Reversible logic has gained popularity recently because it allows circuits to use significantly less power. Due to the inherent reversibility of quantum operation, there is enormous interest in designing and optimizing reversible circuits. In this work, a new gate named as transvidkan gate, Quantum Random Reversible Flip Flop, Sequence generator, and Build in Self-Test (BIST) has been proposed. Quantum Random Reversible Flip Flop (QRRFF) is an emerging technology that is used in a variety of apps that use modern security and encryption systems. For creating a random string, typical approaches combine an entropy source with an elimination or bit-generation system. Quantum computing reversible logic chips and Low-power design are emerging as intriguing research topics. A classical logic-based 8-bit reversible comparator is represented using existing reversible gates. This study provides a BIST-based architecture for a comparator design that reduces the garbage outputs, quantum cost, and constant inputs. According to simulation result, the proposed approach outperforms traditional methods in terms of hardware complexity and quantum cost.

This study utilized the DRASTIC approach combined with GIS technology to assess groundwater vulnerability and contamination risks in a research area. The DRASTIC simulation generated a risk assessment map, categorizing locations based on vulnerability levels. The analysis revealed varying vulnerability levels, with areas of significant industrial activity and high population density exhibiting elevated nitrate levels in nearby wells. The model’s outcomes were validated against field measurements of nitrate concentrations, demonstrating a high degree of consistency. The R-index technique was employed to assess sensitivity to nitrate contamination, identifying areas at greater risk. The study highlights the importance of considering hydrogeological characteristics and agricultural practices for groundwater protection and management. Overall, the DRASTIC approach proves valuable in assessing groundwater risks and informs decision-making for sustainable resource management.

The concrete industry is a major user of natural resources, which puts its sustainability in jeopardy. Considering this, this work explores how to partially replace fine aggregates in concrete production with waste glass cullets, thus addressing economic problems. With an emphasis on the M-20 mix, several weight percentages of leftover glass cullet—0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%—were used in place of fine aggregates. To assess the effectiveness of the replacement, these outcomes were then compared to those of traditional concrete. The results of this investigation validate the feasibility ofadding leftover glass cullet to replace some of the fine aggregates, up to 30% of the total weight, in the 0-1.18 mm particle size range. This not only highlights the possibility for resource optimization and waste minimization in construction procedures, but it also provides a workable answer to the sustainability issues facing the concrete sector. Stakeholders can transition to a more economically and environmentally viable paradigm in the manufacture of concrete by adopting such creative ideas. Furthermore, this study adds to the expanding corpus of studies supporting environmentally friendly building methods. It opens the door for more widespread adoption of environmentally friendly practices and promotes a more robust and environmentally friendly built environment by showcasing the viability and advantages of using waste materials in the concrete production process.

Concrete is the common extensively utilized man-made material in the world. Concrete plays an important role in our Infrastructure development that shows our status worldwide among the other nations. One of the difficulties that have arisen since the introduction of concrete structures in the building business is how to increase concrete strength while still being efficient and cost-effective. The use of novel materials in concrete will boost the strength of the concrete in a more significant way; one such development is High Strength Concrete.

The aim of this study was the modification of lovastatin by microbes to improve its potential. Actinobacteria exhibit staggering diversity in terms of their biosynthetic capability for specialized metabolites which has been traced back to the presence of specialized gene clusters. The objective of the study is to exploit the potential of Actinobacteria strain(s), which can biotransform lovastatin to simvastatin, which might be a more potent therapeutic agent than lovastatin. We have screened 40 Actinobacteria strains and assessed their biotransformation potential primarily through thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis, followed by high performance thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography analysis. One strain C7 (CTL S12) has been identified as a potential Actinobacteria that favored the simvastatin biotransformation. The morphological and biochemical analysis together with 16S rRNA sequencing coupled with phylogenetic analysis confirmed the ideal strain (C7) as Streptomyces carpaticus. Successively, the purified simvastatin from S. carpaticus was characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), infrared spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and HMG-CoA assay. In the LC-MS analysis, a peak at 419.24 m/z confirmed the elemental composition of simvastatin (C25 H39 O5 ). In HMG-CoA assay, the IC50 of simvastatin was 50 μg/ml, and the inhibitory potential was 1.36 times higher compared to that of lovastatin. Thus, the biotransformation of simvastatin from lovastatin by S. carpaticus is reported for the first time.

