We investigate the interaction in a crystal between an intense coherent polariton wave, whose amplitude is close to the threshold for Mandelstam-Brillouin scattering, and a background of scattered-polariton "noise." Correlations between scattered polaritons and phonons emitted during this scattering are taken into account, leading to the creation of mixed phononpolariton modes. Near threshold, the decay rate of one of these modes reduces to zero, and the number of quanta in the mode grows. Backscattering leads to the appearance of fluctuations in the forward waves, consisting of correlated polariton pairs. We describe the system using diagram techniques devised for nonequilibrium processes, and solve Dyson-type equations in the so-called T-approximation, in which the usual polarization operators for polaritons and phonons do not depend on the amplitude of the coherent wave while the anomalous phononpolariton polarization operator is linear in this amplitude. We show that near threshold the Tapproximation ceases to be useful, due to accumulation of quanta in the weakly-damped mode; this leads formally to an increase in the number of diagrams, along with an increase in the order of perturbation theory to which the phonon-polariton interaction must be treated. We show that this problem can be avoided if we include a large number of single-loop diagrams in the expressions for the polarization operators, in which case near threshold all "dressed" diagrams become first order (as in the theory of phase transitions); a full solution of the problem then requires use of the renormalization group. In this paper we set up a selfconsistent approximation for treating a simplified one-dimensional system (for example, polaritons in an optical fiber), taking into account only the single-loop diagrams in the polarization operators.

Initially put forward by Moskalenko and Blatt et al., the idea of a possible Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) of excitons in semiconductors has attracted the attention of both experimentalists and theoreticians for more than three decades. At different stages of this long history, the results of their efforts have been described and discussed in review articles. A brief introduction and summary of the main qualitative conclusions of this older work is presented here (Sections 1 and 2), followed by a more detailed discussion of some more recent developments (Sections 3 and 4).

Selected Papers of Leonid V Keldysh, pp. 185-189 (2023) No AccessTime-dependent Brillouin scattering of an intense polariton waveL. V. Keldysh and S. G. TikhodeevL. V. KeldyshP. N. Lebedev Physics Institute, USSR Academy of Sciences, Russia and S. G. TikhodeevInstitute of General Physics, USSR Academy of Sciences, Russiahttps://doi.org/10.1142/9789811279461_0028Cited by:0 (Source: Crossref) PreviousNext AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsRecommend to Library ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract: It is shown that the amplitude of the anti-Stokes line in a Brillouin-scattering spectrum can oscillate with time following the onset of an intense coherent polariton wave. The initial evolution of the correlated noise of scattered polaritons is investigated under conditions such that the intensity of the transmitted polariton wave greatly exceeds the stimulated-scattering threshold. FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Recommended Selected Papers of Leonid V KeldyshMetrics History PDF download

Owing to state support in the scientific journal development programs* it became possible to carry out a 2015 contest for the best UFN article of 2014.An analogous competition was carried out in 2014 (participants in the competition were articles of 2013, see UFN 185 (1) 2 (2015) [Phys.Usp.58 (1) 1 (2015)]).As the assistance in journal development programs was extended, a competition of publications of 2014 was held.As the last year, it was decided to carry out the contest separately for ``Reviews of topical problems'' and for papers from other UFN rubrics (two sets of nominations).The authors of monographic reviews published in UFN during 21 years (from 1994 to 2015) were again invited as experts (of course, except for the authors of reviews and articles of 2014).Unfortunately, this time concrete nominations were proposed by only 85 experts.This time it was not so unexpected for us that 76 out of 98 papers published in the rubrics entering the so-called Citable Items databases of Web of Science were nominated for the Prize.In our opinion, this shows that virtually each paper published in UFN in 2014 (the same as in 2013) was also believed by someone of the expert authors to be the best, that is, the larger part of the articles of 2014 also found their interested and thoughtful readers, which affords pleasure.The ranged list of articles nominated by the expert authors was delivered to the members of the UFN editorial board asking them to take into account this list and propose on its basis a list of nominations for the 2014 UFN Prize according to their personal preferences.Given as a reference is also the rating of these articles by citing according to the Web of Science data, to the UFN site data, and to the popularity of these articles in downloading from UFN and IOP sites.On the basis of nominations sent by the members of UFN editorial board, the nominated articles were again listed.As the difference in the number of votes of the members of UFN editorial board for the first four review articles was rather small, it was decided not to single out specially any of the reviews (not to give the Prize in the category ``Reviews of topical problems'' to one winner), but to refer to the authors of all the four reviews as laureates of UFN journal Competition ``Best UFN review of 2014'' and to pay a 75,000 rubes as prize for each of the reviews.Among the papers from the rubrics ``Physics of our days'', ``Instruments and methods of research'', ``Methodical notes'', ``From the history of physics'', ``Conferences and symposia'' most votes were given to the paper by V I Ritus (``From the history of physics''), the paper by Vaks V L et al. (``Devices and methods of research''), the paper by Kardashev N S et al. (``Physics of our days''), and the paper by Rubakov V A (``Physics of our days''), which received an absolute majority of votes of the UFN editorial board.All the four papers that received the majority of votes were decided to be thought of as winners of the competition in the nomination ``Best UFN articles of 2014''.Taking into account that V A Rubakov is the first deputy editor of UFN journal, he will not be paid royalties for this prize.Thus, the list of reviews and articles by the UFN competition winners of 2014 is as follows:Best UFN reviews of 2014 (laureates of the contest):

