Cellular automata (CA) are computational systems that exhibit complex global behavior arising from simple local rules, making them a fascinating candidate for various research areas. However, challenges such as limited flexibility and efficiency on conventional hardware platforms still exist. In this study, we propose a memristor-based circuit for implementing elementary cellular automata (ECA) by extending the stateful three-memristor logic operations derived from material implication (IMP) logic gates. By leveraging the inherent physical properties of memristors, this approach offers simplicity, minimal operational steps, and high flexibility in implementing ECA rules by adjusting the circuit parameters. The mathematical principles governing circuit parameters are analyzed, and the evolution of multiple ECA rules is successfully demonstrated, showcasing the robustness in handling the stochastic nature of memristors. This approach provides a hardware solution for ECA implementation and opens up new research opportunities in the hardware implementation of CA.

The linear compressor provides the indispensable pressure ratio and mass flow for the Joule-Thomson (J-T) throttling refrigerator. The piston of the single-piston linear compressor will be offset from its initial position at a high-pressure ratio, which may result in reduced compressor performance. Three methods of controlling the offset are compared in the paper, which is adopting the symmetrical dual-piston structure, increasing the initial clearance volume, and applying direct current (DC) voltage, respectively. The linear compressor was tested with nitrogen, and the performance of the linear compressor with different adjustment methods was evaluated. The experimental results reveal that the symmetrical dual-piston structure can considerably improve the piston offset and ensure the remarkable performance of the compressor. The method of applying DC voltage can also achieve good performance, but it increases the copper loss of the motor and the complexity of the operation. The research furnishes an effective quantitative analysis for mitigating piston offset and supplies the direction for optimizing compressor performance.

This paper proposes an advanced encryption standard (AES) cryptosystem based on memristive neural network. A memristive chaotic neural network is constructed by using the nonlinear characteristics of a memristor. A chaotic sequence, which is sensitive to initial values and has good random characteristics, is used as the initial key of AES grouping to realize "one-time-one-secret" dynamic encryption. In addition, the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) algorithm is applied to encrypt the initial values of the parameters of the memristive neural network. The results show that the proposed algorithm has higher security, a larger key space and stronger robustness than conventional AES. The proposed algorithm can effectively resist initial key-fixed and exhaustive attacks. Furthermore, the impact of device variability on the memristive neural network is analyzed, and a circuit architecture is proposed.

The hybrid DC circuit breaker (HDCB) is widely regarded as one of the most promising solutions to solve fault current interruptions of VSC-based DC grids. However, a large number of power electronic modules connected in series in the transfer branch lead to considerable cost of the conventional two-port HDCB. In order to effectively solve this problem, a multiport hybrid DC circuit breaker based on controllable active oscillation circuit (CAOC-MPHDCB) is proposed in this paper. By sharing the expensive transfer branch, the proposed CAOC-MPHDCB can effectively reduce the construction cost. In addition, the main branches are only composed of an ultra-fast mechanical switch, and the CAOC can utilize a pre-charged voltage with low amplitude to generate a negative voltage with high amplitude on the transfer branch to assist with the current commutation. Under this design, the proposed CAOC-MPHDCB has the advantages of low operation loss, low voltage level of pre-charged system and high reliability. Finally, the effectiveness of proposed CAOC-MPHDCB is verified based on PSCAD/EMTDC simulations.

Current robot path planning methods only consider local obstacle avoidance, and there are conflicts between global planning path and local planning path, resulting in the planned path is not global optimal and the planning efficiency of the method is low. In order to solve the above problems, the autonomous global path planning method of substation remote patrol robot is studied. After establishing the kinematic plane model of the remote patrol robot, the kinematic relation of the robot in space is determined according to the coordinate relation. Artificial potential field is introduced to calculate the initial heuristic information of ant colony algorithm, and the left and right planning path is obtained by bidirectional search. Experimental results show that the average path planning time of the proposed method is 22.92ms, and the number of robot collisions is significantly reduced, which effectively ensures the safety of patrol work.

Epilepsy is a serious neurological condition caused by a sudden abnormality of brain neurons. An accurate epilepsy detection based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals can provide vital information for diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we propose a lightweight automatic epilepsy detection system with artificial neural network based on our as-fabricated neuromorphic chip. The proposed system utilizes a neural network model to achieve high-accuracy detection without the need for epilepsy-related prior knowledge. The model uses a filter module and a convolutional neural network to preprocess the raw EEG signal and uses a long short-term memory recurrent neural network and a fully connected network as the classifier. In the examination, the classification accuracy of the normal cases and seizures approaches 99.10%, and the accuracy of the normal cases, and interictal and seizure cases can reach 94.46%. This design provides possible epilepsy detection in wearable or portable devices.

