To understand the effects of endophytic fungus Y118 on the physiological characteristics of Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC after co-culture with its host Zanthoxylum nitidum, we measured the plant growth index (dry root weight) of Zanthoxylum nitidum at different growth stages using the solid fermentation medium containing endophytic fungus Y118. Physiological and biochemical indexes (defensive enzyme activity) were determined by chromatographic analysis of the contents of nitidum chloride and chelidonine, the main active ingredients in Zanthoxylum nitidum root. At 3, 9 and 12 months, the root dry weight of the treatment group was 12.24, 1.56 and 1.47 times higher than that of the control group, respectively (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). At 9 and 12 months, the peroxidase (POD) activity of the treatment group was increased significantly from the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). At 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity of the treatment group was significantly different from that of the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). At 12 months, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents of the treatment group were markedly increased from the control group (P < 0.05). At 6 and 9 months, nitidine chloride content in the treatment group was significantly increased from the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). At 9 months, chelidonine content in the treatment group was significantly increased from the control group (P < 0.01). Inoculation with the endophytic fungus Y118 significantly improved the physiological tolerance of Zanthoxylum nitidum and promoted the growth of Zanthoxylum nitidum, thereby enhancing the quality of Zanthoxylum nitidum. This implicates Y118 as a potential artificial fertilizer for Zanthoxylum nitidum.

草甘膦以其出色的除草效果和安全性,已成为全球范围内用量最大、使用范围最广的除草剂.本文对草甘膦的市场现状、合成工艺、生产废水处理、应用中存在的问题等进行综述,以期为相关的从业者提供一些参考.

探讨精酿啤酒诞生史、发展及未来展望,分析精酿啤酒在国内发展状况,展望精酿啤酒的未来趋势并提出个人建议.

将0.32％丁硫·毒死蜱颗粒剂对蔗螟(条螟Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer和二点螟Chilo infuscatellus Snellen)用于田间试验,以明确其防效及适宜用量.试验结果表明,供试药剂在62.5 kg·667m-2以上剂量时,对蔗螟的防效超过84.13％,供试药剂各处理的理论亩产量均超过7291kg·667m-2.0.32％丁硫·毒死蜱颗粒剂用于防治甘蔗蔗螟时,合适的制剂用量为60～80 kg·667m-2.

为促进我国米糠资源的多样化利用和开发,介绍了米糠中的功能组分及其在化妆品领域的应用.米糠的功能组分主要有米糠油、米糠蛋白、植物甾醇、米糠多糖、维生素等.米糠在化妆品中的应用主要有两种途径,一是直接使用,二是提取的功效成分的应用.米糠中提取的功效成分如米糠油、谷维素、植物甾醇、二十八烷醇、维生素、植酸等,可赋与化妆品保湿、防晒、抗衰老、抗氧化、抗皱等功效.

牛大力不仅味道甘甜,而且具备较高的营养价值和药用价值,其加工的汤类产品越来越受消费者的喜爱.利用牛大力独特的风味物质成分,开发天然汤类产品将为汤类产业提供新的发展方向,汤类产品的发展对牛大力的精深加工具有重要的意义.文章主要阐述了我国牛大力的种质资源、食用研究概况、汤类产品的发展情况、加工技术、贮藏稳定性以及发展前景,为充分发挥牛大力的营养价值,提高牛大力产品的附加值,实现牛大力的社会价值和经济价值奠定了基础.

以40％唑草酮WDG、200 g/L氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯EC和30％草甘膦AS为对照药剂,进行复配药剂66％氯·唑·草甘膦WP防治林地杂草田间药效试验.结果表明:66％氯·唑·草甘膦WP对林地杂草有良好的防治效果,极显著优于对照药剂.建议使用剂量为1350 g a.i./ha.66％氯·唑·草甘膦WP安全性好、防效较高、持效期较长,可以进一步示范推广.

