Debates on speciation processes in pteridophytes have revived. In order to study the evolutionary origin of an apomictic fern species, we investigated the genetic variation in the strictly agamosporous Dryopteris remota. We determined the genotypes of 22 individuals from many different locations within the species' European distribution and of 20 individuals from a Swiss population. A previous study on isozyme variation showed no intraspecific genetic variation in a similar sample set (Schneller and Holderegger, 1994, American Fern Journal 84: 94-98). In contrast to this, four out of 12 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers tested revealed low genetic diversity among individuals of D. remota from different locations. Intrapopulational genetic variation was also very low, but in the single population studied, a unique multiband genotype could be detected. The geographic distribution of genetic variation found in D. remota was best explained by the assumption of a single origin, the accumulation of somatic mutations during spread, and occasional, but effective, events of dispersal over large distances. The present study thus stresses the importance of long-distance dispersal in evolutionary processes and biogeography of ferns.

The vasodilator, hypotensive, and antihypertensive effects of hydralazine and its known and putative metabolites were compared in vitro, in the isolated, perfused mesenteric arterial bed of the rat, and in vivo, in the urethane-anesthetized normotensive rat (NR) and in the conscious renal hypertensive rat (RHR). In the mesenteric bed, hydralazine produced inhibition of noradrenaline (NA)-induced vasoconstriction (IC50-NA = 0.4 micrograms/ml). All the metabolites were five to greater than 250 times less potent than the parent compound. Hydralazine inhibited potassium-induced vasoconstriction at concentrations (IC50-K+ = 700 micrograms/ml) above those required to inhibit NA. Two metabolites, 9-hydroxy-3-methyl-s-triazolo-(3.4-a)phthalazine and the acetone hydrazone (HP-AH), were more potent (five- and 10-fold, respectively) than hydralazine in inhibiting potassium-induced vasoconstriction. The other metabolites produced less than 50% inhibition at the highest concentration tested. In in vivo studies, blood pressure in NR or RHR was reduced by hydralazine, following doses of 0.1 or 0.25 mg/kg i.v. and above. HP-AH was sixfold less active than hydralazine in NR and 10-fold less active in RHR, while the pyruvic acid hydrazone was 33- and 14-fold 1 s active, respectively. The other metabolites tested were practically inactive in concentrations up to the limits of solubility. Although several hydralazine metabolites show some vasodilator and blood pressure-lowering activity, it seems unlikely that the formation of metabolites is a major factor in the antihypertensive effect of hydralazine or is responsible for its long duration of action.

FEBS LettersVolume 142, Issue 1 p. 59-62 Full-length articleFree Access Microsomal lipid peroxidation causes an increase in the order of the membrane lipid domain Kurt Eichenberger, Kurt Eichenberger Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Laboratorium für Biochemie I, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorPeter Böhni, Peter Böhni Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056, Basel, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorKaspar H. Winterhalter, Kaspar H. Winterhalter Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Laboratorium für Biochemie I, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorSuguru Kawato, Suguru Kawato Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Laboratorium für Biochemie I, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich Switzerland Permanent address: Maruzen Sekiyu Institute, Satte, Kitakatsushika-gun, Saitama 340-01, Japan Search for more papers by this authorChristoph Richter, Corresponding Author Christoph Richter Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Laboratorium für Biochemie I, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich SwitzerlandTo whom correspondence should be addressedSearch for more papers by this author Kurt Eichenberger, Kurt Eichenberger Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Laboratorium für Biochemie I, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorPeter Böhni, Peter Böhni Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056, Basel, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorKaspar H. Winterhalter, Kaspar H. Winterhalter Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Laboratorium für Biochemie I, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorSuguru Kawato, Suguru Kawato Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Laboratorium für Biochemie I, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich Switzerland Permanent address: Maruzen Sekiyu Institute, Satte, Kitakatsushika-gun, Saitama 340-01, Japan Search for more papers by this authorChristoph Richter, Corresponding Author Christoph Richter Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Laboratorium für Biochemie I, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich SwitzerlandTo whom correspondence should be addressedSearch for more papers by this author First published: June 01, 1982 https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(82)80219-6Citations: 122 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 P. Hochstein, L. Ernster, Biochem. Biophys. Res Commun., 12, (1963), 388– 394. 2 E.D. Wills, Biochem. J., 113, (1969), 315– 324. 3 E.D. Wills, Biochem. J., 113, (1969), 325– 332. 4 H.E. May, P.B. McCay, J. Biol. Chem., 243, (1968), 2288– 2295. 5 T.C. Pederson, J.A. Buege, S.D. Aust, J. Biol. Chem., 248, (1973), 7134– 7141. 6 K.-L. Fong, P.B. McCay, J.L. Poyer, B.B. Keele, H. Misra, J. Biol. Chem., 248, (1973), 7792– 7797. 7 M.M. King, E.K. Lai, P.B. McCay, J. Biol. Chem., 250, (1975), 6496– 6502. 8 B.A. Svingen, J.A. Buege, F.O. O'Neal, S.D. Aust, J. Biol. Chem., 254, (1979), 5892– 5899. 9 G.L. Plaa, H. Witschi, Annu Rev. Pharmacol., 16, (1976), 125– 141. 10 B. Chance, H. Sies, A. Boveris, Physiol. Rev., 59, (1979), 527– 605. 11 G.E. Dobretsov, T.A. Borschevskaya, V.A. Petrov, Y.A. Vladimirov, FEBS Lett., 84, (1977), 125– 128. 12 E. Grzeliǹska, G. Bartosz, K. Gwozdz̀iǹski, W. Leyko, Int. J. 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USA, 76, (1979), 6361– 6365. 26 C.A. Riely, G. Cohen, M. Lieberman, Science, 183, (1974), 208– 210. 27 E.E. Dumelin, A.L. Tappel, Lipids, 12, (1977), 894– 900. 28 A.L. Tappel, Fed. Proc. FASEB, 32, (1973), 1870– 1874. Citing Literature Volume142, Issue1June 01, 1982Pages 59-62 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Die Erfindung betrifft neue Piperidino-propanole,'insbesondere 1-(3-Heterocyclyloxy -2-hydroxy- propanol)-4-(N-diazacyclyl)- piperidine der Formel worin R 1 einen gegebenenfalls substituierten Heteroarylrest darstellt, R 2 Wasserstoff oder einen gegebenenfalls substituierten aliphatischen, cycloaliphatischen, cycloaliphatisch-aliphatischen oder araliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest oder einen Acylrest bedeutet, und alk fur Niederalkylen steht, das die beiden Stickstoffatome durch 2 oder 3 Kohlenstoffatome voneinander trennt, oder fur einen gegebenenfalls sub- s tituierten 1,2-Phenylenreststeht, und deren Salze, sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung, ferner pharmazeutische Praparate enthaltend diese Verbindungen and ihre Verwendung, vorzugsweise in Form von pharmazeutischen Praparaten als Antihypertensiva, Antitachycardica und a-Sympathicolytica.

