This paper evaluates the validated uncertainty in SEVA sensor by integrating fault detection, identification and reconstruction (FDIR) and reliability engineering. The impact of each fault mode on measurement quality is evaluated quantitatively by using a priori sensor reliability information to investigate the impact of incomplete fault coverage, FDIR and manual maintenance intervention. Bayesian probabilistic approach and uncertainty calculus are employed to model the impact of sensor validation on parameter uncertainty and to fuse the individual modes into a complete sensor model. A simulation of SEVA pressure sensor example illustrates the concept and conclusions.

Least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) combined with niche genetic algorithm (NGA) are proposed for nonlinear sensor dynamic modeling. Compared with neural networks, the LS-SVM can overcome the shortcomings of local minima and over fitting, and has higher generalization performance. The sharing function based niche genetic algorithm is used to select the LS-SVM parameters automatically. The effectiveness and reliability of this method are demonstrated in two examples. The results show that this approach can escape from the blindness of man-made choice of LS-SVM parameters. It is still effective even if the sensor dynamic model is highly nonlinear.

A new prototype of self-validating pressure sensor is described. The elastic body of the transducer is based on circular-flat diaphragm structure. Eight groups of strain gauges are distributed on the diaphragm. One group of metal strain gauge with little temperature drift is used as primary pressure sensor, the other seven groups of semiconductor strain gauges with high sensitivity are used as calibration references. Consistency checking is used to detect sensor fault. The outputs of self-validating pressure sensor including validated measurement value (VMV) of pressure, validated uncertainty (VU) of pressure and measurement value status (MVS) of pressure are calculated using the high consistency data. A new fault diagnosis method based on wavelet packet decomposition feature extraction and support vector machine multi-classification is used to identify six sensor fault status. A double DSPs system is implemented to acquire the output signal and complete self-validating methods. The experiment results show that the designed pressure sensor prototype implements the self-validating function. It can detect fault in real-time and identify sensor status with high accuracy.

Ternary solution with NaCl and sucrose is widely employed in the osmotic dehydration process of food. In this paper we present a multifunctional sensor capable of directly sensing temperature and two physical parameters of solutions, namely ultrasonic velocity and electrical conductivity. By combination measurement of these three measurable parameters, the concentrations of various components in ternary solution with NaCl and sucrose can be simultaneously determined. A regression algorithm based on natural cubic spline interpolation and the least squares method is developed to estimate the concentrations of NaCl and sucrose, which considers the temperature influence on the multifunctional sensor and then enables decoupling of the reconstruction of concentrations in 4D space into 3D space. This sensor could prove valuable as a process control sensor in food industry.

The main objective of this study is to propose a vibrating string-type multifunctional tactile sensor with a simple structure to analyze some properties of an object imitating an animal. antenna. It is characterized by. a small sensing area and moving measurement method. Three sensing functions are involved in the entire multifunctional sensing, and in each sensing function, a single property of a test object is obtained. By analyzing the output of the sensor, three material properties, that is, hard or soft, smooth or rough, and flat or curved surface can be obtained. Here, we discuss the design guideline for and the structure of the sensor, with deep inquiries into three measuring methods and experimental results.

A new three-dimensional tactile sensor has been developed imitating the human finger based on multifunctional sensing technology. This sensor consists of three coils and two mediums. A step-by-step method is used to realize the multifunctional sensing and in each step, a different quantity is sensed. The processing method in spherical coordinates is introduced to resolve the force vector. On the basis of the unique structure of the sensor and ingenious measurement methods, the authors realized the aim of testing more than one quantity, that is, the magnitude and two direction angles of the force vector, with a single sensor. Here, we discuss the design guideline for and the structure of the sensor, with in-depth studies of the step-by-step measurement method and the experimental results.

A cylindrical tactile sensor that can simultaneously measure a three-dimensional force based on multifunctional sensing technique is proposed. The central components of this sensor are two coils and a medium. A step-by-step method is used to realize multifunctional sensing, and in each step, a different physical quantity is sensed. On the basis of the unique structure of the sensor and ingenious measuring methods, the authors realize testing more than one physical quantity, that is, the magnitude and two direction angles of the contact force, with a single sensor. The paper discusses the design guideline for and the structure of the sensor, with deep inquiries into the step-by-step measuring method and experimental results.

A cylindrical tactile sensor that can measure three-dimensional applied force based on multifunctional sensing technique is proposed. The central components of this sensor are three coils and a dielectric medium. A step-by-step method is used to realize multifunctional sensing and in each step a different quantity is sensed according to a different sensing way. On the basis of the unique structure of the sensor and ingenious measuring methods, the authors realized the purpose to test more than one quantity, that is, the perpendicular force component, the magnitude and direction of the horizontal force component, with a single sensor. We herein discuss the design guideline for and the structure of the sensor, with deep inquiries into the step-by-step measuring method and experimental results.

Enormous kinds of sensors are now developing for the use of all fields of industry and social life. Each of them is traditionally utilized for one sensing purpose. We have been engaged, however, to study various kinds of multi-functional sensors. In this presentation, a multi-functional capacitance-type soft tactile sensor for the purpose of the discrimination of the, material surface conditions, the material softness and the material property, is introduced with good experimental results.