Vladislav Borisovich Timofeev, a Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). Vladislav Borisovich is an outstanding experimental physicist, well known for his scientific results in the field of semiconductors and solid state physics. He has published over 200 scientific papers, including 16 reviews and two monographs. V B Timofeev graduated from the Faculty of Physics of Kiev State University in 1959 and stayed at the Department of Optics as a senior laboratory assistant. In 1962, he was appointed a senior research worker. In the following year, he was invited to the Chair of Optics at the University of Chernovitsy, where he took the position of Assistant Professor. In 1959, Vladislav Borisovich began active studies on the optical properties of semiconductors, with a particular emphasis on the examination of exciton±phonon spectra of cuprous oxide and phenomena related to spatial dispersion in the exciton region. The results obtained were acknowledged by the scientific community and underlay the Candidate's degree thesis, ``Quasiline absorption spectra of inorganic crystals'', which he defended in 1964. Beginning in 1966, V B Timofeev carried out some investigations concerned with the methods of precision spectrum interferential measurements and with holography, where he proposed methods of reference-free holographing. In 1967, V B Timofeev was invited to work as a Senior Researcher at the newly founded Institute of Solid State Physics (ISSP) RAS in Chernogolovka, not far from Moscow, which in due course became one of the leading research centers in Russia. V B Timofeev's entire further scientific activity and career are inseparably linked with ISSP RAS. At ISSP RAS, V B Timofeev has intensely and successfully developed a new direction related to the study of collective interactions in a system of nonequilibrium carriers and high-density excitons in semiconductors. V B Timofeev carried out research into nonequilibrium high-density electron±hole systems in direct band semiconductors (cadmium sulfide) and in semiconductors with an indirect forbidden band (germanium, silicon), in which he discovered basically new phenomena, namely, the exciton condensation to an electron±hole liquid in a polar direct-band semiconductor, a giant jump in photoconductivity under exciton metallization (Mott transition) in germanium, and exciton molecules in strained germanium and silicon crystals. He realized experimentally a new quantum objectÐa spin-oriented exciton gasÐand examined its quantum statistical properties at high densities. V B Timofeev comprehensively analyzed gas±liquid phase diagrams under exciton dielectric gas condensation to a metallic electron±hole liquid and, thus, laid the basis of the thermodynamics of nonequilibrium electron±hole systems. He revealed the giant probabilities of radiative recombination of exciton±impurity complexes in direct band semiconductors, as well as the phenomenon of their decay induced by the emission of acoustic phonons. V B Timofeev became a recognized leader in this new area in semiconductor physics. Part of the results of these studies was included in hisDoctor's degree thesis, ``Recombination emission of high-density excitons and nonequilibrium carriers'', successfully defended in 1975. V B Timofeev has often acutely changed the directions of his studies and has always achieved success. For instance, he was the first in the field of optical spectroscopy of hightemperature superconductors who carried out the study of inelastic light scattering attendant to the overgap excitations in oxide superconductors and revealed a strong scattering anisotropy resulting from the anisotropy of the superconducting gap. In the late 1980s, the scientific interests of V B Timofeev moved towards low-dimensional electron± hole and exciton systems in semiconductor heterostructures. Here, he discovered the effects of fractional quantization of Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 186 (9) 1027 ± 1028 (2016) DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.2016.08.037885 Translated by M V Tsaplina PERSONALIA PACS number: 01.60.+q

