Farmers must be prepared to face climate change risks to ensure sustainable maize production. This paper aimed to investigate maize farmers' preparedness against climate change risks in Saki-West Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods with 113 respondents through a questionnaire survey. The study found that respondents observed increasing rainfall (x̄=1.50) and temperature (x̄=133). Respondents primarily prepared for climate change by purchasing drought-resistant varieties and agrochemical inputs (x̄=3.27). The study found that farmers had difficulty in preparing for climate change due to a lack of access to extension agents (x̄=3.58), credit (x̄=3.47), and government policy (x̄=3.43). The multiple linear regression model found that participation in farmers' associations (β = -2.407, t=0.001) and access to extension agents (β = -4.645, t=0.002) were substantially associated with farmers' readiness for climate change risks. Therefore, improved extension services are recommended to the farmers.

This study investigated the use of weather forecast information (WFI) as an adaptation measure of climate change among maize farmers in Ido Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 120 respondents for this study. A questionnaire survey was used to obtain data, summarized and presented by using tables, frequency counts, percentages and means while Chi-square and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the relationships between variables. Results showed that the mean age, household size, farming experience, average annual income and farm size were 44.9 years, 8 people, 23.2 years, N692,583.3 and 5.0 ha respectively. Also, radio (95.8%) and fellow farmers (94.2%) were the key sources by which the respondents accessed weather forecast information. Half (50 %) of the respondents had a favourable perception towards WFI. Also, 55.8% of the respondents had high usage of WFI. However, its usage was impeded by poor agricultural extension service (=3.58), inadequate extension training on weather forecast (=3.42), lack of assistance in interpreting WFI (=3.40), inadequate electric power supply (=3.28), inadequate knowledge of WFI (=3.16), language barrier (=3.05) and untimeliness of WFI (=3.04). Statistically, there existed a significant association between the respondents’ land ownership and the utilisation of WFI (ꭓ2=13.218, p<0.01). Pearson correlation result revealed a significant relationship (p˂0.01) between maize farmers’ perception of WFI and its utilisation. (r=0.445, p<0.01). For improved adaptation to climate change in the study area, the study suggested an improved agricultural extension service to which could be achieved through the provision of climate field schools to improve farmers’ comprehension, interpretation, and utilisation of WFI.

In most parts of developing world, females are saddled with different roles they played in thehouseholds/ or communities. These roles impinge their capacity and ability to adapt toclimate change. This study examined the implications of gender roles on adaptation toclimate change and the livelihood options of male and female farmers in Ekiti and OgunStates, Nigeria. Employing a questionnaire survey, data were collected from 358 male and222 female farmers using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data obtained weredescriptively analysed. In terms of gender roles, more female farmers were mostly involved inproduction tasks and reproduction tasks while male farmers were more involved incommunity development tasks and politics. For livelihood activities, more male farmers wereinvolved in on-farm livelihood activities than female farmers, however, female farmersengaged more in off-farm livelihood activities than male farmers while more farmers wereinvolved in non-farm livelihood activities. This study thus recommends that climate changeinterventions should be gender-responsive considering the livelihood interest, constraints andmultiple roles of female farmers and that capacity building of female farmers shouldaccommodate labour-saving technologies, solar energy sources and borehole.

The study examined the impact of environmental clubs on secondary schools’ students with the aim of determining students’ awareness of environmental problems, knowledge and connectedness to nature. It is a cross-sectional survey. A structured, self-administered questionnaire was used. Seven (7) public schools were randomly selected for this study. A total of 457 students of public schools who were both members (313) and non-members (144) of environmental conservation clubs were surveyed in Akure. Data were analyzed descriptively while the hypothesis was tested with independent- test and simple linear regression. Level of awareness of environmental problems among the students was higher with members of environmental conservation clubs having a higher level of awareness than non-members. It also revealed that the respondents’ knowledge about nature was low and were more knowledgeable on the latest method of biodiversity conservation (297 respondents), State bird of Nigeria (265 respondents), and what is biodiversity (255). Members of environmental conservation clubs also had higher knowledge about nature than non-members. The respondents’ connectedness to nature was very high, members of conservation clubs had higher levels of connectedness to nature than non-members. The study suggests that students’ membership of environmental clubs impacts positively on their awareness of environmental problems, knowledge and connectedness to nature. It is recommended that the role of environmental clubs is made more relevant within the curriculum so as to empower students’ with skills to promote more environmental awareness, knowledge and connectedness to nature.