In this paper, a new sensor concept for developing a sensing system with the function of putting weight on a privacy protection of a monitored person is proposed, and then the new type of sensor based on the proposed concept was implemented. In this experiment, this sensor applied to a chair and the performance of this chair was tested. As a result, it was clarified that the possibility of the realization of the new type of sensing chair that can make the damage small if the data detected by this chair are stolen and analyzed were shown.

We propose a multi-functional cylindrical tactile sensor with a single structure to test the magnitude and direction of the contact force imitating the human finger. This sensor consists of two coils and two media. A step-by-step method is used to realize the multi-functional sensing objective and in each step, different quantity is sensed. Based on the special structure of the sensor and the ingenious measuring methods, we realized to test more than one quantity with a single sensor. A detailed analysis of the step-by-step method to the sensor is made.

Ternary solution with NaCl and sucrose is widely employed in osmotic dehydration process of food. This paper presents a multifunctional sensor being capable of directly sensing temperature and two physical parameters of solutions namely, ultrasonic velocity and electrical conductivity. Then the concentrations of various components in ternary solution with NaCl and sucrose can be simultaneously analyzed. A regression algorithm based on natural cubic spline interpolation and the least squares method is developed to estimate the concentrations of NaCl and sucrose, which performs the temperature compensation of the multifunctional sensor and decouples the estimations in 4D (four-dimensional) space into 3D (three-dimensional) space. This sensor could prove valuable as a process control sensor in food industry fields.

A new seat sensor with the multifunctional ability is proposed. The purpose of this sensor is to detect both a property of some test material put on the sensor and its weight. The sensor consists of a couple of metal comb-shaped thin plate electrodes and a plane foam rubber between the electrodes that is working as an intermediate. The structure of electrodes is the most important part in this sensor for realizing the multi functionality Experimental results based on the combination of several shaped electrodes are described, and recommended structure of electrodes and the related good experimental results are finally shown. As the application of this idea, an intelligent seat sensor for detecting the differences between a human and a baggage or between an adult and a child on the passenger seat of a car would be realized for protecting the child from the accident by an airbag.

In this study, we propose a multifunctional cylindrical tactile sensor structure to test the magnitude and direction of the contact force in the case of imitating the human finger. This sensor consists of two coils and two media. A step-by-step method is used to realize multifunctional sensing, and in each step, a different quantity is sensed. On the basis of the unique structure of the sensor and ingenious measuring methods, the authors realized testing of more than one quantity, that is, the magnitude and direction of the contact force, with a single sensor. A detailed analysis of the step-by-step method for the sensor is performed.

Ternary solution with NaCl and sucrose is widely employed in the osmotic dehydration process of food. In this paper we present a multifunctional sensor capable of directly sensing temperature and two physical parameters of solutions, namely ultrasonic velocity and electrical conductivity. By combination measurement of these three measurable parameters, the concentrations of various components in ternary solution with NaCl and sucrose can be simultaneously determined. A regression algorithm based on natural cubic spline interpolation and the least squares method is developed to estimate the concentrations of NaCl and sucrose, which considers the temperature influence on the multifunctional sensor and then enables decoupling of the reconstruction of concentrations in 4D space into 3D space. This sensor could prove valuable as a process control sensor in food industry.

In this paper, we describe a thermal-type tactile sensor modeled on the human skin to discriminate different materials on the basis of their thermal properties and to sense contact pressure on the basis of strain of the sensor. The transient thermal response of the sensor was simulated using a one-dimensional contact model of the sensor and the material. The simulation results indicated that material discrimination and contact pressure sensing were possible using two temperature changes of the sensor.

This paper presents a new multifunctional sensor with ultrasonic and capacitance functions capable of directly sensing four physical parameters of liquids, namely permittivity, conductivity, ultrasonic velocity, and attenuation coefficient. Moreover, more information could be acquired indirectly by combination measurement of these measurable parameters. As one application, simultaneously measuring concentration and temperature of a two-component dielectric solution is successfully performed.

The aim of this study is to apply a tactile sensor imitating the human hand to an engineering system. In this paper, a new structure of a multifunctional sensor is proposed. It is characterized by small sensing area and moving measurement method. A step-by-step method is used to realize the multifunctional sensing. In each step, different characteristics are sensed. By analyzing the outputs of the sensor, three material properties, i.e. metal or nonmetal, hard or soft, and curved or plane surface, and the environment temperature can be obtained. A detailed analysis of the step-by-step method to sensor is made.

This paper presents a non-contact U form multi-functional sensor for the oil pipeline flow measurement. Totally four thin and narrow copper plates, are twined on both sides of the sensor, from which two variables (capacitance, self inductance) are to be examined as the two functional outputs of the sensor, Thus, the liquid concentration (oil and water), temperature are finally evaluated. The flow velocity inside the pipeline could also be estimated by computing the cross correlation of the capacitance-pair. To restrain the effects of parasitic parameters and improve the dynamic response of the sensor, a proper shielding strategy is considered. A suitable algorithm for data reconstruction is also presented in the system design.

In this paper. we propose a new multifunctional sensing method by which the sound speed and impedance are measured using piezoelectric ceramics. An experiment was conducted to estimate the NaCl concentration and temperature by measuring the sound speed and conductivity using a pair of the piezoelectric ceramics. As a result, the usefulness of the proposed technique is demonstrated.