Виктор Павлович Силин (к 90-летию со дня рождения), Андреев Н.Е., Гуревич А.В., Карась В.И., Келдыш Л.В., Колачевский Н.Н., Кондратьев А.С., Крохин О.Н., Окулов В.И., Пелетминский С.В., Попов В.Ю., Рухадзе А.А., Урюпин С.А.

Валерий Анатольевич Рубаков (к 60-летию со дня рождения), Горбунов Д.С., Келдыш Л.В., Кравчук Л.В., Левков Д.Г., Либанов М.В., Матвеев В.А., Руденко О.В., Сажин М.В., Троицкий С.В., Фортов В.Е., Шапошников М.Е., Щербаков И.А.

and Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, celebrated his 80th birthday on 18 January 2013. Lev Petrovich Pitaevskii belongs to the constellation of brilliant theoretical physicists who were the crop of the famous school created by Lev Landau already in the 1930s. The very style of Landau's work and his universalism demanded the same from his pupils: erudition, a wide scope of outlook on physics, solid mathematical training, and the ability to tackle any problem in any interesting field of physics. L P Pitaevskii was one of Landau's ``youngest generation'' of pupils; his stardom as a brilliant scientist began to shine under the Teacher's direct influence. L P Pitaevskii's contribution to modern theoretical physics is enormous, living up to all expectations and demands thatLandauanticipated fromhis pupils. LPPitaevskii's range of interests covers a huge spectrum of physics problems: from his early work on liquid helium to fundamental problems of quantum statistics, from the physics of metals to quantum mechanics to plasma physics, from research in the physics of the ionosphere, and then again to the properties of quantum liquids at ultra-low temperatures. A great many of these results long ago found their way into textbooks and review papers. Before making an attempt to give at least a brief overview of the most significant stages of L P Pitaevskii's life in theoretical physics, we need to say a few words about the subject of this note. His biography is fairly typical of many of Landau's studentsof thepost-warSovietperiod.LPPitaevskii was born in Saratov. Having entered the University of Saratov, he became interested in physics and brilliantly passed the informal examinations of the famous ``Landau's theor-minimum''. In 1955, L D Landau invited him to postgraduate studies at the Institute for Physical Problems (now the P L Kapitza Institute for Physical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ð IPP); his official supervisor was E M Lifshitz. After graduating from the post-graduate program, he worked for a couple of years at the Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, the Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation of the USSR Academy of Sciences. From 1960 onwards, his life has been inextricably linked to the IPP. In 1976, L P Pitaevskii was elected to the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, as corresponding member and then in 1990 as full member. Since early 1990s, L P Pitaevskii has spentmost of his time in the Italian city of Trento. Without breaking his links with the IPP, he has worked at the University of Trento and in the Trento-based National Center for the Study of Bose±Einstein Condensation organized at Trento and headed by S Stringari. With a high degree of simplification, L P Pitaevskii's scientific universe can be divided into the following segments: I. Superfluidity of helium (He and He); II. electromagnetic radiation in media (Van der Waals and Casimir±Polder forces); III. plasma physics; IV. quantum liquids and Bose± Einstein condensation of cold atoms. This list can be expanded by adding a number of papers of a mathematical nature, such as his contributions to the theory of solitons. I. (a) Among his early results, the paper on the termination point of the excitation spectrum in superfluid helium (Sov. Phys. JETP 9 830 (1959) [Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 36 1168 (1959)]) impresses especially with its beauty and originality. The behavior implied by the processes of decay of excitations is such that the spectrum of quasiparticles cannot be extended beyond a certain value of momentum. The problem was solved by QFT techniques without introducing any assumptions on the weakness of the interaction. I. (b) In his spectacular paper ``On the superfluidity of liquid He'' (Sov. Phys. JETP 1

