Introduction/Objective Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most frequent type of headache, affecting approximately 1.89 billion individuals globally. It is characterised by dull, agonising head discomfort, a sensation of tightness within the head, and tenderness of the scalp, neck, and shoulders. Coffee is a beverage made from roasted coffee beans. Coffee constituents can act as CNS stimulants, scavengers of free radicals, and have antioxidant properties. The major goal of this study is to assess the relationship between TTH and coffee consumption among medical students. This study also intends to inquire about medical students' daily coffee consumption form and amount, as well as their preference for coffee over other pharmacological treatments in headache relief. Methods Between August 31, 2023, and September 21, 2023, a pan-India cross-sectional analysis was carried out across several medical colleges in India. A self-administered questionnaire was utilised to collect data using Web-based links. Results 80% of the students experienced headaches in their everyday lives and 51.82% of students used coffee to relieve those headaches. The prevalence of TTH in coffee users was 13.06%. The prevalence of TTH in students who do not consume coffee was 12%. About 57% of students consumed about 1 tablespoon of coffee per day. In addition to that, 26.13% of students believed that coffee was equally as effective as pharmacological agents in treating headache and 11.06% of students believed that coffee was more effective than pharmacological agents. Conclusion Based on these results, we were not able to confirm a therapeutic effect of coffee on tension-type headache (TTH). On the contrary, the prevalence of TTH headaches was found to be marginally higher in coffee consumers.

Background: A massive global human disaster has been created by a recent contagious respiratory infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The most effective way of controlling infectious diseases is often vaccination. Public vaccine hesitancy is a big problem for public health authorities. Present study was designed to assess the attitudes and hesitancy toward Covid -19 vaccine among healthcare workers and medical students of RUHS-College of Medical Sciences. Material and methods: It was an observational, questionnaire-based study carried out under the department of Pharmacology, RUHS-college of medical sciences Jaipur. The study tool was consists of a digital questionnaire which was prepared in English language. Result: The present study was carried out among 521 health care workers. In this study 48.9% participants were completely agree 31.9% somewhat agree, 13.6% neutral,3.5% somewhat disagree and 2.1% completely disagree to accept covid-19 vaccine without prior employer recommendation. After employer recommendation covid-19 vaccine acceptance was increased. Now 54% participants were completely agree to accept covid-19 vaccine. Hesitancy to covid-19 vaccine was maximal due to possible side effects (65.5%). Conclusions: Acceptability of vaccination in our participants was increased after awareness to vaccine. So by increasing awareness for acceptance of covid-19 vaccine, we can prevent mass rejection of covid-19 vaccine in general population during vaccination program. Vaccine hesitancy must be addressed for successful implementation of covid-19 vaccination program in future.

Background: In a prior proof-of-concept study, a single inhalation of 50% nitrous oxide rapidly improved depressive symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant major depression. It is unknown, however, whether a lower concentration of 25% nitrous oxide provides similar efficacy while reducing the risk of adverse side effects and how long antidepressant effects last. Methods: In this phase 2 clinical trial, 20 patients with severe treatment-resistant major depression were randomly assigned in a crossover fashion to receive a single 1hour inhalation with (1) 50% nitrous oxide, (2) 25% nitrous oxide, or (3) placebo (air). Inhalation treatments were at least 4 weeks apart. Primary outcome was the change on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 21-item (HDRS-21). Results: Nitrous oxide inhalation (25% and 50% combined) led to a significant improvement in depressive symptoms versus placebo (p=0.002), but we did not observe a statistically significant difference between 25% and 50% nitrous oxide (p=0.55). The estimated HDRS-21 differences between 25% and placebo were -1.01 points at 2 hours (p=.66), -1.82 points at 24 hours (p=.42), -5.05 points at 1 week (p=0.03), and -6.58 points at 2 weeks (p=0.004). The estimated differences between 50% and placebo were -0.88 points at 2 hours (p=.70), -1.88 points at 24 hours (p=.40), -2.81 points at 1 week (p=0.21), and -8.06 points at 2 weeks (p=0.003). Adverse events declined with dose: 43 (50% nitrous oxide), 11 (25% nitrous oxide), and 4 (placebo) (p=0.0003). None of the adverse events were serious and nearly all occurred during or immediately after inhalation and resolved within several hours.