This study addresses the relationships among internet use, public demand for democracy (PDD), and democracy development using four East Asian nations based on social cognitive theory (SCT). Specifically, the present study compares how the internet use influences democracy development directly and via public demand for democracy in both developing democracy such as Thailand, Malaysia, China, and comparatively developed democracy such as South Korea. Data for the study comes from Asian barometer surveys. Our results indicate that internet use strongly influences public demand for democracy in all four nations and democracy development is positively influenced by public demand for democracy in all the nations studied. We also find out that the effects of demographics on democracy development (and on internet use) are different in each of the four nations. The results are explained and implications provided.

ABSTRACT It has been posited that information and communication technology (ICT) diffusion can be explained by national culture since individuals from different cultures think and behave differently toward the development and use of ICT. To the best of our knowledge, the impact of Schwartz’s model of cultural dimensions on ICT diffusion level has not yet been investigated. This study explored the diffusion level using Schwartz’s three national cultural dimensions: autonomy vs. embeddedness, egalitarianism vs. hierarchy, and mastery vs. harmony. Data were obtained for 73 nations on three ICTs: Internet usage, mobile phones, and fixed broadband connections. The correlation results showed that autonomy vs. embeddedness and egalitarianism vs. hierarchy influenced ICT diffusion levels. The regression results showed that autonomy vs. embeddedness had significant impact on diffusion levels. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Given the growing prominence of developing economies in the world, we investigate the factors associated with firm-level information and communication technology (ICT) use across three developing countries with different economic magnitude and infrastructure. Our results obtained from PLS-SEM model using a large-N sample, reveal that organizational factors play a greater role in ICT use when compared to the perception of external barriers. The study confirms the positive effect of firm size and international quality certification on ICT use. It provides a new perspective by explicating how these effects vary based on macro-level factors such as internet infrastructure.

Schwartz's value theory (SVT) is widely used in a number of disciplines but infrequently in information systems (IS) research. The theory was intended to be applied at an individual level, unlike Hofstede's cultural theory at national level. Schwartz's ten low-order values (LOVs) can be combined into four high-order values (HOVs): self-enhancement (which includes the LOVs of achievement and power); openness to change (which includes the values of stimulation, self-direction, and hedonism); conservation (which includes security, tradition, and conformity); and self-transcendence (which includes universalism and benevolence). This study investigates the influence of Schwartz's four HOVs on Internet use (IU) in 25 European nations. After controlling for age, education, income, and gender, we find strong evidence of the influence of Schwartz's HOVs of openness to change (positive) and conservation (negative) upon IU. There is partial evidence for the influence of self-enhancement and self-transcendence upon IU. The implications of the findings and recommendations for future studies are also discussed.

In this study, we use Schwartz's value framework to explore the impact of values on internet use at an individual level. This approach differs from many of the previous studies that report on national level analyses. The gap in the literature arising from the absence of Schwartz's value types in information and communication technologies (ICT) studies calls for investigation of the impact of individual values on ICT use at the individual level. For study 1, we use the set of developing and developed nations, based on World Values Survey data. For study 2, we use eight nations grouped into two economic/cultural clusters (developed and developing) based on the data from the European Social Survey. Study 1 findings indicate that 4 out of 8, 6 out of 8 and 7 out of 8 Schwartz-like human value types are significant for Internet use for developed, developing and all nations respectively, with robust effect sizes. The study 2 findings indicate that for developed nations, Schwartz value types such as conformity, tradition, security, and power are relevant in at least two or more out of the four nations. In the case of the developing nations, achievement, stimulation, self-direction, tradition and security are relevant in at least two or more out of four nations. Tradition and security are the two value types that are most relevant in both groups of nations. These results indicate that value types have different as well as similar impacts in developed and developing nations. Similarities and differences also exist within developed and developing nations. The results show that value types in general and Schwartz's value types in particular, are useful in explaining Internet use. The implications of these findings are discussed and future studies suggested.

