Objective To investigate the drug expenses burden, including traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine expenses, on hypertensive inpatients and if gender and age affect the drug expenses. Methods Data were derived from the medical record system according with the following requirements: from January 1, 2014 to October 30, 2015, 60 years old or older, diagnosed as hypertension. Drug expenses and some other information such as gender and age of each elderly hypertensive inpatient were collected simultaneously. Parameter test and Non-parameter test were utilized to analyze the drug expenses difference between male and female hypertensive inpatients, and in different age groups. Results Eighty-two percents of the drug expenses of elderly hypertensive inpatients came from Western medicine and the remaining drug expenses were from traditional Chinese medicine. Male hypertensive inpatients spent more money on traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine than female hypertensive inpatients (P<0.001). Hypertensive inpatients in different age groups spent different amounts of money on drug expenses, including both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine expenses (P<0.001). In generally, getting older resulted in more drug (traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine) expenses consumed by elderly hypertensive inpatients. Conclusion Being a male and getting older contribute to more drug expenses, including traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine expenses spent by hypertensive inpatients.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of Sanjin tablets in the treatment of urinary tract infection. METHODS: Retrieved from electronic databases and references literatures by on-line or manual way, RCTs about Sanjin tablets in the treatment of urinary tract infection were collected. Related data were obtained and analyzed with evidence-based medical software statistically. RESULTS: 1 046 patients in 13 studies with were included. Two studies showed that Sanjin tablets had better effect than amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and norfloxacin in the treatment of urinary tract infections. One study showed there was no significant difference in efficacy of Sanjin tablets and Modified juling tang. Other trials showed that there was no difference in efficacy between Sanjin tablets and Chinese herbal medicine, antibiotics. Three trials showed Sanjin tablets combined with Chinese herbal medicine or antibiotics had the same effect with antibiotics alone in the treatment of urinary tract infection. No severe ADR induced by Sanjin tablets was found in included studies. Funnel plot which assumed asymmetry indicated the existence of publication bias and unsatisfactory methodological quality. CONCLUSION: Few trials show efficacy of Sanjin tablets are better than antibiotics. Most of studies show that there is no significant difference between Sanjin tablets and antibiotics. At present no evidence indicate that efficacy of Sanjin tablet is superior to other drugs. The methodological quality of clinical trials of Sanjin tablets for urinary tract infections should be improved.

目的观察丹红注射液对血栓闭塞性脉管炎(TAO)患者的临床疗效。方法将40例TAO患者随机分为两组,治疗组静滴丹红注射液,对照组静滴丹参注射液。结果治疗后治疗组相关临床症状明显改善,临床有效率高于对照组,未发现明显不良反应。结论丹红注射液能改善缺血下肢血液循环,减轻伴随症状,促进炎症消退以及创面愈合,是治疗TAO的理想药物。

目的 观察早期康复联合依达托奉治疗急性脑出血患者的疗效.方法 将90例急性脑出血患者随机分为早期康复加依达拉奉治疗组(康复组)、依达拉奉组(药物组)和对照组,每组30例.对照组采用常规治疗,康复组与药物组在常规治疗的基础上,分别给予早期康复加依达拉奉治疗与依达拉奉治疗.治疗前、后行头颅CT检查,根据多田公式计算脑血肿、水肿的体积.神经功能缺损程度用欧洲卒中量表(ESS)评分,日常生活活动(ADL)能力用Barthel指数(BI)进行评分.对以上结果进行比较分析.结果 康复组、药物组脑血肿和脑水肿体积较对照组明显减少(P＜0.05或0.01),康复组神经功能缺损评分和BI评分优于药物组和对照组(P＜0.05或0.01).结论 早期康复联合依达拉奉治疗可明显促进脑出血患者脑血肿和脑水肿的吸收及神经功能康复,提高患者的ADL能力.

<正>周围血管病属疑难病症,病程绵长,患者生活质量差,预后欠佳。笔者在临床中采用中西医结合治疗该病,疗效满意。现举验案两则如下。

BACKGROUND AND AIM: To evaluate the protective effects of Huangqi on the damage of high glucose on vascular endothelial cell(VEC-304)in vitro.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The model of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(VEC-304) damage was induced by 50% glucose for 4 h.The cells were pretreated with three concentrations of Huangqi solution for 24 h,before they were exposed to glucose.MTT and protein levels in cells were determined after 4 h.The expression of VEGF was investigated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry methods.RESULTS: MTT and protein levels in cells of the normal control group amd Huangqi-treated groups were higher than in glucose-damaged group without huangqi(P<0.05).The expression of VEGF was inhibited by glucose.CONCLUSION: Huangqi could protect the damages of VEC-304 endothelial cells induced by high glucose.