[Objective]The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of mesotrione in different for-mulations and technical materials to zebrafish,provide basic data for environmental ecological risk assessment for mesot-rione. At the same time,it could provide reference for rational use of this pesticide.[Method]Acute toxicity of mesotrione in different formulations and technical materials to zebrafish was evaluated using static test. Toxicity levels of median lethal concentrationto zebrafish in 96 h(96 h-LC50)for the tested pesticides were divided based on Experimental Guideline for Environmental Safety Evaluation of Chemical Pesticides(GB/T 31270.12-2014).[Result]Under the same exposure time,LC50 of mesotrione in different formulations and technical materials to zebrafish was different. 96 h-LC50(95%confi-dence limit)of 10%mesotrione oil dispersion(OD)was the lowest[6.70(5.18~8.15)mg a.i./L],followed by 10%mesot-rione suspension concentrate(SC),and 75%mesotrione water dispersible granule(WDG)which were 10.89(9.29-12.43) and 38.97(30.83-47.51)mg a.i./L respectively. 96 h-LC50 of 98%mesotrione technical material(TM)to zebrafish was the largest,more than 1.00 × 102 mg a. i./L. According to the Experimental Guideline for Environmental Safety Evaluation of Chemical Pesticides(GB/T 31270.12-2014),the toxicity of 10% mesotrione SC to zebrafish was moderate,while the others were low. The rank of toxicity was:10% mesotrione SC>10% mesotrione OD>75% mesotrione WDG>98%mesotrione TM.[Conclusion]Acute toxicity of mesotrione in different formulations and technical materials to zebrafish is different,the rank is as follows:mesotrione SC>mesotrione OD>mesotrione WDG>mesotrione TM. Therefore,in field cultivation,the formulations of pesticide should be selected accordingly,and the application dosage should be controlled to reduce the negative influence on fish caused by pesticides entering water area environment.

Glenea cantor Fabricius is an important stem borer of Gossampinus malbarica DC.in southern China.Biological characteristics of this species was studied through indoor rearing and field investigation.Results showed that G.cantor had 4 generations a year in Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,and mean generation duration was 70 d.G.cantor usually overwintered as the fourth instar larvae in host trunks or branches.Adults stayed in the pupal cells after eclosion for 5.97 ±1.11 d.Emergence of males was earlier than females for 2-3 d.Both males and females displayed the behaviors of complementary nutrition, weak phototaxis, and suspended animation.The diel oviposition was observed from 09:00 to 11:00 a.m and from 14:00 to 16:00 p.m,and the diel mating between 16:00 and 19:00 p.m.Mating behavior of females was observed after emergence for 2 d, but that of males for 4 d.Mating times was 15.12 ±7.02 times during their life span.Both sexes of G.cantor mate only once a day, and each mating duration was 3.23 ±0.97 h.Females preferred the stems and branches of weak trees to oviposit.The preoviposition period was 13.50 ±3.15 d.Oviposition number of per female was 117.31 ± 33.25.The average longevity of both female and male was 72.34 ±15.60 d and 46.22 ±14.38 d.

The effect of bifenthrin plus clothianidin 2% GR onalissonotum impressicolle arrow and alissonotum pauperburmeisten was investigated in this study. The control efficiency, optimal dosages and persistence were determined by field trial. The field trial was carried out using the randomized block design, and the significance of difference was performed by Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). At the concentration of 300g a.i./ha and 375 g a.i./ha, bifenthrin plus clothianidin 2% GR showed good control efficiency againstalissonotum impressicolle arrow andalissonotum pauper burmeisten with control of 84.07% and 87.46% in 90d after treatment 2014. The suitable concentration of 3% clothianidin cyfluthrin GR was 300 ~375 g a.i./ha.

[目的]探讨60％氧氟·丁噻隆WG防除甘蔗田杂草的可行性.[方法]采用等效线法评价丁噻隆与乙氧氟草醚对马唐和反枝苋的联合作用.采用芽前封闭试验测定60％氧氟·丁噻隆WG对杂草防效及甘蔗安全性.[结果]丁噻隆与乙氧氟草醚按有效成分5:1比例混配,对马唐和反枝苋的协同增效作用明显.药后60 d,60％氧氟·丁噻隆WG(600～1 200 g a.i./hm2)对杂草防效大于82％,对甘蔗安全.[结论]60％氧氟·丁噻隆WG防除甘蔗田杂草具有防效好、杀草谱广、对甘蔗安全等特点.

