The widespread use of antibiotics in marine aquaculture poses a significant threat to the ecological equilibrium and human health. Collaborative adsorption-photocatalysis based on metal organic framework (MOF) catalysts has emerged as an advanced and highly effective strategy for removing antibiotics from aquatic environments. However, the intrinsic limitations of MOF including their low photocatalytic efficiency and susceptibility to structural collapse hinder their widespread practical application. Inspired by the symbiotic relationship between sea anemones and hermit crabs, we prepared a floating, anisotropic MIL-53 (Fe/Co)-graphene oxide/sodium alginate/nanocellulose composite aerogel (FCG/SC) catalyst via graphene oxide (GO) interface regulation and directional freeze-drying technology for efficient degradation of antibiotics in water. Strategic doping of Co elements within Fe-MOF metal nodes constructed defect structures and improved the catalytic performance. The introduction of GO in the hydrothermal reaction not only facilitates the nucleation of Fe/Co metal cations but also regulates the catalyst particle size and suppresses electron-hole recombination, ultimately enhancing photocatalytic efficiency. Furthermore, the directional channel structure of the aerogel shortens the light path, maximizing light absorption on the catalyst surface. The results indicated that the synergistic adsorptionphotocatalytic (SAP) degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) exhibited superior efficiency compared to the pre-adsorption photocatalysis (PAP) processes. A significant SAP efficiency of 99.32 % was achieved when the MIL-53 (Fe/Co)-graphene oxide loading rate reached 30 wt%. Moreover, FCG/SC exhibited exceptional SAP degradation efficiency of 70.12 % even challenged with aquaculture wastewater containing NH4Cl, KNOB, NaNO2, KH2PO4, and glucose. Crucially, the FCG/SC demonstrated exceptional stability and reusability. Five consecutive cycles revealed no substantial damage to the surface structure or catalyst leaching, and the degradation efficiency still can be remained at 96.16 %. This highly efficient and reusable composite aerogel offers a novel approach for the removal of TC-HCl from marine aquaculture wastewater.

The relentless rise in global plastic consumption has intensified the challenge of managing plastic waste pollution. Current conventional recycling technologies face significant limitations in processing efficiency and environmental compatibility, hindering the effective recovery of plastic resources. Against this background, microwave pyrolysis technology has emerged as a promising solution, leveraging its dual advantages of thermal and non-thermal effects. This technology enables uniform and rapid heating, substantially reducing processing time and energy consumption. Its characteristics open new pathways for the high-value conversion of waste plastics. Through this approach, waste plastics can be efficiently transformed into valuable products such as pyrolysis oil, hydrogen gas, and solid carbon, demonstrating broad application prospects. This paper first systematically reviews the shortcomings of existing plastic pyrolysis technologies. It then delves into the operational mechanisms, process characteristics, and key influencing factors of microwave-assisted pyrolysis. Finally, it examines current challenges and issues while outlining future research directions, offering insights for the sustainable resource utilisation of waste plastics.

Microwave enhancement technology has been explored to improve methylcyclohexane (MCH) dehydrogenation. However, comprehensive studies on multiphysics coupling and parameter optimization of these systems remain limited. In this paper, a 3D multiphysics coupling model, integrating chemical reactions, heat transfer, electromagnetic waves, and porous media flow, was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics to study MCH dehydrogenation. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken Design (BBD) were used to analyze the influence of parameters and optimize the operating conditions. The results showed that the conversion rate of microwave heating was nearly 70% higher than that of conventional heating, and the feed rate and temperature had the greatest influence on the conversion rate. Under the optimal conditions (623 K, 0.1 bar, carrier-gas ratio 1, feed rate 0.173 g/min), the conversion rate was 86.3%, and the hydrogen production rate was 1820 mmol/gPt/ min. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of efficient microwave enhanced MCH dehydrogenation reactor.

Efficient conversion of biomass into high value-added chemicals and fuels requires exploration of novel technologies of green catalysis. In this study, we have constructed a thermosensitive catalytic system using a dodecyl bispolyoxyethylene ammonium phosphotungstate ([AC1210]H2PW12O40) ionic liquid/1-octanol and applied it to the ultrasonic -microwave liquefaction of fir sawdust. To elucidate the liquefaction performance of the thermosensitive catalytic system, ultrasonic -microwave intensified effect and liquefaction mechanism, we have designed and conducted some experiments under various liquefaction conditions, and the resulting products were characterized by using advanced analytical instruments. Our results demonstrate that the quaternary ammonium phosphotungstate ionic liquid was found to have a high -temperature homogeneous and lowtemperature phase separation properties in 1-octanol solvent. The thermosensitive catalytic system of [AC1210]H2PW12O40/1-octanol exhibited excellent liquefaction performance of woody biomass with ultrasonicmicrowave assistance and good catalyst recyclability. At a liquid -solid ratio of 8:1, a catalyst concentration of 0.05 mol/L, and a mean sawdust particle size of 60-80 mesh, the liquefaction yield reached 64.79% and the recovery ratio of the ionic liquid is up to 98%. The ultrasonic -microwave assistance reduced liquefaction time from 60 min to 20 min and energy consumption from 0.507 kWh to 0.165 kWh, due to the heat and mass transfer intensified effect of ultrasonic -microwave assistance. Analysis of the liquefaction mechanism revealed that cellulose and hemicellulose in sawdust were transformed into carbohydrates, acids, and esters, while lignin converted into ester, ether, and other aromatic compounds. This thermosensitive catalytic system of [AC1210] H2PW12O40/1-octanol, as a green chemistry technology, exhibits a broad range of potential applications in biomass processing and conversion.