Objective:This systematic review is conducted to explore the efficacy of CTM(TCM)in treating urate nephropathy.Methods:A computer and manual searched for randomized controlled trials in treating urate nephropathy patients with TCM,meta-analysis,and systematic review from internet electric databases and reference was performed.Results:A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria.A meta-analysis of these 8 studies(67%)involving 9 arms(75%)showed that CTM used alone or combined with other western medicine had significant benefit in urate nephropathy.Among these studies,Six CTMs(75%):Zishen decoction,Huashi xiezhuo quyu decoction,Jiangniaosuan decoction,Bushen huashi tongluo decoction,Huoxie xiezhuo decoction,Tongfang No.1 combined with western medicine had the effectiveness over western medicine.Three CTMs(60%):WeiCao capsule,Tongfong mixture,Tongfang No.1 showed benefit for urate nephropathy over western medicine.All of these studies were low quality studies.Funnel plot was asymmetry;it indicated presence of publication bias.Conclusion:Although some TCMs used alone or combined with other western medicine had therapeutic benefit in urate nephropathy in our studies,the evidence is not strong to recommend it for treatment of urate nephropathy due to the low quality studies.It is necessary to conduct rigorous well-designed clinical trials to evaluate their efficacy and safety for ruate nephropathy treatment.

BACKGROUND:Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) can inhibit the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but it is uncertain that TMP inhibit the growth and proliferation of HL-60 leukemic cells induced by VEGF.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of TMP on the proliferation of HL-60 leukemic cells induced by VEGF.DESIGN:Repetitive measurement and observation.SETTING:School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS:The experiment was carried out in the Molecular Biology Laboratory Center, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology from March to June in 2007. Human leukemic cell line HL-60 cells were purchased from Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology. TMP hydrochloride injection was produced by Wuxi Seventh Pharmaceutical Products Limited (Lot number:011014), protamine sulfate injection was produced by Shanghai First Biochemical Pharmaceuticals (Batch number:010302), and immunohistochemistry kit was purchased from Boster company.METHODS:①Human leukemic cell line HL-60 cells at log phase were used for the experiments. Cells were treated with 100 μg/L VEGF, and then TMP at final concentrations of 1.5, 15, 150 mg/L was added into culture medium. While the cells in medium without TMP were taken as blank control group, and the cells in medium with 20 mg/L protamine as positive control group. Meanwhile cells without treatment of VEGF were served as VEGF control group. After cells were incubated for 48 hours, the growth inhibiting rate of HL-60 cells was detected by MTT assay.②After HL-60 cells were treated with TMP at the final concentrations of 1.5, 15, 150 mg/L for 24 hours, the protein expression of VEGF in HL-60 cells was examined by SP immunohistochemistry.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Growth inhibiting rate of HL-60 cells.②Protein expression of VEGF.RESULTS:①Growth inhibiting rate of HL-60 cells:After HL-60 cells induced by VEGF were treated with 15 and 150 mg/L TMP, the absorbance value was significantly lower than that in VEGF control group (P < 0.05).②Protein expression of VEGF:After HL-60 cells were treated with TMP for 24 hours, the protein expression of VEGF was down-regulated with increasing TMP concentration in a dependent manner. Significant differences were observed in the protein expression of VEGF between cells treated by TMP and the controls (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:TMP can inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells stimulated by VEGF and down-regulate the expression of VEGF.

In order to investigate the antitumor effect and molecular mechanism of interferon-α (IFN-α) on human acute myeloid leukemia cell line U937 cells in vitro, the proliferation of U937 cells was determined by MTT assay, the apoptosis rate was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM), and the mRNA expression of cell cycle regulatory protein cyclin E was detected by RT-PCR. The results showed that IFN-α could inhibit the proliferation of U937 cells significantly in a dose-and time-dependent way (P<0.01), and induce the apoptosis of U937 cells also in a dose-and time-dependent manner at the concentration of 1000 4000 U/L (P<0.01). The apoptosis rate of U937 cells was even over 50% when cultured with IFN-for 36 48 h at the concentration of 2000 4000 U/L. Moreover, the expression of cyclin E mRNA was markedly inhibited by the addition of IFN-, and the inhibition was time-dependent (P<0.01). It was concluded that the anti-leukemia mechanism of IFN-α might be correlated with its antiproliferative and apoptotic inducing effects, and the down-regulation of the cyclin E expression might be one of its molecular mechanisms.

