Computer processing of speech has been used in many ways as an aid to clinicians in various types of speech therapy. In this work, use of speech recognition for detecting articulation errors, such as a lisp or a phoneme deletion, is investigated. The main features of this approach are (1) the use of a time-dependent score in template matching and (2) the adjustment of dynamic time-warping slope constraints according to the type of articulation error (deletions versus substitutions). The use of a time-dependent score is particularly important because it allows the clinician to target a particular portion of a word for correct pronunciation. The algorithm was implemented in near real time on a PC with a DSP processor. Speaker-dependent and -independent performance was investigated for simulated and actual articulation errors. [Work supported by Design Automation, Inc., through an SBIR grant for the National Institute for Deafness and Other Communications Disorders.]

We have identified and characterized 40 DNA probes detecting restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) on human chromosome 4. Single copy human clones were isolated from a bacteriophage library enriched for chromosome 4 sequences. Each clone was hybridized to somatic cell hybrid DNAs for verification of its species and chromosomal origin and for regional localization. Sequences specific for chromosome 4 were tested for their ability to detect RFLPs in human DNA and their potential utility as genetic markers was assessed. Approximately 263,000 base pairs or 0.13% of the chromosome was screened for sequence variation. The estimate of heterozygosity calculated from this large body of data, H = 0.0021, indicates that the degree of sequence variation on chromosome 4 is comparable to other autosomes. The characterization of these 40 markers has tripled the number of polymorphic loci available for linkage studies on chromosome 4, making it feasible to begin construction of a detailed linkage map that will span the entire chromosome.

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 450, Issue 1 p. 25-31 Genetic Linkage Map for Chromosome 21a JAMES F. GUSELLA, JAMES F. GUSELLA Genetics Unit and Neurology Service Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02114Search for more papers by this authorRUDOLPH E. TANZI, RUDOLPH E. TANZI Genetics Unit and Neurology Service Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02114Search for more papers by this authorPAUL C. WATKINS, PAUL C. WATKINS Integrated Genetics, Inc. Framingham, Massachusetts 01701Search for more papers by this authorKERIN T. GIBBONS, KERIN T. GIBBONS Genetics Unit and Neurology Service Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02114Search for more papers by this authorWENDY J. HOBBS, WENDY J. HOBBS Genetics Unit and Neurology Service Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02114Search for more papers by this authorANNE G. FARYNIARZ, ANNE G. FARYNIARZ Genetics Unit and Neurology Service Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02114Search for more papers by this authorSTEVEN T. HEALEY, STEVEN T. HEALEY Genetics Unit and Neurology Service Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02114Search for more papers by this authorMARY ANNE ANDERSON, MARY ANNE ANDERSON Genetics Unit and Neurology Service Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02114Search for more papers by this author JAMES F. GUSELLA, JAMES F. GUSELLA Genetics Unit and Neurology Service Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02114Search for more papers by this authorRUDOLPH E. TANZI, RUDOLPH E. TANZI Genetics Unit and Neurology Service Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02114Search for more papers by this authorPAUL C. WATKINS, PAUL C. WATKINS Integrated Genetics, Inc. Framingham, Massachusetts 01701Search for more papers by this authorKERIN T. GIBBONS, KERIN T. GIBBONS Genetics Unit and Neurology Service Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02114Search for more papers by this authorWENDY J. HOBBS, WENDY J. HOBBS Genetics Unit and Neurology Service Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02114Search for more papers by this authorANNE G. FARYNIARZ, ANNE G. FARYNIARZ Genetics Unit and Neurology Service Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02114Search for more papers by this authorSTEVEN T. HEALEY, STEVEN T. HEALEY Genetics Unit and Neurology Service Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02114Search for more papers by this authorMARY ANNE ANDERSON, MARY ANNE ANDERSON Genetics Unit and Neurology Service Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02114Search for more papers by this author First published: June 1985 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb21480.xCitations: 3 † This work was supported in part by Grants NS16367 (Huntington's Disease Center without Walls) and NS20012, from the National Institute for Neurological and Communication Disorders, by a grant from the Hereditary Disease Foundation, and by the Julieanne Dorn Fund for Neurological Research. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume450, Issue1Adenosine Molecular Structure of the Number 21 chromosome and Down SyndromeJune 1985Pages 25-31 RelatedInformation