A diydroxbiphenyl molecularly imprinted polymer (DHBP-MIP) was prepared by virtual imprinting using 4,4'-diydroxbiphenyl as a template and 4-vinylpyridine as a functional monomer for the effective removal of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from complex environments. To aim at the removal efficiency of PCBs, the material preparation conditions were optimized, and the prepared DHBP-MIP was further characterized. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to evaluate the adsorption conditions, selectivity, and reusability. The results of the experiments showed that the adsorption capacity of DHBP-MIP could reach 8.43 mg g-1 when the material was injected at 10 mg and the initial concentration of PCBs was 20 mg L-1. The adsorption process of PCBs by DHBP-MIP followed pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models. This process is a spontaneous exothermic process. Liquid film diffusion is a factor affecting the removal rate of PCBs. The selectivity studies indicated that the selectivity coefficients for all PCBs and interference substrates in the multi-component system were larger than one and displayed outstanding selective adsorption capability towards PCBs. The DHBP-MIP also showed high reusability and stability.

Efficient conversion of biomass into high value-added chemicals and fuels requires exploration of novel technologies of green catalysis. In this study, we have constructed a thermosensitive catalytic system using a dodecyl bispolyoxyethylene ammonium phosphotungstate ([AC1210]H2PW12O40) ionic liquid/1-octanol and applied it to the ultrasonic -microwave liquefaction of fir sawdust. To elucidate the liquefaction performance of the thermosensitive catalytic system, ultrasonic -microwave intensified effect and liquefaction mechanism, we have designed and conducted some experiments under various liquefaction conditions, and the resulting products were characterized by using advanced analytical instruments. Our results demonstrate that the quaternary ammonium phosphotungstate ionic liquid was found to have a high -temperature homogeneous and lowtemperature phase separation properties in 1-octanol solvent. The thermosensitive catalytic system of [AC1210]H2PW12O40/1-octanol exhibited excellent liquefaction performance of woody biomass with ultrasonicmicrowave assistance and good catalyst recyclability. At a liquid -solid ratio of 8:1, a catalyst concentration of 0.05 mol/L, and a mean sawdust particle size of 60-80 mesh, the liquefaction yield reached 64.79% and the recovery ratio of the ionic liquid is up to 98%. The ultrasonic -microwave assistance reduced liquefaction time from 60 min to 20 min and energy consumption from 0.507 kWh to 0.165 kWh, due to the heat and mass transfer intensified effect of ultrasonic -microwave assistance. Analysis of the liquefaction mechanism revealed that cellulose and hemicellulose in sawdust were transformed into carbohydrates, acids, and esters, while lignin converted into ester, ether, and other aromatic compounds. This thermosensitive catalytic system of [AC1210] H2PW12O40/1-octanol, as a green chemistry technology, exhibits a broad range of potential applications in biomass processing and conversion.

A novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for fast removal of PCB-28 from aqueous solution was synthesized by bulk polymerization using 4,4'-Biphenol as a virtual template and 4-vinylpyridine as a functional monomer. The preparation conditions of MIP were optimized by batch experiments. The preassembly time and molar ratio of the template, monomer and crosslinking agent used for polymerization were investigated to obtain the maximum adsorption capacity. The MIP was characterized by SEM, BET, FT-IR and TGA. The results of the characterization demonstrated that MIP was porous material mainly composed of mesoporous pores, with stable thermodynamic properties. The experimental results of adsorption conditions showed that when the dosage of MIP was 10 mg, the optimal adsorption conditions were as follows: the particle size was 200 ~ 250 mesh, the adsorption equilibrium time was 4 h, the optimal pH was 4, and the reaction temperature was 5°C. The maximum adsorption capacity of MIP was 8.43 mg g−1 with initial PCB-28 concentration of 20 mg L−1. The adsorption of PCBs by MIP followed pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models. Furthermore, selectivity and repeatability experiments showed that the MIP has superior adsorption capacity and selectivity to PCB-28, with good reusability and stability.

