This study investigates the seasonal shifts in phytoplankton communities in the Manyas Reservoir (Balıkesir, Turkey) and their relationships with key physicochemical variables. A total of 59 taxa belonging to Heterokontophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanobacteria, Euglenozoa, Charophyta and Miozoa were identified. The dominant species were Cyclotella meneghiniana, Fragilaria capucina, Nitzschia lorenziana, Navicula radiosa and Ulnaria acus from Heterokontophyta; Desmodesmus communis, Desmodesmus protuberans and Pediastrum simplex from Chlorophyta; and Trachelomonas volvocina from Euglenozoa. The analysis of the data clearly showed that electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate-nitrogen, total nitrogen (TN) and pH significantly shaped phytoplankton species distributions. The findings highlight the importance of hydrodynamics driving diatom dominance in turbulent zones contrary to the previous studies showing that high flow rates cause low diversity and abundance of phytoplankton in turbulent waters.

In this study, algal composition and some physical and chemical variablesof a shallow pond in the campus of Balikesir University, Balıkesir, Türkiye was studied between August 2023 and May 2024. Seasonal samples of epilithic, epiphytic, epipelic and planctonic algae were taken atthree stations (inlet, transition and deep zones). A total of 92 species were identified, 35 species belonged to the dominant Chlorophyta, 30 belonged to Heterokontophyta, 21 to Cyanobacteria, 2 to Charophyta, 2 to Euglenozoa, 1 to Miozoa and 1 to Cryptophyta groups. Chlorophyta made 38%, Heterocontophyta made 33%, Cyanobacteria made 23%, Charophyta made 2%, Euglenozoa made 2%, Miozoa made 1% and Cryptophyta made 1% of the total number of species. The results showed that Chlorophyta was the dominant and Heterocontophyta was the subdominant group. The most dominant species from Chlorophyta were Tetrabaena socialis (Dujardin) H.Nozaki & M.Itoh, in November 2023 and Ettlia pseudoalveolaris (T.R.Deason & H.C. Bold) J. Komárek in May 2024. The dominant species from the Heterocontophyta group were Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing in May 2024, Gomphonema gracile Ehrenberg emend van Heurck in Januaray 2024 and Nitzschia palea (Kützing) W.Smith in May 2024. The purpose of this study was to investigate the seasonal distribution of algae and some physical and chemical variables of the shallow Çağış Pond (Balıkesir, Türkiye).

The title of the proposal addresses to the provision of breeding rams and bucks for small ruminant farms and some test stations for practical uses. To provide breeding male animals free from diseases is one of the biggest problems of small ruminant farming. Farms that can not find suitable breeding male materials have to use the same rams or bucks for long periods of time and thus the herds have not reached the desired levels in terms of the yield and yield declines are the case. By establishing ram-buck provision and test stations, this problem could be solved to according to the expectations of the breeders to provide qualified rams. The main target in the establishment of these centers is to collect ram or buck candidate male offsprings through pre-selection methods from the farms where the breeders can not keep them in their herds due to economical hardships. After the tests, the selected convenient breeding candidates could be utilized in the breeding herds in natural or artificial insemination methods to meet the need for breeding male materials, where extensive breeding is in use and where recording systems have not yet been launched yet, and towards the roles of the Breeding Sheep and Goat Breeders’ Associations.

Ardıçtepe Reservoir (Balıkesir, Turkey) was sampled seasonally at three stations between October 2018 and August 2019 to determine the phytoplankton community dynamics in relation to water temperature, speciffic conductance (SC), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and Secchi disk depth. A total of 43 phytoplankton species were identified, 27 from Bacillariophyta, 4 from Charophyta, 6 from Chlorophyta, 5 from Cyanobacteria and 1 from Euglenozoa. Bacillariophyta made 76% total number of species, Cyanobacteria 11%, Chlorophyta 6%, Charophyta 4% and Euglenozoa 3%. Aulacoseria granulata, Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima, Cyclotella meneghiniana and Ulnaria ulna from Bacillariophyta and Anabaena circinalis from Cyanobacteria dominanted phytoplankton during the study. The CCA explained 90.8% of the cumulative variance in the relationships of dominant species-environment. The CCA also showed that water temperature, TDS, ORP and pH had significant effects on the phytoplankton community of Ardıçtepe Reservoir (Monte Carlo test, p 0.05)