The ability to access, control and own adaptation resources is a critical factor in determining rural farmers’ adaptive potential and decision-making towards adaptation to climate change. This study investigated the effect of gender on farmers’ accessibility, control and ownership of climate change adaptation resources in Ogun and Ekiti States respectively, Nigeria. Three hundred and fifty eighty men (358) and (222) women farmers were randomly selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to obtain data and analysed with frequency counts, means, percentages, Chi-square. A positive and statistically significant association (P<0.05) existed between the gender of the respondents and their accessibility to adaptation resources, like hoe (χ2= 10.137), wheelbarrow (χ2=5.647), digger (χ2=11.982), sprayers (χ2=11.792), head pan (χ2=9.5599), education (χ2=22.359), grass plant (χ2=9..912), health-care (χ2=13.764), pesticides (χ2=6.391) inorganic fertilizer (χ2=7.876), transportation means (χ2=10.897), average annual income (χ2= 8.026), labour (χ2=12 .557), information (χ2=12.557), and medicinal plants (χ2=11.296). There existed a positive and statistically significant association (P<0.05) between the gender of the farmers and their control of adaptation resources like digger (χ2=14.630), sprayer (χ2=6.631), head pan (χ2=4.811), education (χ2=11.657) transportation (χ2=3.364) and average annual income (χ2=33.013). Also, there existed a positive and significant association (P<0.05) between the gender of the farmers and their ownership of adaptation resources like land (χ2=6.815), water (χ2-4.491), health-care (χ2= 2.088), labour (χ2= 5.992) and sources of information of climate change (χ2=3.595). As a result, gender-responsive intervention is necessary to strengthen men and women farmers' climate resilience and improve their adaptation capabilities through access to

The use of adaptation strategies remains the only approach to reduce and combat the effects posed by climate change all over the world. We explored the extent of usage of adaptation strategies by farmers in Ekiti and Ogun States. 358 men and 222 women farmers were surveyed using multi-stage procedure. We employed semi-structured questionnaire and focus group discussions to collect data from the respondents. The data were analysed descriptively and presented in percentages and frequency counts. The data were further subjected to Chisquare, Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation, t-test, multiple linear regression analysis and Explorative Factor Analysis (EFA). The findings revealed that the majority of men (99.7%) and women farmers (96.8%) perceived to adapt to climate change. Men (= 2.29) relative to women (= 2.33) used more on-farm adaptation strategies. The strongest determinant of usage of climate change adaptation strategies by men farmers was climate change adaptation barriers (t = 5.13, p < 0.01), while for women farmers, climate change experience (t = 7.42, p < 0.01) was the strongest determinant. The promotion of gender-sensitive approaches to climate change adaptation that cater for the needs of men and women farmers is highly essential to enhance adaptation among them.

The study aimed to understand local communities' perceptions of Nigeria National Parks and was conducted in ten per cent of the communities within 0-10km of park boundaries. Data were obtained from 10 per cent of the total household heads through questionnaire administration and were analysed with descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. A large percentage of the respondents were male; their median age was 42 years; 56.6 per cent had non-formal education; the median annual income was N7000 (US$ 43.75); and 86.9 per cent were farmers. The respondents had generally negative perceptions of park management over issues of strict protection, penalties, impact of existence of parks on their communities and exclusion from park management. Education (beta = 0.10, p<0.01), income (beta = 0.12, p<0.01) and community distance from park boundary (beta = 0.31, p<0.01) were the best predictors of local communities' perceptions. There is an urgent need for a sustained policy on access to formal education in communities around Nigeria National Parks; for rural development policies that enhance income from farming and other non-farm alternative livelihood activities; for the sharing or recycling of revenue between the local communities and the parks; employment and infrastructural development; community involvement in park management and decision-making; and alternative dispute resolutions to ensure positive perceptions of the parks and other protected areas.

The study was on demographic and professional factors as predictors of communication satisfaction of Nigeria National Parks’ employees. It was conducted in the seven national parks in Nigeria. Data collection was through questionnaire administration. The questionnaire consisted of demographic factors of gender, age, and educational qualification; professional information such as work location, department, and work experience; and communication satisfaction items. Data was collected from 231 employees randomly selected from the estimated total number of employees (2000) in all the parks representing 11.6% of the total population. Data were presented descriptively and analysed with Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regression. Results indicated that the employees were satisfied with 4 items of communication satisfaction questionnaire (CSQ). There was significant relationship between education, department and work experience of the employees with communication satisfaction. Furthermore, education and department had the most significant relationships with communication satisfaction facets. Gender and education were the predictors of communication satisfaction with education being the strongest predictor. Efforts are required in improving communication satisfaction of the employees for enhancing operational and management efficiency of the organization since every individual within the organization is important to the fulfillment of organizational goals and objectives.