Chemischer Informationsdienst. Organische ChemieVolume 1, Issue 5 Heterocyclic Compounds ChemInform Abstract: NITROHETEROCYCLEN MIT ANTIPARASITAERER WIRKUNG P. SCHMIDT, P. SCHMIDTSearch for more papers by this authorK. EICHENBERGER, K. EICHENBERGERSearch for more papers by this authorA. ILVESPAEAE, A. ILVESPAEAESearch for more papers by this authorM. WILHELM, M. WILHELMSearch for more papers by this author P. SCHMIDT, P. SCHMIDTSearch for more papers by this authorK. EICHENBERGER, K. EICHENBERGERSearch for more papers by this authorA. ILVESPAEAE, A. ILVESPAEAESearch for more papers by this authorM. WILHELM, M. WILHELMSearch for more papers by this author First published: February 3, 1970 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.197005169Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume1, Issue5February 3, 1970 RelatedInformation

Angewandte ChemieVolume 79, Issue 22 p. 987-988 Versammlungsberichte Reaktionen heterocyclischer Amine mit Formaldehyd Dr. K. Eichenberger (Vortr.), Dr. K. Eichenberger (Vortr.) Chemische Forschungslaboratorien der Pharmazeutischen Abteilung, CIBA Aktiengesellschaft CH-4000 BaselSearch for more papers by this authorDr. F. A. Stuber, Dr. F. A. Stuber Chemische Forschungslaboratorien der Pharmazeutischen Abteilung, CIBA Aktiengesellschaft CH-4000 BaselSearch for more papers by this authorDr. Paul Schmidt, Dr. Paul Schmidt Chemische Forschungslaboratorien der Pharmazeutischen Abteilung, CIBA Aktiengesellschaft CH-4000 BaselSearch for more papers by this author Dr. K. Eichenberger (Vortr.), Dr. K. Eichenberger (Vortr.) Chemische Forschungslaboratorien der Pharmazeutischen Abteilung, CIBA Aktiengesellschaft CH-4000 BaselSearch for more papers by this authorDr. F. A. Stuber, Dr. F. A. Stuber Chemische Forschungslaboratorien der Pharmazeutischen Abteilung, CIBA Aktiengesellschaft CH-4000 BaselSearch for more papers by this authorDr. Paul Schmidt, Dr. Paul Schmidt Chemische Forschungslaboratorien der Pharmazeutischen Abteilung, CIBA Aktiengesellschaft CH-4000 BaselSearch for more papers by this author First published: 21. November 1967 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.19670792225AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionAdd to favorites ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume79, Issue2221. November 1967Pages 987-988 This is the German version of Angewandte Chemie. Note for articles published since 1962: Do not cite this version alone. Take me to the International Edition version with citable page numbers, DOI, and citation export. We apologize for the inconvenience. RelatedInformation

4-[5-Amino-3-(4-pyridyl)-1 pyrazolyl]-1-methyl-piperidine (CIBA 31531-Ba) was found to have a relatively pronounced vasodilator effect on the pulmonary circulation in the open chest, right heart-bypass cat with fixed cardiac output. This compound most probably has a direct effect on the vascular smooth muscle.

AbstractBy methylation of 1‐phenyl‐5‐sulfanilamido‐pyrazole in alkaline medium N1‐Methyl‐1‐phenyl‐5‐sulfanilamido‐pyrazole has been isolated, the structure of which is proved by an unambiguous synthesis.