The adoption of photovoltaic (PV) solar systems has been rapidly increasing due to their cost-effectiveness and easy installation. However, the non-linearity of PV panels can hinder their ability to provide maximum power output. To achieve optimal efficiency, it is crucial to track the control point based on irradiance and temperature values. This study proposes an analytical control method that employs the open circuit voltage to track the maximum power point of a PV panel that is connected to a DC microgrid via a DC-DC boost converter. The proposed model considers the temperature effect on both diode saturation current and current generated by irradiance for higher sensitivity. To validate the accuracy of the proposed model, the PV panel installed at the Technopark campus of Gazi University was used for experimentation. The performance indicators, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and R2, were calculated to assess the differences between the values calculated from the proposed model and those observed from the experiments. The results indicate an error value of 3.9% and a compatibility of 95.9% based on MAPE and R2, respectively. These findings demonstrate the success of the proposed model.

Akarsu ve durgun suların su kalitesinin belirlemesinde algler büyük önem arz ederler. Kille Çayı’nın planktonik alglerinin ekolojisini incelemek amacıyla Nisan ve Ekim 2019 tarihlerinde 2 istasyonda örnekleme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan bu araştırmada, Bacillariophytadan 32, Chlrophytadan 16 ve Cyanobacteriadan 6 olmak üzere toplamda 54 fitoplankton türü tespit edilmiştir. Su sıcaklığı (T) 13 ile 25°C, çözünmüş oksijen (ÇÖ) 3.55 ile 7.85 mgl-1, elektriksel iletkenlik (Eİ) 1346 ile 1631 μScm-1, pH 6.75 ile 7.84, nitrat azotu (NO3) 0.43 ile 0.86 mgl-1, toplam azot (TN) 1.9 ile 5.85 mgl-1, fosfat (PO4) 0.06 ile 0.08 mgl-1 ve toplam fosfor (TP) 0.06 ile 0.15 mgl-1 aralıklarında ölçülmüşlerdir. Bacillariophytadan Fragilaria capucina, Cymbella silesiaca, Gomphonema parvulum, Navicula subrhyncocephala, Navicula veneta, Chlorophytadan Cosmarium vexatum, Dictyosphaerium pulchellum, Tetrastrum komarekii, Cyanobacteriadan Aphanothece clathrata ve Chroococcus turgidus baskın türler olarak belirlenmiştir. Tespit edilen baskın fitoplankton türlerine göre Kille Çayı ötrofik karakterli bir su kütlesidir.

In real-time PV applications, it is a problem that the maximum benefit cannot be obtained from PV systems at all times due to the nonlinearity of the PV structure and the dynamic nature of meteorological conditions. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used to overcome this problem and to benefit from PV systems in the most efficient way. In this study, an MPPT method based on the perturb&observe (P&O) technique with nonlinear proportional-integral (NPI) control is proposed. In this method, the parameters of the NPI are adjusted with weighted mean of vectors (INFO) algorithm. Integral of time-weighted absolute error (ITAE) performance index is used for parameter setting, and control parameter behavior is added to the ITAE index to prevent control parameter noises. To validate the proposed method, it is compared with the classical PI control whose parameters are adjusted with the INFO algorithm. The proposed method exhibits 59% faster settling and 63% less overshoot in response to a pulse radiation change of 500W/m 2 . In addition, performance of the proposed method is 42% better according to the ITAE index. Consequently, it is confirmed that the proposed method is promising for future studies due to its simplicity, fast response, and these satisfactory results.