The solvent has an important impact on liquefaction conversion from biomass to efficiently obtain fuels and chemicals. In this paper, the catalytic liquefaction of woody biomass was studied using fir sawdust as raw material and concentrated sulfuric acid as catalyst in GVL/1-octanol mixed solvent with mechanical stirring and oil bath heating. The influence of GVL on liquefaction yield was discussed, and the liquefaction productions were characterized by some analysis methods to analyze the liquefaction mechanism. The results show that adding GVL benefits to improving liquefaction yield and generating high value-added monophenol because of the enhancement of the surface wettability of biomass and the inhibition of polymerization of mononuclear aromatics with other degradation products. The maximum liquefaction yield of 76.07

A lanthanum-modified magnetic oyster shell (La-Fe-OSP) was prepared by magnetization and lanthanum loading, and then its properties and phosphorus removal capability were studied. The results showed that La-FeOSP was magnetic, and the specific surface area and porosity increased remarkably compared with those before modification. La-Fe-OSP achieved a removal rate greater than 90% for various phosphate solutions (10-100 mg L-1) and could be successfully recycled by applying a magnetic field. The phosphorus adsorption process of La-Fe-OSP could be characterized by a pseudo-second order model and Langmuir model and displayed intraparticle diffusion properties. La-Fe-OSP could maintain the novel adsorption performance within the pH range of 3.0-8.0, and its adsorption capability was negligibly affected by coexisting ions and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water. Moreover, the maximum phosphorus removal rates of La-Fe-OSP for the overlying water and the pore water were 96.4% and 41%, respectively. In addition, La-Fe-OSP application also slightly changed the order of various phosphorus forms in sediment and promoted the transformation of easily released iron-bound P (Fe-P) to hardly released occluded P (Oc-P). After five successive cycles, La-Fe-OSP still obtained 85.1% phosphate removal efficiency and thus showed excellent application prospects.

为了减少汽车喷涂生产过程中挥发性有机物(VOCs)对环境和人体的影响,该文分析了汽车生产车间VOCs的来源、组成,阐述了VOCs的危害,比较了大气VOCs治理技术及在汽车生产车间VOCs控制中的应用,阐述了汽车生产车间VOCs相关的排放标准,以期为汽车生产过程中的VOCs控制提供理论及技术支撑.

随着国家经济的快速发展,水体富营养化问题受到人们的广泛关注,而磷是控制水体富营养化的关键.本文以牡蛎壳为原材料,制得牡蛎壳纳米铁复合材料,并对该复合材料的除磷性能进行了研究.结果表明,当反应时间为480 min,复合材料投加量为0.75 g,pH值为4,溶液温度为20℃时,是较优的除磷条件,复合材料对初始浓度为50 mg/L的模拟溶液中磷的去除率可达97％.

In order to realize the sustainable utilization of waste oyster shell and develop a targeted removal technology for cadmium. A novel ion-imprinted oyster shell material (IIOS) was prepared by surface imprinting technique. The prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope, Fourier infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer, thermogravimetric analysis and N-2 adsorption-desorption. The adsorption performances of IIOS for Cd(II) from aqueous solution were studied by the single factor sequential batch, kinetics, isotherms, selectivity and recycling experiments. The characterization researches showed that IIOS was successfully prepared. The adsorption experiments indicated that the adsorption process reached equilibrium within 240 min; the maximum adsorption capacity was up to 69.1 mg g(-1) with the initial Cd(II) concentration of 75 mg L-1 at pH 5; the adsorption process fitted well to the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir isotherm model, which revealed the chemisorption characteristic of Cd(II). Moreover, IIOS exhibited a good targeted adsorption of Cd(II) in several binary competition systems owing to the present of these imprinted cavities. The recycling experiment showed that the targeted removal ratio of IIOS for Cd(II) remained above 80% after used six times. The results of this study indicated that it is a promising prospect for waste oyster shell used as IIOS to dispose heavy metals in wastewater.

以微晶纤维素、木聚糖和碱木质素为木质生物质组分模型,γ-戊内酯/正辛醇和浓硫酸分别为溶剂和催化剂,考察了木质生物质的超声波-微波液化机理.结果表明:纤维素和半纤维素发生开环、脱羧、酯化等反应后,生成醇、呋喃和有机酸等;木质素经历解构、酯化和裂解重聚后形成酯、羧醛和芳香族等物质.