Director of the Division of Solid State Physics of the RAS Lebedev Physical Institute (FIAN in Russ. abbr.), Professor Yurii Vasil'evich Kopaev, died tragically on 24 December 2012 in a traffic accident. We lost a wonderful person loved by everyone, a physically and spiritually beautiful human being who lived and worked flamely and with enthusiasm, applying his extraordinary gift and invariably a grain of his soul to his every undertaking. The path that led this brilliant scientist to condensed matter physics is anything but typical. After graduating from a rural high school and a technical college of light industry (in 1956), Yu V Kopaev entered the Moscow Institute of Light Industry. It was there that he developed a keen interest in physics, mostly due to the influence of S S Vasil'ev, an excellent teacher, who took part in the early work on studying chain reactions. Yearning to do independent research work led YuV to transfer in 1959 to the Moscow Power Engineering Institute (MEI in Russ. abbr.). While still an MEI student, Kopaev indeed started independent research projects in the Department of Semiconductor Devices. On the recommendation of ProfessorKVShalimova (Head of the Department), L V Keldysh, then a young researcher at FIAN, agreed to supervise Kopaev's graduation thesis; this factor played a decisive role in Yu V Kopaev's scientific fate. Having graduated from MEI postgraduate studies in 1964 and after defending his PhD thesis (with LVKeldysh as his supervisor), he went to work in Zelenograd at the Research Institute ofMolecular Electronics. The young scientist immediately gained much authority already there: his special talent of actively generating fruitful ideas was obvious, and he generously shared them with colleagues. In 1970, Yu V Kopaev moved on to FIAN's Theoretical Physics Department, where he submitted and defended his Habilitation thesis for aDScdegree in 1972. In 1992,YuVKopaev rose to heading the Laboratory of Semiconductor Physics at the FIANDivision of Solid State Physics (OFTT), and in 1995 to directorship of the FIANOFTT. In 1964, Keldysh and Kopaev publish their famous paper on the theory of dielectric phase transitions (the Keldysh± Kopaev model), in which they showed that the modified Bardeen±Cooper±Schrieffer (BCS) formalism in the theory of superconductivity can be efficiently applied to describe metal±insulator phase transitions in solids. By analogy with the superconducting transition, the phase transition in the model can be interpreted as a Bose condensation of electron± hole pairs (excitons). Later on, the dielectric phase in the Keldysh±Kopaev model was given the name `exciton insulator', the term that is now commonly used. The Keldysh± Kopaev exciton insulator model gained the status of the standard method for description of interelectron correlations in the limit of weak interactions. Yu V Kopaev and his co-workers were able to show that the exciton insulatormodel describes a wide variety of experimentally observable states: charge and spin density waves (band antiferromagnetism), weak ferromagnetism of collectivized electrons, and the ferroelectric state in covalent crystals. They also studied various exotic states that arise in this model: states with spin and charge current waves (orbital antiferromagnetism). This last state is interesting in that under certain conditions it represents a qualitatively new type of ordered state in which the ordering parameter is the density of the toroidal dipole moment (toroidal moments form the third independent family of electromagnetic multipoles, along with the electric and magnetic moments). The hypothesis of spontaneous currents flowing in crystals is currently experiencing a genuine renaissance in connection with the discovery of a new class of solids known as topological insulators. In a topological insulator, spontaneous current (of electrons or spins) flows over the surface of the material. Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 183 (5) 557 ± 558 (2013) DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0183.201305j.0557 Translated by V I Kisin PERSONALIA PACS number: 01.60.+q

Academician Nikolai Semenovich Kardashev, distinguished astrophysicist, Head of the Astro Space Centre of the Lebedev Physical Institute (FIAN), Chairman of the Scientific Council on Astronomy of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), was born 80 years ago, on 25 April 1932.

