Objective To investigate and analyze the prevalence of chronic diseases and the distribution of related risk factors in Zhangpu County，and to identify the main chronic diseases，key target groups and key links of prevention and control that affect the health of residents in Zhangpu County.Methods.The monitoring subjects were residents aged 18 and above in Zhangpu County who had lived in the monitoring point area for more than 6 months in the 12 months before the survey.Using the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method according to 5×4×2×45 combinations，a total of 1 800 people were surveyed in the county，and the replacement rate of surveyed households was less than 10%.Results.In 2019，chronic disease surveillance in Zhangpu County included 5 towns，namely Chihu Town，Duxun Town，Jiuzhen Town，Suian Town and Xiamei Town，with a total of 1 800 sampled households participating in chronic disease surveillance，and 1 800 effective questionnaires were actually collected.The main chronic diseases affecting residents in Zhangpu County were hypertension (27.44%)，diabetes (15.28%)，chronic digestive diseases (14.83%)，chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (4.28%) and malignant tumors (1.17%).Conclusion.The prevention and control of chronic diseases requires people's active participation，behavior change and self-restraint，and in the management of chronic diseases，it is controlled by smoking cessation and alcohol restriction，body weight control，exercise strengthening，and unreasonable lifestyle changes，while strengthening the publicity of health knowledge and skills，improving residents' attention to chronic diseases，and actively acquiring knowledge and skills of chronic diseases，so as to effectively prevent and control chronic diseases.

草原蕴含着丰富的动植物资源,是发展农业、畜牧业经济的重要组成.草原生态系统是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,也是维持生态平衡、保护生物多样性的绿色屏障,特别在黑龙江松嫩平原,草地生态系统构成生态环境的主体.近年,由于盲目开垦导致草原资源遭到严重破坏,在自然因素和人为因素的双重作用下,草原被过度放牧使得草原面积、优良牧草种群数量逐年减少,植被覆盖度逐年下降,草原荒漠化问题也在日趋严重.针对这一问题该文整理分析影响草原退化的几点因素,提出恢复草原生态的几种方法,有针对性地对制定合理的草原长效保护机制进行讨论,为黑龙江省退化草原的治理修复提供一定参考.

Efficacy and feasibility of regulatory plans are still in doubt these days because compilation of regulatory plans lacks scientific guidance.Guangzhou regulatory plan compilation clarifies subject,intensifies investigation,makes technique standards,specifies control indices,uses urban design concept,and improves public participation.