A novel approach was developed for producing biodiesel by acid ionic liquid catalyzed esterification of oleic acid and methanol under ultrasonic-microwave combined intensification. Four kinds of acid ionic liquids were synthesized as suitable catalysts. Some key parameters affecting oleic acid conversion were investigated using single factor experiments. Moreover, the production process was optimized via response surface methodology. The results indicated that the ionic liquid 1-(4-sulfobutyl)-3-methylmidazolium hydrosulfate exhibits good catalytic performance because of its double acid sites. The ultrasonic-microwave combined assistance can intensify the process to significantly shorten the reaction time from about 180 min to 15 min, thereby affording good industrial application potential. The specified regression model is accurate, reliable, and adequate for simulating actual production; the oleic acid conversion was 97.85 %, which is close to that achieved with conventional methods.

A magnet zirconium modified oyster shell powder material was prepared by magnetization and addition of soluble zirconium salt, and then its properties and phosphorus removal capability were studied. The results showed that the modified material was magnetic, and the specific surface area and porosity increased remarkably compared with that before modification. The phosphorus adsorption amount of oyster shell also increased from 4.5 mg·g-1 to 46.5 mg·g-1, and the modified oyster shell can be successfully recycled by applying a magnetic field. The adsorption kinetics study showed that the whole phosphorus adsorption process included two stages of rapid adsorption and equilibrium adsorption. In addition, the modified oyster shell mainly adsorbed the soluble phosphate (SRP) in water. Compared with the interstitial water, the modified oyster shell exhibited a more obvious inhibition effect on the phosphorus release of the overlying water. The modified material might promote the transformation of the easily released iron-bound P (Fe⁃P) to the hard released sequestered P (Oc⁃P), and reduce the concentration of easily released exchanged P ( Ex⁃P) . The above mentioned results indicate that the magnet zirconium-modified oyster shell can be used as an efficient phosphorus removal adsorbent for the eutrophication treatment.

木质生物质是一种储量巨大、可再生的资源,具有较大的开发前景.利用木质生物质通过液化反应产生液体燃料来代替化石能源受到越来越多的关注.本次研究以杉木锯屑为木质生物质模型物,以1-甲基-3-丙磺酸基咪唑硫酸氢盐离子液体为催化剂,以聚乙二醇-400/丙三醇混合溶剂为液化剂,考察了原料含水率对杉木锯屑的超声波—微波液化的影响,并采用红外光谱和气相色谱-质谱联用仪对产物进行了表征.结果表明:随着含水率的增加,液化率先增加后减少;当含水率7.5％时,锯屑液化率最高,约为88.9％;水分可促进原料对微波的吸收和改善溶剂的浸润性,有利于液化过程,但含水率过高,催化剂被稀释,使液化率下降;残渣表面生成了一层致密的熔融状木质素衍生物,使原料无法完全液化.纤维素和半纤维素的液化产物主要富集在轻油相,而木质素的降解产物主要分布在重油相.水分对纤维素的降解影响很小,对木质素降解影响较大.

实验教学是培养学生就业技能和创新创业精神的重要手段,是高校人才培养的重要环节.针对农业资源与环境专业实验教学存在的问题,从构建模块化实验教学体系、开展基于虚拟仿真和微视频的翻转课堂实验教学、实施线上线下实验教学质量监控等方面进行改革.实践表明,实验教学改革充分调动了学生自主学习的积极性和主动性,提高了学生实验操作技能和创新创业能力.

化工原理课程开设的目的是让学生形成工程意识.其中的化工原理实验旨在帮助学生巩固学习到的化工原理知识,促使学生掌握扎实的工程实践技能,促使学生形成良好的理实一体化理念.但是在具体的实验过程中,学生需要测量海量且复杂的数据,进行物性参数查询,并进行具体的分析和计算,并在最后将其汇总成图表、公式等.单纯利用手工计算和绘图,会耗费大量的时间和精力,也会形成一定的误差,最终影响实验结果的准确性.而计算机软件的应用使得化工原理实验变得更为简便快捷.文章以Aspen Plus软件和Origin软件为例,论述了其在化工原理实验中的具体应用.

近年来,PBL(Problem-Based Learning)和TBL(Team-Based Learning)教学法受到广泛关注.物理性污染控制课程是环境工程专业主干课程,如何克服其学时短、内容庞杂等教学限制性因素,是亟待解决的问题.课题组研究基于PBL联合TBL的教学模式在物理性污染控制课程教学中的构建和具体组织实施方案和效果.研究结果表明,PBL联合TBL的教学模式在当下网络信息化教学背景下,可以将课堂从课内延伸至课外,能有效解决物理性污染控制课程教学中存在的问题.教学效果表明,该教学模式增强了学生学习兴趣,提升了学生文献检索、口头表达、团队协作以及分析和解决问题的能力.