AIM:To conduct a review to explore the efficacy of Tong Xie Yao Fang (TXYF) in treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS:Computer-based and manual litera- ture searches from Internet databases and regis- ters of clinical trial databases and references,as well as related meetings were performed.Search strategy:randomized or quasi-randomized con- trolled trials for treating IBS patients with TXYF or TXYF with the addition of other traditional Chinese medicines (TXYFa),and controls treated with conventional medicines or a placebo,or with no treatment were included. RESULTS:A total of 31 studies with 32 arms met the inclusion criteria.Meta-analysis of these studies showed that TXYFa had beneficial effects for relieving IBS symptoms (RR:1.30,95%CI: 1.22-1.38,P<0.01).Compared with the controls, 23 (72%) showed that TXYFa had significant benefit for IBS treatment (P<0.05).Combining data from 11 studies showed a global improve- ment of symptoms in IBS (RR:1.31,95% CI: 1.23-1.40,P<0.01).Combining data from 20 studies showed that TXYFa was advantageous in diarrhea-predominant IBS (RR:1.33,95%CI: 1.21-1.45,P<0.01).However,all these studies were of low quality.Further,a funnel plot was asymmetric,indicating the presence of a publi- cation bias. CONCLUSION:Although TXFYa had therapeu- tic benefit in IBS in the studies evaluated,the evidence is not strong enough for it to be recom- mended as a treatment for IBS because of the low quality of the studies and the publication bias.It will be necessary to conduct rigorous well-designed clinical trials to evaluate the effi- cacy and safety of TXFYa as a treatment for IBS.

This study was aimed to investigate the anti-proliferation effect of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) on leukemic U937 cells and its mechanism. The U937 cells were given with various concentrations of IFN-alpha (500, 1 000, 2,000, 3,000 and 4,000 U/L) and at different time (0, 12, 24, 36, 48 hours), the inhibitory ratio was measured by MTT assay, apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry (FCM), the expression of cell cycle-associated cyclin E mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. The results showed that IFN-alpha (2,000 U/L) could cause apoptosis, after being treated by various concentrations of IFN-alpha, the growth of U937 cells was inhibited significantly, the apoptosis rate was 25.82% - 70.54% (P < 0.01), the cycle-associated cyclin E mRNA expression decreased, the growth of U937 cells was significantly inhibited, the suppression of U937 by IFN-alpha was both in time-and dose-dependent manner. It is concluded that IFN-alpha has apparent anti-proliferation and apoptosis-inducing effects on U937 cells. These results will provide strong laboratory evidence for IFN-alpha clinical application in leukemia therapy.

Objective:Histone deacetylase(HDAC1)shows a high expression in many cancer cells and TSA can inhibit it the growth of cancer cells. This paper was designed to investigate the expression of HDAC1 of K562 cell and the effect of TSA on their proliferation and apoptosis. Methods: K562 cells were treated with 100~400nmol/L TSA for 6~48h and the growth inhibition rates of K562 cells were measured by MTT. The expression of HDAC1on K562 cell were checked by mRNA、Western blot at 24h various concertrations(50~500nom/L).Results: TSA in selectively inhibite proliferation of K562 cell line in a dose and time dependent manner. Inhibit rate was 23.15%~76.63%(P0.01). of K562 cells The apoptosis rates were 14.38～61.18%by flow cytometery (FCM), the up regulation of HDAC1 expression was observed within 24h after the treatment in TSA by RT-PCR and Western blot. with the increase of concertration and the expression down regulation dose dependent. Conclusion:The expression of HDAC1 plays an important role in the proliferation and apoptosis of K562 cells, which is the inhibition effect of various concentration of TSA on K562 cells.

目的为了探寻促进胃动力的中药,探讨"胃动力中药"的药理,研究了木香、枳实等9种中药对鼠胃排空的影响.方法用半固糊灌胃称重法测距小鼠胃排空率残留指标.结果胃复安显著促进正常胃的排空;草果对正常胃的排空没有影响:枳实等8种中药则延缓正常胃的排空;实验还显示,党参不能改善吗啡所致胃排空抑制作用.结论提示这些中药没有直接促进胃动力的作用,同时也提示中药改善胃肠道症状不一定是促进胃动力的结果,而可能与改善胃的适应性弛缓或排除消化道内气体或促进消化液分泌有关,"胃动力中药"之称谓有待商讨.