Abstract Nowadays, electronic systems are a significant part of human life. The sophistication and complexity of these systems increase with developing technology. These advancements, however, lead to an increase in power consumption, and reduction in area availability, causing issues related to microchip technology. This is where reversible logic helps in saving power and facilitating zero-power computation. It enables the development of various combinational circuits and sequential circuits. The modified gate diffusion input (MGDI) method is characterized as a new approach bearing a circuit design with a low-power digital combination. This technique lowers propagation latency, power consumption, and transistor size of digital circuits, while keeping the logic architecture simple. A comparison of performance between typical CMOS and different pass transistor logic design methodologies is obtainable. Examples of reversible logic gates are DOUBLE FEYNMAN gate, NOT gate, FEYNMAN gate, etc. This paper performs the transistor-level execution of certain primary reversible gates and discusses the results.

This paper gives a review on concrete by adding various types of steel fibre, glass fibre and recron fibre into the concrete and to make comparison of test results. The sudden application of the lateral load demands for a flexible structure which under goes large inelastic deformation during the load. One of the techniques to achieve the ductile structure by adding fibre in the concrete. The addition of the fibre can considerably improve the strength and ductility of structural components, resulting in a considerable energy absorption capacity. In this thesis, an experimental examination of the behaviour of internal beam-column joints under seismic circumstances is given according to IS: 13920–1993. RC, SFRC, HFRC-1, and HFRC-2 are the four internal beam column joint specimens in the experimental programme. The load bearing capacity, load–deflection behaviour, stiffness degradation factor, energy dissipation capacity, ductility factor, and cracking properties of internal beam column joints are investigated. Important inferences will be formed based on the experimental results, and the benefit of employing fibres in the beam column joint region will be well proven.

Delay is quite common in the construction project. A time overrun in any activity or operation affects the completion of the work, resulting in disagreements and lawsuits. As a result, it's critical to investigate and assess the causes of construction delays. This dissertation focuses on the investigation of key elements that makes delay and the analysis of day-to-day records to reduce delays. To solve this problem, we induced the collection of daily data on-site work, such as starting and finishing time, completed task, etc. These data are recorded in MS Project, which distinguishes between task and critical activity and the delays caused and reasons for the delays. The data were evaluated with MS Project, and the priority of the delay was predicted with SPSS software based on a ranking system.

Geopolymers are a new generation of inorganic polymers finding large potential in infrastructure applications. The present research article deals with the manufacture of innovative alkali activated bricks from municipal incinerated (MI) ash. The eco-sustainable alkali activated bricks are produced with fly ash and municipal incinerated ash as precursor materials with alkali activators such as sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. A comprehensive study has been performed to investigate the suitability of MI ash for geopolymer brick production. The mineralogical characterizations of the brick samples were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) techniques. The mechanical and durability performance of the innovative alkaline activated bricks are explored, and the results demonstrated that the possibility of using MI ash up to 40% contributed to good mechanical and durability properties in the bricks. The geopolymer brick from MI ash paves a way for a greener building product by abating their disposal problem and reducing carbon footprint remarkably.

Steel Slag (SS) is an industrial by product get from the steel manufacturing industries .It is produced in large quantities during the steel making operation which utilize electric arc furnaces .SS can also be produced by smelting iron ore in the basic oxygen furnace. SS can be used in construction industry as an aggregate in concrete by replacing natural aggregate. Natural aggregate are becoming increasingly scare and their production shipment is more difficult. SS is used for aggregate in hot as plat surface application. The majority of the aggregate is quantity of the concrete. Replacing all or a few of the natural aggregate with the SS will leads to some environmental benefits. For this present study M25 concrete is used. The one-sided substitute of the SS will be made for changing percentages, for example 0%,10%, 20%,30%,40%,50%. From this learn the compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength will be made experimentally also to find the optimal level of SS at a particular replacement of SS as natural aggregate.

The masonry construction plays a key role in all the sorts of buildings, in those, brick units occupy a major role. The main downside of the conventional bricks is temperature and fire resistance; to overcome such issues, the green composites bricks enhance their robustness like the temperature, chemical resistance, and minimizing the water absorbing capacity for this green brick with increased durability. The innovative green brick is manufactured by incorporating the by-products as M-sand, eco-sand, fly ash, coal ash, gypsum, and lime that are blended together to make the green bricks. The research article deals with the green brick prepared by using by-products as chief source materials. The innovative green brick is subjected at constant time and varying temperature and also constant temperature and varying time. In each cycle, the qualities of the bricks are examined, and the results are compared to the fly ash bricks. The mechanical properties of brick and several index properties are studied. The chemical resistances for the innovative green bricks also analyzed by immersing the specimen in NaCl, seawater, and Na2SO4. When compared to traditional brick, the mechanical qualities of the innovative green brick are determined to be superior, thus promoting effective utilization of industrial by-products.