Süleyman Hatipoğlu Adana'da Milli Mücadele'nin Teşkilatlanması Ulvi Keser Milli Mücadele'de Adana ve Ermeni Doğu Lejyonu Fatih Sansar, Nejat Yaycıoglu Kendi Özel Arşivindeki Belgelere Göre Yaycıoğlu İbrahim Ağa ve Çukurova Kuva-İ Milliyesi Yusuf Ziya Bildirici İstiklal Harbinde Çukurova'da Yıkıcı Faaliyetler Ahmet Erdoğdu Milli Mücadelede Yeni Adana Gazetesi'nin Rolü Ali Bademci Türkistan'dan Çukurova'ya Üç Basmacı: Şir Muhammed - Nur Muhammed - Mirza Nefes İbrahim İslam İsmail Safa Özler (1885-1940), Adanalı Bir Fikir ve Siyaset Adamı Kemal Çelik Atatürk'e Yakın Bir Adanalı: Hasan Ferit Celal Güven Cengiz Şavkılı, Cansu Yigit Cumhuriyet Dönemi Seyhan (Adana) Milletvekillerinden Remzi Oğuz Arık Ve Siyasi Faaliyetleri Selçuk Ural, Muharrem Turp Adana'da Yerel Basın (1923-1965) Mehmet Ali Karaman 1925 Adana Pamuk Kongresi Ve Cumhuriyetin Kuruluş Dönemi Pamuk Politikaları Zafer Gölen Abdullalı Cevdet'inanlatımıylaadana 1928 Mehmet Pınar Adana'da 1930 Belediye Seçimleri Ve Yaşanan Olaylar Fahri Sakal Tekparti Dönemi Teftiş Raporlarına Göre Çukurova'da Sosyo-Ekonomik Durum Nur Sürbahanlı Mimar Semih Rüstem Teınel'in Adana Yapıları Kadir Şeker Arşiv Belgelerine Göre 1930-40 Yılları Arasında Adana'da Meydana Gelen Sel Felaketleri Ve Devletin Aldığı Önlemler Birgül Bozkurt Demokrat Parti'nin Adana'da Örgütlenmesi Bekir Koçlar, Başbakan Menderes'e Yönelik Bir Yolsuzluk Suçlaması: Adana Şeker Fabrikası Olayı Şeref İba Anayasa Tarihinde Yasama Meclisleri Ve Adana Temsilcilerinin Rolü Ali Arslan, Sadettin Baştürk, Gülten Arslan Çok Partili Dönemin Başlangıcından 12 Eylül Askeri Darbesi'ne Siyasi Tarihimizde Adana Milletvekilleri Ali Arslan, Mustafa Çaglayandereli, Gülten Arslan 12 Eylül Askeri Darbesi'nden Üçüncü Bin Yıla Adana Milletvekillerinin Sosyolojik Analizi Ahmet Emre Bilgili Bireysel Ve Kültürel Bir Kazanım Olarak Şehir Kültürü -Adana Örneği Osman Fikri Sertkaya Ceyhan'ın Bazı Mahalleleri İle Civarındaki Bazı Yerleşim Mahallerinin İsimleri Üzerine Açıklamalar Ali Doganer Çukurova Bölgesinde Konargöçer Yaşam Biçiminin Dünü Ve Bugünü Necati Demir Merv'den Viyana'ya Oğuz Göçü Ve Fettahoğulları Örneği Ayse Atıcı Arayancan Tarihi Ve Siyasi Boyutları İle Nusayrilik: Çukurova Özelinde Münir Yıldırım Dinler Tarihinde Adana Ve Çukurova Nejdet Gök Adana Ramazanoğulları Ailesinden Mahmut Sami Ramazanoğlu Ve Cumhuriyet Devri Anadolu Tasavvuf Anlayışında Yeni Bir Dönem-Erenköy Cemaati Abdulkadir Yuvalı Çukurova'daki Darendelilerin Sözlü Tarih Projesi Hakkında Bir Değerlendirme Mustafa Aksoy Çukurova'da Kürtler: Kürtler Ve Türkler Birbirlerinin Nesi Olur? Tuncer Baykara Adana Yöresinde Türk Kültürünü İlgilendiren Yaşayan Hususlar: Ordu, Zeybek Ve Kız-Kulesi Sibel Akova, Tuba Çevik Ergin Batı Balkanlar Göçmenlerinin Türkiye'deki Kültürleşme Süreçleri "Adana İli Ömeklemi"