Against the background of the application of the Voltage Source Converter (VSC)-based DC grid technology, fault isolation by combining the converter without fault self-clearing ability with DC circuit breaker (DCCB) is one of the most promising solutions for multi-terminal DC system protection. However, in order to ensure the selectivity of protection, the traditional two-port DCCB needs to be configured at both ends of each DC line, and the huge investment cost limits its largescale application. In view of the above problems, a multi-port hybrid DC circuit breaker based on current injection (CIMPHCB) is proposed in this paper. Multiple DC lines effectively reduce the cost under the premise of ensuring selectivity by sharing one transfer branch and energy dissipation branch. In the CI-MPHCB transfer branch, the thyristor is used to replace IGBT as the switching element, which cooperate the pre-charge capacitor are used to realize the transfer of fault current, which further reduces the cost while ensuring the bidirectional blocking of fault current. Finally, the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed CI-MPHCB are verified based on PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform.

This paper proposes an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption technique based on memristive neural network. A memristive chaotic neural network is constructed by the use of the nonlinear characteristics of the memristor. The chaotic sequence, which is sensitive to the initial value and has good random characteristics, is used as the initial key of AES grouping to realize "one-time-one-secret" dynamic encryption. Results show that the algorithm has higher security, larger key space and stronger robustness than the conventional AES. It can effectively resist the initial key fixed and exhaustive attacks.

With features of negligible operating losses and low construction cost, mechanical direct current circuit breakers (DC-CBs) with auto-reclosing function have promising application prospects in DC system with overhead lines to ensure its reliability, flexibility and stability. In order to realize reliable current interruption and auto-reclosing of mechanical DC-CBs with current commutation drive circuit (CCDC), novel operating strategy for mechanical DC-CBs with CCDC during the whole process of dealing with DC faults, including current interruption sub-process and auto-reclosing sub-process, is proposed first. Then, operating characteristic of mechanical DC-CB with CCDC and its equivalent circuit during different stages of the whole process of dealing with faults are analyzed, and impacts of capacitor (C) in DC circuit breaker on transient interruption voltage of ultra-fast mechanical switch, characteristics of residual current, and reclosing current are analyzed. Finally, based on impacts of capacitor, design criterion of capacitor in accordance with DC system parameters are proposed. In the end, case study is carried out in PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the theoretical analysis and the design criterion of capacitor.

OBJECTIVE:High-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the major causes for most anal and penile cancers and oropharyngeal cancers in men, and vaccination against HPV is recommended for the prevention of these cancers. Data on HPV infection in Chinese men is still limited, which requires further investigation to guide vaccine development and assess the effectiveness of HPV vaccines. We thus studied the HR-HPV genotype distribution in HPV-infected men in Northern China.PATIENTS AND METHODS:Genital specimens were obtained from male patients (≥18 years old) at the clinic for sexually transmitted infections of the Shandong Provincial Hospital between January 2016 and December 2018. Samples were analyzed for 15 HR-HPV genotypes, and 2 low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) genotypes using a multiplex real-time quantitive polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay.RESULTS:Of 1,163 participants enrolled, 426 patients were diagnosed as verruca acuminata (CA) and 737 were asymptomatic men. The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 42% (489/1,163), and 27.4% (319/1,163) were positive for HR-HPV. HPV 16 (5.2%, 61/1,163) was the most common HR genotype overall, followed by HPV 52 (4.6%, 54/1,163), 51 (4.3%, 50/1,163), 18 (4.1%, 48/1,163), and 39 (4.0%, 47/1,163). Genotypes 16, 52, 39, 51, and 18 were most prevalent in CA patients, and 16, 51, 18, 59, and 39 in asymptomatic men. Prevalence of genotypes 31, 33, and 45 covered by the 9-valent HPV prophylactic vaccine was low in the assessed region.CONCLUSIONS:HPV 16, 52, 51, 18, 39, and 59 were the most common HR genotypes detected in men in Northern China. Importantly, HPV 39, 51, and 59 are not currently covered by either the 4-valent or 9-valent HPV vaccines.