Masonry blocks are the most common material in the construction industry due to their excellent properties in terms of strength and durability. The present article deals with the innovative Solid Block prepared using fly ash, coal ash, lime, olivine sand, granite powder, and crusher sand. Olivine sand is partially substituted for crusher sand and the properties of the Solid Blocks are studied. The properties of the Solid Block are inferred under various parameters and the results are compared with the Conventional Fly Ash Blocks (CFAB). Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy(EDS) were used to investigate the microstructural characteristics of olivine sand and Solid Block powder. The Green Solid Blocks (SB) are checked for properties like compressive strength, water absorption, weight density, Initial Rate of Absorption (IRA) and sorptivity properties. The chemical resistance behavior of the green Solid Block samples is evaluated. The properties of the green Solid Blocks are interpreted and the innovative green block are found to be greater compared with conventional fly ash Solid Blocks due to the inclusion of olivine sand, thus promoting a sustainable technology with industrial by products. The compressive strength of the solid block is enhanced up to a 15% utilization of olivine sand; beyond that, the compressive strength is gradually decreased.

Aim: The present research aims to simulate and compare the drain current of Ion Selective Field Effect Transistor (ISFET) and Extended Gate Field Effect Transistor (EGFET) for biosensor application by varying the length of the sensing area from 1 mu m to 0.0001cm and by keeping the other parameters as constant. Materials and Methods: Two nano biosensors were analyzed in which ISFET (N=20) was the sensing element in one biosensor and EGFET (N=20) was the sensing element in the second biosensor. The total number of samples for the two groups is 40, twenty each, and simulated using a nanoHUB simulation tool with a G-power of 80%. Results: From the nanoHUB simulation tool, the drain current for both the ISFET and EGFET were analyzed. The simulation results obtained from the biosensor provide the conductance with a significant drain current. The study has a significance value of p<0.05 i.e, (p=0.006) for hybridized mode and (p=0.009) for unhybridized mode. The ISFET gives a higher drain current (1.82574E-9mA, p<0.05) than EGFET (8.52684E-10mA, p<0.05). Conclusion: ISFET based nano biosensors show significantly higher performance than EGFET nano biosensors.

In this article, we see the limit of utilising different city solid waste streams as feedstock for effective power energy creation. These waste streams include ordinarily degradable waste, yet are not limited to mixed burnable waste, versatile and plastic waste, clinical waste with benefits, normal biodegradable waste, biomass, and sewage grime. Current advancements such as anaerobic dealing, gasification, and pyrolysis have been investigated in close proximity to the area and waste stream sums in the chosen test region.It was seen that there are run of the mill, social and monetary benefits in the waste to energy approach for the waste streams kept an eye out for. The reachability of executing such advances is, on an exceptionally fundamental level, dependent upon the fundamental capital hypothesis and the important cost of the work space. Various factors blend the size of the waste stream, the cost of things, and deals. The quick urbanisation and change in lifestyle has increased the waste weight and, as required, ruining loads on the metropolitan environment to unmanageable and upsetting degrees. This assessment revelation embraced existing to foster waste dumping fights are fully past their end and under unsanitary conditions, impelling defiling of water sources, augmentation of vectors of communicable contamination, foul smells and aromas, the appearance of disastrous metabolites, sedative environment and imperfection, etc.

The aim of the study is to design a high gain circular and rectangular microstrip patch antenna using 5G millimeter wave bands at a 3 GHz resonant frequency. Materials and methods: The circular patch antenna has been designed with FR4 substrate using dielectric constant 2.2 and thickness of the substrate is 3.18 mm. The sample size of the circular microstrip antenna and rectangular microstrip antenna is 10 each. There are 20 samples, and the pretest power is 80 % with a 0.05 error correction. Results: The gain of the circular patch antenna using innovative antenna design and FEKO Software is 10.0 dB when compared with the rectangular patch antenna of 5.0 dB. It is noteworthy that the two groups differ significantly, due to the fact that p is less than 0.05. Conclusion: The study found that circular patch antennas have a higher gain than rectangular patch antennas.