Akarsu ve durgun suların su kalitesinin belirlemesinde algler büyük önem arz ederler. Üzümcü Çayı’nin planktonik alglerinin ekolojisini incelemek amacıyla Nisan, Haziran ve Ekim 2020 tarihlerinde 2 istasyonda örnekleme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan bu araştırmada, Bacillariophytadan 28, Chlorophyta dan 11, Cyanobacteriadan 6 ve Euglenophytadan 2 olmak üzere toplamda 47 fitoplankton türü tespit edilmiştir. Fitoplankton türlerinin %59’unu Bacillariophyta, %23’ünü Chlorophyta, %12’sini Cyanobacteria ve %4’ünü Euglenophyta grupları oluşturmuştur. Su sıcaklığı 13 ile 24°C, çözünmüş oksijen 3.35 ile 8.1 mgl-1, pH 6.85 ile 7.94, elektriksel iletkenlik 1456 ile 1661 μScm-1, nitrat azotu (NO3) 0.45 ile 0.87 mgl-1, toplam azot (TN) 1.91 ile 5.95 mgl-1, fosfat (PO4) 0.07 ile 0.09 mgl-1 ve toplam fosfor (TP) 0.07 ile 0.18 mgl-1 aralıklarında ölçülmüşlerdir. Su Kirliliği Kontrolü Yönetmeliğine göre Üzümcü Çayı IV. sınıf su kalitesindedir. Tespit edilen baskın fitoplankton türlerine göre ise ötrofik karakterli bir su kütlesidir.

Photovoltaic (PV) panels are an integral part of microgrids that are becoming increasingly common. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms are used to benefit from the energy produced by the panels with maximum efficiency. These algorithms use many data such as open circuit voltage, short circuit current, and seasonal information. As a result, the MPPT algorithm transfers the electrical power to the grid via DC/AC inverters or to the energy storage system via DC/DC converters. The energy storage system may contain battery and/or capacitor banks. Voltage regulation is provided by controlling the effective resistance of these capacitances. Thus, the power balance of the system is ensured. Additionally, to all this process, because of there is a diode in the PV panel’s equivalent circuits and batteries have variable resistance, the cascading of these components causes a high non-linearity. In this study, analytical expressions for MPPT control are derived by open circuit voltage method of PV panel connected to DC bus. To prove the accuracy of the extracted model, it has been tested under constant and variable load conditions. The results were compared with the Proportional-Integral (PI) controller adjusted by Ziegler-Nichols method and its effectiveness was observed.

Kocaavşar Deresinden Mayıs 2020 ve Ekim 2020 tarihlerinde iki istasyondan su örnekleri alınıp suyun bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal parametreleri ile fitoplanktonik alg florası incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizlerde, su sıcaklığı (T) 10-27°C, pH 8.77-14.70, elektriksel kondüktivite (EK) 322-712 μScm-1, nitrat azotu (NO3-N) 1.8-2.5 mgl-1, toplam azot (TN) 2.8-4 mgl-1, fosfat (PO4-P) 0.2-0.34 mgl-1 ve toplam fosfor (TP) 0.26-0.4 mgl-1 aralıklarında ölçülmüştür. Fitoplankton örneklerinin analizi sonucu, Bacillariophytadan 9, Chlorophytadan 17, Cyanobacteriadan 5 ve Euglenozoadan 1 olmak üzere toplam 32 tür tespit edilmiştir. Bacillariophytadan Fragilaria capucina, Cyclotella glabriuscula, Cymbella affinis , Diatoma vulgaris, Pinnularia major, Ulnaria ulna var. Oxyrhynchus, Navicula minuta, Nitzschia amphibia, Chlorophytadan Pandorina morum ve Euglenozoadan Phacus pleuronectes baskın türler olarak belirlenmiştir. Korelasyon analizleri, Bacillariophyta grubundan baskınlık gösteren F. capucina ‘nın elektriksel kondüktivite (EK) ve toplam azot (TN) ile, P. majör pH ile, N. amphibia TP ile, C. affinis NO3-N ve TN ile, D. vulgaris ve U.ulna fosfat (PO4-P) ve TP ile yüksek korelasyon göstermişlerdir. Chlorophyta grubunda baskın olan P. morum pH ve EK ile, Euglenozoa grubundan P. pleuronectes sadece EK ile yüksek korelasyon göstermiştir. Su Kirliliği Kontrolü Yönetmeliği, kıtaiçi su kütleleri kalite kriterleri ışığında değerlendirildiğinde toplam fosfora göre Kocaavşar Deresinin III. sınıf, nitrat azotuna göre ise I. sınıf su kalitesinde olduğunu göstermiştir. Baskın fitoplankton türlerine göre ise ötrofik karakterli bir su kütlesidir.