30 ÂÒÓÇÎâ 2011 ÅÑAE ÐÇ ÔÕÂÎÑ ¦.¤.®ÂÍÔËÏÑÄÂ, ÚÎÇÐÂ-ÍÑÓÓÇÔÒÑÐAEÇÐÕ ²¡¯, ÊÂÄÇAEÖáÜÇÅÑ ÔÇÍÕÑÓÑÏ "´ÇÑÓËâ ÔÄÇÓØÒÓÑÄÑAEËÏÑÔÕË" °ÕAEÇÎÇ-ÐËâ ÕÇÑÓÇÕËÚÇÔÍÑÌ ×ËÊËÍË ËÏ. ª.¦.´ÂÏÏ ¶ª¡¯(°´ ¶ ¶ª¡¯).¦ÄÅÇÐËÌ ¤ÓËÅÑÓßÇÄËÚ ÒÓËÐÂAEÎÇÉÂÎ Í ÒÑÍÑÎÇÐËá, ÍÑÕÑÓÑÇ ÒÓËÛÎÑ Ä ×ËÊËÍÖ Ä 1960-Ç ÅÑAEÞ, Ä ÅÑAEÞ ÇÈ ÓÂÔÙÄÇÕÂ.±ÓÑ àÕÑ ÄÓÇÏâ ÒËÔÂÎË "¹ÕÑ-ÕÑ ×ËÊËÍË Ä ÒÑÚÇÕÇ, ÚÕÑ-ÕÑ ÎËÓËÍË Ä ÊÂÅÑÐÇ...".¿ÕÑ ÃÞÎË ÅÑAEÞ ÒÑAEÝÈÏ ÄÑ ÄÔÇÌ ÑÃÜÇÔÕÄÇÐÐÑÌ ÉËÊÐË ÔÕÓÂÐÞ, ÒÑÓÑAEËÄÛËÇ ÒÑÍÑÎÇ-ÐËÇ ÎáAEÇÌ ÂÍÕËÄÐÞØ, Ô ÛËÓÑÍËÏ ÍÓÖÅÑÏ ËÐÕÇÓÇÔÑÄ.´ÂÍËÏ ÃÞÎ Ë ¦.¤.®ÂÍÔËÏÑÄ ì ÍÓÖÒÐÇÌÛËÌ ÔÒÇÙËÂÎËÔÕ ÒÑ ÕÇÑÓËË ÔÄÇÓØÒÓÑÄÑ-AEËÏÑÔÕË, AEËÐÂÏËÍÇ ÓÇÛÈÕÍË, àÎÇÍÕÓÑÐ-×ÑÐÑÐÐÑÏÖ ÄÊÂËÏÑAEÇÌÔÕÄËá, ÓÂÔÚÈÕÂÏ ÔÄÑÌÔÕÄ ÏÂÕÇÓËÂÎÑÄ "ËÊ ÒÇÓÄÞØ ÒÓËÐÙËÒÑÄ" Ë ÔÇÅÐÇÕÑ-àÎÇÍÕÓËÚÇÔÕÄÖ, ÄÐÇÔÛËÌ ÄÂÉÐÞÌ ÄÍÎÂAE Ä ÓÂÊÄËÕËÇ àÕËØ ÑÃÎÂÔÕÇÌ.®ÐÑÅËÇ ×ËÊËÍË ÒÑÏÐâÕ ÇÅÑ ÄÞÔÕÖÒÎÇÐËâ ì ÄÔÇÅAE ÑÔÕÓÞÇ, âÓÍËÇ, ÂÓÕËÔÕËÚÐÞÇ, ÐÇ ÑÔÕÂÄÎâÄÛËÇ ÔÎÖÛÂÕÇÎÇÌ ÓÂÄÐÑAEÖÛÐÞÏË.¦.¤.®ÂÍÔËÏÑÄ ÓÑAEËÎÔâ 27 ÑÍÕâÃÓâ 1938 Å. Ä ÒÑÔÈÎÍÇ ¡ÒÓÇÎÇÄÍ ®ÑÔÍÑÄÔÍÑÌ ÑÃÎÂÔÕË, ËÊÄÇÔÕÐÑÏ ÔÄÑËÏ ÊÂÄÑAEÑÏ ÅÓÂÏÒÎÂÔÕËÐÑÍ.