为充分发挥"对分课堂"教学模式对《化工原理》课程教学的优势,作者从"对分课堂"教学模式相关概念解析入手,对《化工原理》课程教学过程存在的问题进行了深入分析,并在此基础上探究了"对分课堂"教学模式在《化工原理》课程教学中的应用.

With ferrous sulfate as the source of iron,thenano iron modified oyster shell material was prepared by the in-situ potassium borohydride reduction. The microstructure of the modified oyster shell material was characterized and its persistent organic adsorption performance of polychlorinated biphenyl(PCBs)was discussed. The experimental results showed that the particle size of nano iron in the modified oyster shell was uniform and had high degree of dispersion;the modified oyster shell material had excellent PCBs wastewater treatment performance. The PCBs adsorption rates of the modified oyster shell material could reach 96% and the adsorption amount is 2.97mg/g at the suitable reaction conditions:the solution temperature of 25℃,the initial PCBs concentration of 5mg/L,and the reaction time of 180min. These results clearly indicated that the modified material had good industrial application prospect as a low-cost and efficient adsorbent for treatment of persistent organic wastewater. Adsorption isotherm researches showed that the equilibrium data were found to follow the Langmuir adsorption isotherm closely. The adsorption was easy to implementand the increment of temperature was helpful to the adsorption. Analyzing from the point of the adsorption kinetics,the adsorption process conforms to pseudo-second-order equation(R2>0.99);the chemical adsorption was the main process; the adsorption rate was controlled by both the external diffusion and internal diffusion.

以模拟As(Ⅲ)废水为处理对象,利用超声波辅助纳米铁(NI)-牡蛎壳(OS)复合材料处理废水中的As(Ⅲ),探讨了NI-OS复合材料在超声波辅助条件下对水中As(Ⅲ)的去除效果,考察了超声时间和功率、复合材料投加量、溶液温度、pH和As(Ⅲ)初始含量等因素对砷模拟废水去除效果影响.结果表明,在超声波辅助条件下,NI-OS对As(Ⅲ)去除效果得到显著提升.当NI-OS投加量大于0.3 g/L,超声功率和时间分别为200W和60 min,溶液pH和As(Ⅲ)的质量浓度分别为7和10 mg/L时,溶液中As(Ⅲ)的去除率基本达到100％.

With the rich waste fishery resource oyster shell (OS) as carrier,FeSO4 as iron source,by the in situ reductionload method,a new type of nano iron/oyster shell water purification composite material (NFOS) was prepared,and its micmstructure was characterized.With the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as a model of chlorinated organic,the removal performance of the composite material was investigated;the effects such as the dosage of material,the initial concentration of PCBs,the reaction time,the temperature and pH of the solution were discussed;the service life of the materials and the mechanism of material purifying PCBs were studied.The experimental results indicated that because of the uniform size and high dispersion of the nano iron in the NI/OS composite,the oxidation resistance and reduction activity of the nanoparticles were significantly increased.Compared with the use of single nano iron or oyster shell,NI/OS showed a superior PCBs removal performance and better service life.The removal rates of PCBs reached 96％ following the suitable reaction conditions as the dosage of composites of 0.03 g,20 mL initial PCBs concentration of 5 mg/L,the reaction time of 180 min,the solution temperature of 25 ℃C,the pH value of 7.And after 3 ames of cycles use,the removal rates of PCBs still remain more than 85％.The function of physical adsorption and chemical reduction reaction of the composites resulted in the effective removal of PCBs in the solution.

A novel process to rapidly liquefy sawdust using reduced quantities of solvent, was successfully carried out via microwave-ultrasonic assisted technology (MUAT) in a sulphuric acid/polyethylene glycol 400-glycerol catalytic system. The influences of some key parameters on the liquefaction yield were investigated. The results showed that compared with traditional liquefaction, the introduction of MUAT allowed the solvent dosage to be halved and shortened the liquefaction time from 60 to 20 min. The liquefaction yield reached 91% under the optimal conditions. However, the influence on the yield of some parameters such as catalyst concentration, was similar to that of traditional liquefaction, indicating that the application of MUAT possibly only intensified heat and mass transfer rather than altering either the degradation mechanism or pathway. The introduction of MUAT as a process intensification technology has good industrial application potential for woody biomass liquefaction. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.