This study aimed to assess the composition, seasonality, and abundance of the phytoplankton community of a Boron (B) mine effluent storage reservoir, Çamköy Reservoir, Balıkesir, Turkey. For this purpose, phytoplankton and certain physicochemical parameters were sampled seasonally between April 2015 and January 2016. B concentrations ranged from 554 mg L-1 to 689 mg L-1. A total of 39 taxa were identified during the study. The percent composition for each phytoplankton group was as follows: Bacillariophyta 67%, Chlorophyta 10%, Cyanobacteria 8%, Euglenophyta 8%, Mioza 5%, and Charophyta 2%. In summer 2015 no phytoplankton was detected in the samples and the excessive B concentrations (above 600 mg L-1) in the reservoir seem to be the reason for the lack of phytoplankton in the summer samples. The most common taxa were Navicula digitoradiata (Bacillariophyta), Surirella ovata (Bacillariophyta), and Nitzschia amphibia (Bacillariophyta). The reservoir had a low number of phytoplankton taxa and abundance compared with the natural lakes probably due to the excessive B levels. The phytoplankton community of the reservoir was composed of taxa that preferred alkaline waters.

To determine the drivers of phytoplankton biomass, we collected standardized morphometric, physical, and biological data in 230 lakes across the Mediterranean, Continental, and Boreal climatic zones of the European continent. Multilinear regression models tested on this snapshot of mostly eutrophic lakes (median total phosphorus [TP] = 0.06 and total nitrogen [TN] = 0.7 mg L-1), and its subsets (2 depth types and 3 climatic zones), show that light climate and stratification strength were the most significant explanatory variables for chlorophyll a (Chl a) variance. TN was a significant predictor for phytoplankton biomass for shallow and continental lakes, while TP never appeared as an explanatory variable, suggesting that under high TP, light, which partially controls stratification strength, becomes limiting for phytoplankton development. Mediterranean lakes were the warmest yet most weakly stratified and had significantly less Chl a than Boreal lakes, where the temperature anomaly from the long-term average, during a summer heatwave was the highest (+4 degrees C) and showed a significant, exponential relationship with stratification strength. This European survey represents a summer snapshot of phytoplankton biomass and its drivers, and lends support that light and stratification metrics, which are both affected by climate change, are better predictors for phytoplankton biomass in nutrient-rich lakes than nutrient concentrations and surface temperature.

Whey is a major end-product and accepted as one of pollutant for environment in dairy industry. In this study, whey powder was added to cow milk to compose a milk replacer for kids. 23 Saanen kids at the same age were allotted into 2 groups. 13 kids in the Control Group (CG) were fed by solely mother milk, and 10 kids in the experimental Group (EG) were fed by the milk replacer. The average daily gain between the two groups was compared and no statistically significant differences were found. The differences between EG and CG with regard to glucose and urea levels were found statistically insignificant. These results indicated that kids could be nourished with a milk replacer prepared by adding whey powder into cow milk instead of using the mother milk, which could be marketed in much more profitable ways.

