing process to realize the challeng- es faced by marketers in comprehending the consumers' mind. The marketers have to know why a buyer makes a purchase and the processes in the minds of the buyers which influence him or her in buying different products or services. Sales promotions are designed to have an immediate impact on sales. The main objective of this study is to find the impact of promotional schemes on consumer attitude and to find out the brand loyal consumers and also brand switchers of consumer home appliances only because of promotional offers. The methodology adopted for the study was descriptive research design. Sample size was 200. Statisti- cal tools such as percentage analysis, chi-square, ANOVA and Garrett's Ranking were used for analysis. The results indicate that what- ever attractive promotional schemes may be, BRAND NAME plays a dominant role in purchasing the home appliances. Maximum of the respondents have interest in some of the promotional schemes such as price discount, exchange scheme, warranty, etc.