The Chinese white wax scale insect, Ericerus pela, is an important resource insect in China. The rapid response of E. pela to decreasing temperatures plays key roles in the population distribution. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression of E. pela treated with low temperature using transcriptome analyses and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). The results showed that the cold resistance of E. pela involved changes in the expression of many genes. The genes were mainly involved in alcohol formation activity, lipid metabolism, membrane and structure, and oxidoreductase activity. According to the WGCNA results, some pathways related to cold resistance were found in the genes in the modules, such as cytoskeleton proteins, cytoskeleton protein pathway, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, glycerophospholipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, and thermogenesis. Some of the hub genes were nonspecific lipid-transfer proteins, DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 13, paramyosin, tropomodulin, and tubulin beta chain. In particular, the hub genes of the tan module included the heat shock protein (hsp) 10, hsp 60, hsp 70, and hsp 90 genes. Thirty-five antifreeze protein (afp) genes were identified according to the annotation results. Three afp genes were further identified among the hub genes. Six of these genes were selected for heterogeneous protein expression. One of them was expressed successfully. The thermal hysteresis activity (THA) analyses showed that the THA was 1.73°C. These results showed that the cytoskeleton, lipid metabolism, thermogenesis, HSPs and AFPs may play important roles in the cold resistance of E. pela.

Through on-site inspection for the typical coal mines of each coal tectonic units in Southwest Guizhou as well as analysis of gas parameter, highlight information and gas control technology, the thesis makes the following conclusions. Namely, the overall state of coal seam gas occurrence in Southwest Guizhou mining area presents characteristics with high degree in north and west together with low degree in east. With regard to the existing problems in gas control of this region, it has put forward some suggestions. For example, people shall add test parameters for coal seam gas in most mines, find out status of the mine gas occurrence, make specialized design in terms of gas emission characteristics and perform strict management to ensure proper implementation. Moreover, people can carry out targeted research for outburst prevention indicator, establish suitable predictor system, optimize instrument and equipment, match with current advanced production technology, introduce professional talents and strengthen training for related technology and management personnel.

Previous studies showed that abscisic acid (ABA) play a role in oxidative and osmotic stress response of cyanobacteria cells. Whether it has function in metal stress response remains unclear. The effect of exogenous Abscisic Acid on Cu2+ -Stress resistance of bloom-forming cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa was studied in this paper. The results showed that 20 mg. l-l exogenous ABA can effectively enhance the resistance ability of Microcystis aeruginosa cells to Cu2+ -stress at the concentration of 0.25 mg.l-l. Exogenous ABA can restore the growth inhibition by elevating chlorophyll a, phycocyanin and allophycocyanin protein content in Cu2+ -stressed cells. ABA helps absorbing more metal ions to decrease its toxicity by inducing solvable protein and cellular polysaccharides biosynthesis. By promoting the Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Peroxidase activities, exogenous ABA can effectively help scavenge the excess superoxide radicals in the cells caused by Cu2+ -Stress. These results indicated that ABA might also play important role in metal-stress response and resistance.

Soft rot is a major disease of calla lily (Zantedeschia spp.) and other important crops worldwide. In this report, the bacterial isolate ZT0505 proved to be a soft rot pathogen of calla lily growing around Kunming (subtropical China) and was identified as Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. The weight of macerated tuber tissue caused by inoculation of the isolate and incubation for 36 h at 22, 25, 28 and 32 degrees C, was 0.21, 0.62, 0.67, and 0.60 g/tuber, respectively. The extent of tuber maceration was significantly less (65.0-68.7%) at 22 degrees C than at 25-32 degrees C, while 28 degrees C yielded the highest amount of macerated tissue. The bacterium grew faster at 32 degrees C than at 22-28 degrees C. The highest pectate lyase (PL) activity of isolate ZT0505 was found at 28 degrees C, a value much higher than the 14-17 degrees C range at which P carotovorum subsp. carotovorum strains from more temperate regions are usually found to have the highest PL activity. Temperature effect on PL activity tallied with that on tuber maceration. After 24 h incubation at pH 6.3, 7.0, 7.3, the weight of macerated tissue was 0.17, 0.61, 0.61 g/tuber, respectively. The extent of maceration increased when lengthening the incubation time. Tuber maceration at p1-1 6.3 was significantly less (54.9-72.1%) than at pH 7.0 and 7.3 after 2436 h incubation. Bacterial growth at pH 6.3 was significant slower than at pH 7.0 and 7.3. A good correlation between PL activity and extent of tuber maceration at the various pHs was found only when PL activity assays were conducted at similar pHs.

Maize seedlings were put in drought stress after heat-shock pretreatment at 42℃ for 4 hours,it was found that heat shock not only significantly increased survival percentage of maize seedlings to drought stress,but also increased fresh weight,seedling height,content of chlorophyll and water potential,indicating that heat-shock could induce drought resistance in maize seedlings.At the same time,it had been found that heat shock increased heat stable protein,GR activity,proline contents,decreased cytomembrane permeability during drought stress,indicating that heat shock enhanced drought tolerance of maize seedlings by increasing GR activity,heat stable protein and the content of proline contents to protect cell membrane from destruction.