¯Â àÕÑÏ ÊÂÄÑAEÇ ÓÂÃÑÕÂÎ ÇÅÑ ÑÕÇÙ, ¤ÓËÅÑÓËÌ £ÂÔËÎßÇÄËÚ ®ÂÍÔËÏÑÄ, ÒÑÅËÃÛËÌ Ð ×ÓÑÐÕÇ Ä 1943 Å. £ÔÇ ÊÂÃÑÕÞ Ñ ÔÇÏßÇ ÎÇÅÎË Ð ÒÎÇÚË ÏÂÕÇÓË, ¡ÐÐÞ ¤ÂÄÓËÎÑÄÐÞ ¬ÖÎÇÛÑÄÑÌ.µÚËÎÔâ ¨ÇÐâ ØÑÓÑÛÑ, ÛÍÑÎÖ ÑÍÑÐÚËÎ Ô ÊÑÎÑÕÑÌ ÏÇAEÂÎßá.£ ÛÍÑÎÇ ÒËÔÂÎ ÔÕËØË, ÑÕÎËÚÂÎÔâ ÊÂÏÇÚÂÕÇÎßÐÑÌ ×ÑÕÑÅÓÂ×ËÚÇÔÍÑÌ ÒÂÏâÕßá ì ÏÑÅ, ÒÑÔÏÑÕÓÇÄ 1 ÏËÐÖÕÖ Ð ÔÕÓÂÐËÙÖ ÐÇÏÇÙÍÑÅÑ ÕÇÍÔÕÂ, ÄÑÔÒÓÑËÊÄÇÔÕË ÇÈ AEÑÔÎÑÄÐÑ.£ 1955 Å. ¦.¤.®ÂÍÔËÏÑÄ ÒÑÔÕÖÒËΠР¶ËÊËÚÇÔÍËÌ ×ÂÍÖÎßÕÇÕ ®¤µ, ÅAEÇ Ä ÕÑ ÄÓÇÏâ ÚËÕÂÎË ÎÇÍÙËË ª.¬.¬ËÍÑËÐ, .¥. ÂÐAEÂÖ, ®.¡.ÇÑÐÕÑÄËÚ Ë AEÓÖÅËÇ ÄÞAEÂáÜËÇÔâ ×ËÊËÍË.£ 1963 Å. ÑÐ ÃÞÎ ÒÓËÐâÕ Ä ÂÔÒËÓÂÐÕÖÓÖ °´ ¶ ¶ª¡¯, Ô ÍÑÕÑÓÞÏ Ä AEÂÎßÐÇÌÛÇÏ ÃÞΠÔÄâÊÂРÄÔâ ÇÅÑ ÐÂÖÚÐÂâ AEÇâÕÇÎßÐÑÔÕß.¦ÅÑ ÓÖÍÑÄÑAEËÕÇÎÇÏ ÃÞÎ ¥ÂÄËAE ¡ÃÓÂÏÑÄËÚ ¬ËÓÉÐËÙ ì ÕÇÑÓÇÕËÍ-ÖÐËÄÇÓÔÂÎ, ÖÔÒÇÛÐÑ ÓÂÃÑÕÂÄÛËÌ Ä âAEÇÓÐÑÌ ×ËÊËÍÇ, ÂÔÕÓÑ×ËÊËÍÇ, ÍÄÂÐÕÑÄÑÌ ÕÇÑÓËË ÒÑÎâ Ë ÕÇÑÓËË ÍÑÐAEÇÐÔËÓÑÄÂÐÐÑÅÑ ÔÑÔÕÑâÐËâ.µ ÐÇÅÑ ¦.¤.ÐÂÖÚËÎÔâ ÔÄÑÃÑAEÐÑÏÖ ÄÎÂAEÇÐËá ÂÒÒÂÓÂÕÑÏ ÕÇÑÓÇÕËÚÇÔÍÑÌ ×ËÊËÍË, ÔÕÓÑÅÑÔÕË ÂÐÂÎËÊÂ, ÑÃÝÇÍÕËÄÐÑÌ ÑÙÇÐÍÇ ÔÄÑËØ Ë ÚÖÉËØ ÓÇÊÖÎßÕÂÕÑÄ