Real estate valuation is the determination of the possible value of the real estate or attached rights as close to the truth in the determined time period.The safe operation of the real estate market depends on knowing the current and future market values of real estates.Not knowing the real values of real estates causes problems in such market actions as buying and selling transactions, real estate tax, urban transformation applications, etc.Failure to collect taxes in accordance with the currrent real value causes economic losses.Currently, a variety of mass valuation methods such as naminal valuation, multiple regression, artificial neural networks, cloud GIS etc. are used in the process of real estate valuation.Cost, income and peer comparison methods which are used as conventional single valuation methods in Turkey are discussed in this study in accordance with sample valuation study.In this sample valuation study, after clarifying rural and urban land, valuation study for residential and industrial urban land are carried out by basically using the comparison approach.Büyükkolpınar district in Atakum county of Samsun province and Bağlarbaşı district in central county of Gümüşhane province are selected as the pilot areas for residential and industrial land valuation studies respectively, and plot area, zoning rights, transaction time and value information are collected accordingly.That the value of land corresponding residential and industrial areas is different in accordance with the valuation units (square meters; cubic meters) are discussed.

Phytoplankton dynamics of Karagol Lake, Balikesir, Turkey were studied from summer 2015 to spring 2016 in order to assess the ecological status of the lake using the phytoplankton assemblage index (Q). The fuctional groups, J (Desmodesmus communis), X1 (Selenastrum bibraianum), L-O (Ceratium hirundinella), P (Staurastrum pingue) and H1 (Anabaena crassa) dominated phytoplankton in summer, W2 (Trachelomonas volvocina), X1 (S. bibraianum) and L-O (C. hirundinella) in fall, MP (Hantzschia amphioxys), D (Synedra acus), J (D. communis) and P (Fragilaria crotonensis) in winter, H1 (A. crassa), J (D. communis), W2 (T. volvocina) and P (S. pingue) in spring. The phytoplankton functional groups of Karagol Lake were typical to well-mixed eutrophic shallow lakes. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) explained 95.4 % of the cumulative percentage of the variance in the phytoplankton functional groups and their relationships with environmental variables. The Q index showed that the ecological status of Karagol Lake varied seasonally from bad to moderate. In winter 2015, the lake had a moderate ecological status and in spring 2016 it had a bad ecological status. The results of this study showed that the Q index satisfactorily reflected the changes in phytoplankton composition and functional group approach displayed itself as sensitive and responsive to environmental changes of shallow lakes, regardless of their geographic region.

The worldwide contamination of foods and feeds with mycotoxins is a significant problem because mycotoxins occur more frequently in areas with a hot and humid climate, favorable for the growth of molds, and they can also be found in temperate zones. Exposure to mycotoxins is mostly by ingestion, but it also occurs by the dermal and inhalation routes. The diseases caused by exposure to mycotoxins are known as mycotoxicoses. The mycotoxins are the most researched compounds, and they have important negative effects; aflatoxins, trichothecenes, ochratoxins, zearalenone, fumonisins, tremorgenic toxins, and ergot alkaloids are the mycotoxins of greatest agroeconomic importance. Today, the food and feed sector uses clay binders, yeast cell walls, or antioxidant additives, which are the most widely used products for mycotoxin elimination to reduce their impact in the body. Although conventional methods are constantly improving, recent research findings are looking for innovative solutions. As the most important ones, nanotechnology approaches seem to be a promising, effective, and low-cost way to minimize the health effects of mycotoxins. The new nanotechnology approaches and its products seem to be a promising, effective, and low-cost way to minimize the health effects of these toxins. In general there are three main strategies: mold inhibition, mycotoxin adsorption, and reducing the toxic effect via nanoparticles. One of the most promising methods is the use of carbon-based nanomaterials. This chapter aims to provide the latest information on nanotechnological methods and innovative products to eliminate or minimize the harmful effects of mycotoxins.