2019 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials ,High Performance Three-Terminal Synaptic Transistor based on Ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr 0.5O2/Tungsten Disulfide for Neuromorphic Computing

An embodiment of the invention provides a reactive power scheduling method for a photovoltaic-energy storage cluster of a power distribution network. The method comprises steps as follows: a reactivepower operating interval is judged, and a to-be-adjusted value delta Q of reactive power is determined according to a scheduling value Q and actually measured reactive power Qpcc at a grid connectionpoint and in combination with local voltage threshold-crossing conditions; reactive power of each energy storage equipment and each small photovoltaic power station are scheduled according to the sizeof delta Q; when delta Q is larger than zero, scheduling of increasing the reactive power is performed on each energy storage equipment and each small photovoltaic power station, otherwise, delta Q is equal to absolute delta Q, and scheduling of decreasing the reactive power is performed on each energy storage equipment and each small photovoltaic power station. A power grid scheduling departmentobtains originally absent reactive power scheduling capacity, the voltage exceeding problem is reduced and even avoided, and the method can cope with complicated and variable field working conditions.

OBJECTIVE: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model commonly used in research on the acute phase of multiple sclerosis (MS), but studies on the pathology and pathogenesis of EAE with a long disease course are seldom conducted. Besides its antioxidant properties, the comprehensive mechanisms through which alpha-lipoic acid (LA) affects EAE remain obscure. We here conducted the study to explore the possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study. the following methods were used for investigating the effects of LA on long-term EAE: hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) and electron microscopic examinations of pathological changes: Western blotting of beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) and myelin basic protein (MBP); Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as flow cytometry of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). RESULTS: The results showed: (1) diverse pathological features of long-term relapsing-remitting EAE; (2) relatively increased MBP and reduced beta-APP expression In LA recipients 180 days after onset; (3) down-regulated TNF-alpha and up-regulated TGF-beta levels in LA recipients 7 days after onset; (4) lower MDA and higher SOD levels in LA recipients 180 days after onset; (5) increased Treg levels in LA recipients 7 days after onset. CONCLUSIONS: Aside from oxidative stress, LA possessed anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects on EAE. LA might be a promising candidate for MS treatment.

2018 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Realization of High Performance and Flexibility Thermoelectric Module via Hybrid Carbon-Based Materials and Bi2Te3 Alloy

The utility model discloses a simulation circuit breaker. The simulation circuit breaker comprises a core circuit, peripheral circuits and a panel, wherein the core circuit is used for simulating the work of a real circuit breaker, and the peripheral circuits and the panel are used for ensuring the reliability of the work. The core circuit of the simulation circuit breaker is formed through a manner than a pair of normally-open contacts and a pair of normally-closed contacts of a two-position relay are respectively and serially connected with contactors and is used for simulating the electrical characteristics of the work of the circuit breaker; and the peripheral circuits comprise a control circuit, a protection circuit and a signal circuit, wherein the control circuit is used for realizing manual switch-off/on through being connected with control buttons based on the core circuit, the protection circuit is used for preventing the circumstances, such as overcurrent and overvoltage, through connecting a fuse wire with an input end of the two-position relay, and the signal circuit is used for simulating the indication at a switch-off/on state through serially connecting red and green indicating lights with auxiliary contacts of the two-position relay.

FinFET is the most promising double-gate transistor architecture [1] to extend scaling over planar device. We present a high-performance and low-power FinFET module at 25 nm gate length. When normalized to the actual fin perimeter, N-FinFET and P-FinFET have 1200 and 915 µA/µm drive current respectively at 100nA/µm leakage under 1V. To our knowledge this is the best FinFET drive current at such scaled gate length. This scaled gate length enables this FinFET transistor for 32nm node insertion. With aggressive fin pitch scaling, the effective transistor width is approximately 1.9X and 2.7X over planar for typical logic and SRAM on the same layout area (i.e., silicon real estate). Due to superior electrostatics and reduced random dopant fluctuation, this high drive current can be readily traded with V DD scaling for low power.

Potentiometric behaviors of a salt-bridge supported bilayer lipid membrane (Sb-BLM) modified with Calix[n]arene (n=4, 6, 8) derivatives are described for some alkali metal ions. The modified Sb-BLM was used as an alkali cation sensor. The membrane potentials were observed to generate Nernstian responses to the concentration of alkali metal ions in electrolyte. The Sb-BLM modified with the calix[n]arenes show high selectivity for individual alkali metal ions: Calix[8]arenes for K+, calix[6]arenes for Cs+. Calix[4]arenes show no selectivity for any alkali ions. The interacting mechanism is also discussed.