Александр Александрович Каплянский (к 80-летию со дня рождения), Александров Е.Б., Алферов Ж.И., Багаев С.Н., Басиев Т.Т., Забродский А.Г., Кведер В.В., Келдыш Л.В., Новиков Б.В., Осико В.В., Сурис Р.А., Тимофеев В.Б., Щербаков И.А.

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Александр Фёдорович Андреев (к 70-летию со дня рождения), Абрикосов А.А., Алферов Ж.И., Беляев С.Т., Боярчук А.А., Каган Ю.М., Келдыш Л.В., Лебедев В.В., Матвеев В.А., Месяц Г.А., Паршин А.Я., Прозорова Л.А., Халатников И.М.

sponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Honoured Scientist of the Russian Federation, died on 3 May 2008. M.D. Galanin was the head of the Russian school of luminescence, a closest pupil and successor of the founder of this school academician S.I. Vavilov. The fundamental studies of M.D. Galanin in the éelds of luminescence, laser physics and nonlinear optics are well known in our country and abroad. Mikhail Dmitrievich Galanin was born on 7 February 1915 in Moscow. After graduating in optics from the Department of physics of Moscow State University in 1938, he went to Lebedev Physics Institute, RAS, where he defended his master degree under the supervision of S.M. Rytov and started to work in June 1938. From this time and till his last days, all the scientiéc life of M.D. Galanin is connected with FIAN. In September 1939 he was admitted to graduate school at FIAN, but already in November of that year he was called up for military service in the Red Army. M.D. Galanin took part in the Great Patriotic War, serving in communication units, and had war decorations. In September 1945 Mikhail Dmitrievich returns to graduate school at FIAN and in 1948 he defends his PhD thesis. His scientiéc supervisor was S.I. Vavilov. From 1963 to 1988 M.D. Galanin was the head of the Laboratory of Luminescence at FIAN and from 1970 to 1987 he was the Chairman of the Scientiéc Council on the problem Luminescence and the Development of Its Applications in the National Economy. In 1976 M.D. Galanin was awarded the gold S.I. Vavilov medal and in 2001 ë the P.N. Lebedev gold medal. The investigations of electronic energy transfer in condensed media performed by M.D. Galanin brought him the scientiéc authority in Russian physics and then the worldwide fame. The results of theoretical interpretations of comprehensive and sophisticated experimental data carried out by M.D. Galanin formed the basis of the general theory of electronic energy transfer in condensed media (the F orster ëDexter ëGalanin theory). This theory is successfully used in solid-state physics, photochemistry, molecular biology and other scientiéc éelds. In 1978 a monograph of M.D. Galanin (together with V.M. Agranovich) `Electronic excitation energy transfer in condensed media' was published. In the 1950th M.D. Galanin with collaborators performed a series of studies devoted to radioluminescene. The results obtained in these works had a large practical signiécance and were used for the development of highly efécient scintillators. In September 1961 the group of M.D Galanin obtained lasing in ruby, and the érst publications in our country on the study of a ruby laser belong to Mikhail Dmitrievich and his collaborators. He was the érst in our country who began to use lasers, in particular, picosecond lasers for luminescent studies. M.D. Galanin discovered two-photon dichroism in liquids, luminescence quenching by intense light êuxes, anti-Stokes Raman scattering by the electronic levels of dye molecules, and a number of other effects. From 1948 to 1969 M.D. Galanin was a teacher at the Chair of General Physics at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and then, from 1969 to 1989, he was the Head of the Chair of Quantum Radiophysics at MIPhT. The students of Mikhail Dmitrievich at MIPhT will remember him for many years. The book of M.D. Galanin `Luminescence of molecules and crystals' published in 1999 in which the fundamentals of luminescence are presented is addressed to students. This book became worldwide known and was highly estimated by researchers. M.D. Galanin was an innate experimenter. He always boldly and with interest adopted new experimental methods and had a great scientiéc authority both in our country and abroad. However, he had only slightly more than a hundred of papers, which is quite natural for an experimental physicist who himself performed experiments and had simultaneously the time for teaching and science organisation activity. Mikhail Dmitrievich was a modest and exacting man who was always friendly to people independent of their status. He was a real intelligent in the highest sense of this word used in Russia. Being the head of a large scientiéc laboratory for many years, M.D. Galanin never was `simply' a chief and was always accessible to all collaborators and students. For many years M.D. Galainin was a member of the editorial councils of Quantum Electronics and Applied Spectroscopy. Mikhail Dmitrievich will always remain in the memory of his pupils and collaborators.