Similar in-house (or insourced) and offshored software development data were paired to find differences (if any) on four project performance criteria: project elapsed times, size, data quality, and same-source nations. For each paired project, the differences between five technical variables (development type, application type, architecture, development platform, and programming language) were considered. The resource dependency theory was used to examine the technical differences between matched projects. Additionally, Hofstede's cultural dimensions were used to analyze the performance of offshored software projects. Data from the International Software Benchmarking Standard Group (ISBSG) was used. The main empirical findings were as follows: project completion time is significantly shorter for in-house development projects; and firms prefer offshoring for new projects, client-service platforms, and newer application languages. Some of Hofstede's cultural dimensions do affect project quality and work effort for offshore projects.

 Abstract—The common e-threats deterring ecommerce are identity theft, hacking, virus attack, graffiti, phishing, Denial-of- Service (DoS), sabotage by disgruntled employees, loss of laptop, financial fraud and telecom driven frauds. These threats discourage users from online transactions. Organizations spend millions of dollars to implement the latest perimeter and core security technologies, to deter malicious attackers and to ensure confidentiality, integrity and availability of data. Yet, security breaches are common, resulting in loss of opportunity cost, market capitalization and brand equity for organizations. We propose e-risk insurance as a strategy to supplement the security technologies, and to mitigate these financial losses. In this paper, we propose two generalized linear models (GLM) namely Logit and Probit for quantification of the probability of an e-threat, using CSI/FBI data. We also compute the expected loss amount for organizations using collective risk model. Based on it, we ascertain the net premium to be accrued to the insurance companies.

Technology adoption in developing and developed countries needs to be studied and contrasted in order to identify similar and unique factors which impact adoptions. Information technology acceptance and the influence of espoused values (EV) have been investigated in developed countries but such studies are rare for developing countries. The present study surveyed 201 Nigerians and 188 Americans using constructs based on accepted theories, with the aim of comparing the influence of national culture on the acceptance of e-services in each country. The combined data indicate that user satisfaction with e-services is affected by perceived usefulness and information/system quality (with R2 = 0.64). User satisfaction, in turn, affects users’ behavioral intention to continue to use e-services (R2 = 0.50). EVs moderate the effect of perceived usefulness and information/system quality on satisfaction. In general, the moderating effects of EVs are more pronounced for Nigerian respondents than for US respondents, due to national cultural differences.

JV:I have worked as the TIM for the College of Business Administration for the last 6 years. In that role I am responsible for the security of information stored on UTEP desktop, laptop, and handheld computers. We have established secure cloud backup systems to ensure that critical data is backed up. I routinely contact faculty and staff members on a regular basis to ensure they know about security issues, changes in phishing schemes, new viruses, Trojan horses, worms or other malware out there attempting to gain a foothold in our network. We have seen a great increase in BYOD in the last year or so. With that we have seen a very large increase in usage of the wireless network. We have posted notices about the recent increase of malware QR codes and other malware focused on mobile devices. The college has been involved in the University program to encrypt all of the university owned laptops to attempt to protect any sensitive data stored on laptops that seem to disappear into the hands of ??? The university has installed an enterprise antivirus suite that includes a firewall. The network uses extensive firewall filters to assist in keeping undesirable traffic out ofthe college systems. We have installed stoptheft labels and monitoring software to assist in protecting the laptops and smaller desktop systems in the college.

In this study the authors examine some possible reasons for Novell Netware's fall from dominance in the 1990s to its near disappearance. The authors examine the role of the external variables security, productivity, and sharing on an administrator's perceptions and intention to use the software within the Technology Acceptance Model TAM. The results show that difficulty in administration was not responsible for Netware's demise; on the contrary, Netware's environment resulted in a positive intention to use it.