Amino acid-derived Schiff base complexes had been well explored as antimicrobial agents and the imidazole-based Heme oxygenase (HO) inhibitors were proposed as novel antimicrobial agents with a novel mechanism of action i.e. , inhibition of microbial-HO, an enzyme essential for microbial survival in the human host. In line with this, we have synthesized and characterized three novel L-Histidine-based Schiff base derivatives (HKA-1,2 and 3) as inhibitors of microbial-HO. All the compounds were confirmed to be non-hemolytic and possess microbial-HO inhibitory activity against the microbial-HO's tested. HKA1 showed good antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis (6.25 mu M), Escherichia coli (0.78 mu M), Candida albicans (3.125 mu M), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (0.78 mu M) whereas HKA-2 and HKA-3 showed good antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.125 mu M) and Staphylococcus aureus (0.78 mu M) respectively. According to molecular docking analysis, the HKA-1 with quinoline moiety showed better interaction with all the microbial HO's tested with a Glide Score extending from -9.71 to -5.51 Kcal/Mol whereas HKA-2 and HKA-3 with bi-phenyl moiety showed interaction with certain microbial-HO's with a Glide Score extending from -7.9 to -2.22 Kcal/Mol and -8.49 to -3.14 Kcal/Mol respectively. The formation of hydrogen bonds between ligand-protein interactions confirmed the stability of the complexes and the compounds reported in the present study could be used to treat drug-resistant pathogens.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The World is urbanizing in a very fast pace. UN-Habitat states that the more than half of the world's population, 54 percent in 2014, is projected to remain in cities by 2050, with the proportion rising to 66 percent. Unrivaled population development is a big problem that developing-country cities are grappling with, with the mushrooming of slums that dot the landscape serving as a conspicuous indication of this failure. The major population which is migrating for a better life from the rural area cannot afford a house in an urban area will finally lead to the formation of the illegal quarter settlements. The acute poverty and lack of the affordable housing contribute to the formation of slums. The slums are important for making communities more prosperous and livable. One of the main missions should be to liberate the region. Slums have long been one of the most significant influences impacting a city's livability. Continuous slum surveillance was unavoidable for a smart and healthy city to improve living standards and make slums more livable. 8 Main parameters considered for the formation of slum performance index. They are Basic infrastructures, Hygienic status, Access to Basic services, Housing status, Economy, Planning perspective, Connection with city networks and Performance of city administration towards slum eradication. Kochi city located in the state of Kerala in the southern part of India. Kochi, Kerala's commercial capital, is now feeling the effects of rapid urbanisation. According to the World Bank, Kochi is one of India's seventeen major industrial cities and a simple place to start a business. This decade saw major investment in the district, such as the Vallarpadam international container transportation terminal, the Kakkanad information park, the NES Terminal, the electronic hardware park, the special economic zone. The district in which Kochi city is located contributes the most to Kerala's GDP (14.47 percent). The Greater Cochin development area (GCDA) presently spread over an area of 730 sq. Km and having a slum population of 1.25 Lakhs as per RAY Expert opinions of 20 experts used. Maximum expert opinions were from academicians and urban planners. Maximum AHP weightage of 0.28 got for Basic infrastructures and a minimum of 0.5 for planning perspective.

Our earlier paper had established the fact that new soil fungi known as Cunninghamella blakesleeana is potent enough to produce lovastatin significantly. At present, there are no reports on the media optimization for the lovastatin production. Hence, the objective is to optimize the fermentation conditions for lovastatin production by Cunninghamella blakesleeana under Solid State fermentation (SSF) condition through screening the critical factors by one factor at a time and then, optimize the factors selected from screening using statistical approaches. SSF was carried using the pure culture of Cunninghamella blakesleeana KP780148.1 with wheat bran as substrate. Initial screening was performed for physical parameters, carbon sources and nitrogen sources and then optimized the selected parameters through PBD and BBD. Screening result indicated the optimum values of the analysed parameter for the maximal production of lovastatin by Cunninghamella blakesleeana were selected. Out of the nine factors MgSO 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , pH and Incubation period were found to influence the lovastatin production significantly after PBD. The optimal levels of these variables and the effect of their mutual interactions on lovastatin production were determined using BBD surface design. The optimum medium composition was found to be MgSO4(0.2 g/L), (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 (12.5 g/L), pH (6) and Incubation period (7 days). Experimental studies showed a yield of 7.39 mg/g at the above optimized conditions which were observed to be very nearby to the predicted value and hence the model was successfully validated. Hence, this is the first report on the optimization of critical parameters for lovastatin production by Cunninghamella blakesleeana .

The research examines the outcomes of shear and flexure testing on reinforced concrete beams made from steel and polypropylene fibre. As well as assessing the impact of fibre in this structural integrity with shear strengthening ratios, certain elements in the characteristics of the cement that is both new and hardened are presented. 14 square beams being put into practice. Tests were made. There were beams produced from 7 distinct mixing dimensions, depending on the kind and the fibre content. For each composite mix there were two beams: one with and the other without stirrups. The primary changes caused by the introduction of fibres were enhanced shear strength, rigidity (especially after the first breaking stage) and ductility. The characteristics of hard concrete (tensile strength, compressive strength and elasticity modules), longitudinal reinforcement concrete, stresses in stirrups, were other factors utilized for the analysis of performance (at the compression and web zone).