The solvent has an important impact on liquefaction conversion from biomass to efficiently obtain fuels and chemicals. In this paper, the catalytic liquefaction of woody biomass was studied using fir sawdust as raw material and concentrated sulfuric acid as catalyst in GVL/1-octanol mixed solvent with mechanical stirring and oil bath heating. The influence of GVL on liquefaction yield was discussed, and the liquefaction productions were characterized by some analysis methods to analyze the liquefaction mechanism. The results show that adding GVL benefits to improving liquefaction yield and generating high value-added monophenol because of the enhancement of the surface wettability of biomass and the inhibition of polymerization of mononuclear aromatics with other degradation products. The maximum liquefaction yield of 76.07

以正辛醇为溶剂、浓硫酸为催化剂,探讨了超声波-微波(UW-MW)辅助对杉木锯屑液化的强化作用,考察了工艺参数的影响,并对液化产物进行了表征分析.研究结果表明:超声波-微波具有很好的传质传热强化效应,与传统液化相比,杉木锯屑超声波-微波辅助液化反应时间从60 min缩短至20 min,液化率提高了5.24％.在溶剂与锯屑质量比值6、催化剂H2 SO4浓度0.6 mol/L时,杉木锯屑液化率达到64.30％;适当添加γ-戊内酯可提高液化率,γ-戊内酯用量40％时液化率达81.17％.液化过程中,少量熔融状物质沉积在残渣(SR)表面,阻碍了原料的进一步液化;纤维素与半纤维素的降解产物主要为小分子糖类等物质,富集在水相产物(WS)中;木质素的降解产物主要由芳香族等物质组成,分布在生物油(BO)产物中.

以微晶纤维素、木聚糖和碱木质素为木质生物质组分模型,γ-戊内酯/正辛醇和浓硫酸分别为溶剂和催化剂,考察了木质生物质的超声波-微波液化机理.结果表明:纤维素和半纤维素发生开环、脱羧、酯化等反应后,生成醇、呋喃和有机酸等;木质素经历解构、酯化和裂解重聚后形成酯、羧醛和芳香族等物质.

A novel approach was developed for producing biodiesel by acid ionic liquid catalyzed esterification of oleic acid and methanol under ultrasonic-microwave combined intensification. Four kinds of acid ionic liquids were synthesized as suitable catalysts. Some key parameters affecting oleic acid conversion were investigated using single factor experiments. Moreover, the production process was optimized via response surface methodology. The results indicated that the ionic liquid 1-(4-sulfobutyl)-3-methylmidazolium hydrosulfate exhibits good catalytic performance because of its double acid sites. The ultrasonic-microwave combined assistance can intensify the process to significantly shorten the reaction time from about 180 min to 15 min, thereby affording good industrial application potential. The specified regression model is accurate, reliable, and adequate for simulating actual production; the oleic acid conversion was 97.85 %, which is close to that achieved with conventional methods.

木质生物质是一种储量巨大、可再生的资源,具有较大的开发前景.利用木质生物质通过液化反应产生液体燃料来代替化石能源受到越来越多的关注.本次研究以杉木锯屑为木质生物质模型物,以1-甲基-3-丙磺酸基咪唑硫酸氢盐离子液体为催化剂,以聚乙二醇-400/丙三醇混合溶剂为液化剂,考察了原料含水率对杉木锯屑的超声波—微波液化的影响,并采用红外光谱和气相色谱-质谱联用仪对产物进行了表征.结果表明:随着含水率的增加,液化率先增加后减少;当含水率7.5％时,锯屑液化率最高,约为88.9％;水分可促进原料对微波的吸收和改善溶剂的浸润性,有利于液化过程,但含水率过高,催化剂被稀释,使液化率下降;残渣表面生成了一层致密的熔融状木质素衍生物,使原料无法完全液化.纤维素和半纤维素的液化产物主要富集在轻油相,而木质素的降解产物主要分布在重油相.水分对纤维素的降解影响很小,对木质素降解影响较大.