Trust has been shown to play an important role in the adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) on an individual and firm level, but has received relatively little attention on a national level. In this paper we examine the impact of generalized trust, as measured by the World Value Survey, on the adoption of ICT products and related phenomena (e.g., such issues as Telecommuting and services such as E-Government Readiness), at a national level, while controlling for a nation's wealth. Because national trust levels having changed over time, we also examine how the rate of change in trust has impacted the adoption of ICT and ICT related phenomenon. Our findings provide strong empirical support for the argument that trust impacts national level adoption. The results are robust as we consider multiple variables and data sources. We also show that changes in trust rates are generally associated with corresponding changes in ID' adoptions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

This empirical study extends current Business Intelligence (BI) and Data Warehousing (DW) research by studying the discourse life cycle of IS fashion waves. Using bibliographic methodology and applying Diffusion of Innovation and Management Fashion theories, BI/DW related papers and articles were gathered from both, academic research and practitioner journals, published from 1995 to 2009. Formal diffusion models were employed to examine the level of adoption of BI/DW based on these papers and articles. Our findings demonstrate mixed-influence fashion waves of BI/DW across the academic and private sector communities, with the practitioner's research being influenced more by external factors compared to academic and academic research diffusion progressing differently than practitioner's literature diffusion and the latter has comparatively slowed down.

Distance learning programs have been dramatically expanding in accordance with demand. Assessment of the quality of e-learning has become a strategic issue, one that is critical to program survival. In this study we propose a modified SERVQUAL instrument for assessing e-learning quality. The instrument consists of five dimensions: Assurance, Empathy, Responsiveness, Reliability, and Website Content. Data analysis from 203 e-learning students shows that four out of these five dimensions (except Reliability) play a significant role in perceived e-learning quality, which in turn affects learners' satisfaction and future intentions to enroll in online courses. Managerial implications of the major findings are provided.

Previous studies have explored the impact of culture on ICT at a national level but few focus on the impact of human values on ICT (such as the Internet) use at individual levels. This study explores the impact of individual values on Internet use at an individual level for various nations based on an economic clustering of nations, using data from the European Social Survey. For developed nations, conformity, tradition, security, and power are relevant in at least two out of the four nations. For developing nations, achievement, stimulation, self-direction, tradition and security are relevant in at least two out of four nations. These results indicate that value types have different impacts in developed and developing nations. Differences also exist within developed and developing nations.

As evidenced in the digital divide literature, various and diverse sets of indicators and analytical techniques have been applied that have contributed to different purposes. Some investigations try to measure the gap of digital divide, while others have attempted to explain its determinants. However, certain facets are yet to be addressed in the literature. This study uses an individual-level multi-nation approach to study both developed and developing nations with the aim of identifying factors of digital divide that separate the digitally deprived and the intense users of internet. This unique research examines the two extreme sides of the inequality—citizens with no access to the internet and frequent users of the internet. We empirically test conventional (e.g., age, education, and income) and novel (e.g., income perception, media channels, and religion) factors. We find some interesting significant results that are later outlined in the study.

This study examines the dimensions of web service quality based on e-customer's, expectations and perceptions. We develop operationalized web service quality constructs, and analyze, their relationships with customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions in an e-business environment. The three identified dimensions of web service quality are perceived risk, web content and service, convenience. One of the major findings of this study is that although less perceived risk may lead to a favorable perception of web service quality, it does not necessarily translate to customer satisfaction, or positive behavioral intentions. Individual PC skill sets may affect perception of service convenience, but seems to have no influence on how customers assess web service quality, customer satisfaction or, behavioral intentions to use the e-service. The indirect or mediating influence of satisfaction on web, service quality and behavioral intentions is indeed stronger than the direct influence of web service, quality on behavioral intentions.

We introduce and examine the roles of Schwartz’s cultural value types in Information and communication technologies (ICT) use (PC and the Internet) at an individual level. Our study used the World Value Survey (WVS) data of 2009 from 49 nations with around 75,000 data points. For all nations, we find that 7 out of eight considered Schwartz’s value types matter. We also find that the use of ICT is predominant among highly educated, high-income, employed and young people. Males use PC and Internet significantly more. Overall, we also find remarkable similarities and differences in results across developed and developing nations. Broadly, for ICT use, impacts of some cultural values differ and some are same between the two groups, while impacts of demographics are somewhat similar across developing and developed nations.