Carbon fiber (CF) holds promise for preparing thermal protection materials for extreme high-temperature applications. However, the performance of typical thermal protection materials composed of CF and ceramic coating remains inadequate mainly because of the low thermal conductivity and weak interfacial stability. Here, starting from the graphene fiber (GF) with thermal conductivity of similar to 1200 W m-1 K-1, we report highly thermally conductive and structurally stable graphene/titanium carbide fiber (GTF) with well-defined core-shell structure via a one-step molten salt synthesis approach. With an optimal shell thickness of 1 & micro;m, the single GTF exhibits a thermal conductivity of 745 W m-1 K-1 and excellent thermal shock resistance without interfacial failure, ensuring its durability for long-term service in extreme conditions. Moreover, GTF woven exhibits excellent ablation resistance. The mass ablation rate is as low as 0.3 mg s-1 after exposure to oxyhydrogen flame at 2200 degrees C. The excellent performance is attributed to the intrinsic high thermal conductivity of GF for rapid thermal dissipation and the full-scale fractal-like interlocking interfaces between the GF and carbide coating for sustaining local interface stress. This work paves the way for GF/ceramic composites as next-generation dredging thermal protection materials to satisfy extreme heat flux management and structural integrity.

In this study, the removal of RhB from water by furfural residue (FR) biochar was prepared by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and citric acid (CA) modification and named this biochar as CHFR (C refers to citric acid, H refers to hydrothermal carbonization and FR is furfural residue). The CHFR were characterized by SEM, FT-IR and XPS, and CHFR was investigated by the effects of initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, and contact time on the removal of RhB, and the experimental data were analyzed using the adsorption isotherm models, the adsorption kinetic models and thermodynamics, et al. The results showed that CHFR has strong adsorption performance, and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of RhB was 39.46 mg center dot g(-1) under the reaction conditions of pH3, the dosage of 1.5 g center dot L-1, and 120 min contact time, with a removal efficiency close to 100%. the adsorption of RhB by CHFR is spontaneous and endothermic, which is consistent with the Freundlich adsorption, and the isotherm model fits well with the pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption rate could still be as high as 92.74% after five regenerations, therefore, CHFR is an environmentally friendly and efficient adsorbent with excellent adsorption regeneration performance.

A new core–shell composite (GCS@CTA@MgFe-LDHs) was prepared to remove nitrate from water.