探讨甘蔗螟虫的化学防治,为筛选高效的防治药剂提供科学依据.采用蔗茎浸渍法测定了噻虫嗪、杀虫单及其混配对黄螟幼虫的室内毒力.结果表明噻虫嗪和杀虫单复配表现出明显的增效作用,噻虫嗪与杀虫单比值为1∶18时增效作用最显著,共毒系数为133.43.根据最佳配比配制成3.8％颗粒剂进行防治甘蔗螟虫的田间试验,结果表明3.8％杀虫单·噻虫嗪颗粒剂制剂用量55、70 kg/hm2施药90天后的防效分别为80.1％、85.4％,可作为防治甘蔗螟虫替代农药.

[目的]明确60％草甘膦·2甲4氯钠·氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯WP对桉树林地杂草的防治效果、最佳田间使用剂量及对桉树的安全性.[方法]采用行间定向茎叶喷雾施药,定期调查的方法进行田间药效试验.[结果]60％草甘膦·2甲4氯钠·氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯WP推荐剂量为1 687.5～2 250 g a.i./hm2,施药后30 d对杂草总体株防效、鲜质量防效均超过93％,防效优于50％草甘膦SP、56％2甲4氯钠SP和200 g/L氯氟吡氧乙酸EC单剂,且对桉树安全.[结论]60％草甘膦·2甲4氯钠·氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯WP能够有效防除桉树林地杂草并对桉树具有较好的安全性.

The quantitative determination of MCPA-Na and ethoxysulfuron by HPLC with Hypersil C18 column at 236nm was described. The mobile phase was acetonitrile+water(60+40). The results showed that the standard deviation was 0.38%and 0.022%, the coefficient of variation was 0.94%and 1.42%, and the recovery was 98.1%~101.0%and 98.4%~101.5%.

25% mefenacet · ethoxysulfuron effervescent tablet was prepared and field experiment was carried out. The result showed that the formulation of 25% mefenacet · ethoxysulfuron effervescent tablet was mefenacet 24%, ethoxysulfuron 1%, SDS 2%, MF-5 3%, citric acid 13.5%, sodium bicarbonate 16.5%, dextrin 3%, magnesium stearate 2.5%, white carbon black 34.5%. The control effect of weeds in rice field was over 90% at the dosage 375~525g(a.i) per hectare, the same as 53% mefenacet · bensulfuron-methyl WP and 15% ethoxysulfuron WDG, and there was no difference between them.

OBJECTIVE To isolate and identify endophytic fungi from Brucea javanica, and to detect the antimicrobial activity of these strains. METHODS Endophytic fungi were isolated by tissue inoculation culture and identified by conventional morphological characteristic method. Seven kinds of pathogenic fungi and three kinds of bacteria were used as targeting microbes to test microbial inhibition activities by agar plate antagonistic action and modified agar gel diffusion methods, respectively. RESULTS A total of 83 endophytic fungi strains were isolated from the root, stem, leaf and fruit of Brucea javanica. 34 strains were obtained from the stem, 32 strains were obtained from the leaf, 15 strains were isolated from the root and 2 strains came from the fruit. These 73 strains which had been identified attribute to 5 orders, 6 families and 12 genera. For the isolated strains, 14 strains had antifungal activities against at least one pathogenic fungi, 9 strains showed antibacterial activities against one or more bacteria. Especially, the strain YJ-17 which belonged to Phomopsis genus showed the best inhibitory effect on the targeting microbes. CONCLUSION The endophytic fungi from Brucea javanica show diversity and microbial inhibition activity, and are worthy for further study on plant disease controlling.

In recent years, the sugarcane yield of Guangxi was increased, but the sugar rate was declining. In the case of ensuring the sugarcane yield and how to improve the sucrose content was one of the important subjects. This article aimed to summarize the sugarcane nutrition physiology, fertilization research status and the problems of sugarcane fertilization in Guangxi, then provided theoretical guidance for the measures of increasing productivity and sucrose content in Guangxi.

The aim of the present study was to determine the pre-emergence application of 30%mixed butachlor and oxyfluorfen EW at a.i. 360~900 g/hm2 on controlling weeds in sugarcane fields. The results showed good control effect on annual weeds in Gramineae and broad-leaved weeds after 30 and 60 days of spraying. The control efficacy of 30%mixed butachlor and oxyfluorfen EW at dosages of a.i. 450~540 g/hm2 were more than 86%. It was safe to sugarcane at such dosages.