Recently, the description logic LE-ALC was introduced for reasoning in the semantic environment of the enriched formal contexts, and a tableaux algorithm was developed for checking the consistency of ABoxes in this logic. In this paper, we study the ontology-mediated query answering in LE-ALC . In particular, we show that several different types of queries can be answered efficiently for LE-ALC knowledge bases with acyclic TBoxes using our tableaux algorithm directly or by extending it with some additional rules.

Medicago sativa is the most widely cultivated high-protein forage crop globally. However, its cultivation in high-latitude and cold regions of China is significantly hindered by low-temperature stress, particularly impacting the root system, the primary functional tissue crucial for winter survival. The physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the root system’s adaptation and tolerance to low temperatures remain poorly understood. To this end, this study utilized cold-tolerant Medicago sativa “Lomgmu801” and the cold-sensitive Medicago sativa “Sardi” genotypes as experimental materials to investigate root physiological responses during the overwintering period. Physiological indices, including soluble sugars (SS), proline (Pro), glutathione (GSH), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA) contents, and peroxidase (POD) activity, were quantified. RNA-seq revealed 743 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the cold-tolerant and sensitive genotypes. Subsequently, correlation analysis between DEGs and physiological indices revealed that DEGs in the yellow, blue, and turquoise modules were significantly correlated with the levels of POD, GSH, SS, Pro, JA, and ABA. The core genes were predominantly included in the “MAPK signaling pathway”, “glutathione metabolism”, “plant hormone signal transduction”, “arginine and proline metabolism”, and “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”. Ultimately, DEGs responsive to low-temperature stress were identified, including MsGST, MsRboh, MsPOD, MsJAZ, MsP5CR, and MsPP2C. By integrating physiological characteristics with cold-tolerance-associated genes, this study elucidates the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying Medicago sativa root adaptation to low temperatures. The RNA-seq data and the core DEGs identified provide valuable theoretical insights and targets for future molecular breeding efforts aimed at enhancing cold tolerance in Medicago sativa.

Alfalfa is a perennial herbaceous forage legume that is significantly and adversely affected by monocropping. Crop rotation is the most effective measure to overcome continuous cropping obstacles. However, the mechanisms of how bacterial communities are affected and the potential links between these effects and cropping systems remain poorly understood. Based on a long-term field experiments with continuous alfalfa and forage crops with alfalfa rotation in the black soil region of the western Songnen Plain in Northeast China, the alterations in soil bacterial community structure using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and soil chemical properties and enzyme activities were analyzed. The alfalfa–forage oats–silage maize–alfalfa and alfalfa–silage maize–forage oats–alfalfa system significantly increase the levels of total phosphorus and available phosphorus, and promote the activities of acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase, leucine aminopeptidase, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase in comparison to continuous alfalfa. While alfalfa crop rotation did not affect the α-diversity of soil bacteria, it significantly altered the bacterial community composition and structure. Some key taxa are significantly enriched in the crop rotation system soils, including Bacillus, Sphingobium, Paenibacillus, Hydrogenispora, Rubrobacter, Haliangium, and Rubellimicrobium. Additionally, crop rotation with alfalfa increased the stability and complexity of the soil bacterial co-occurrence network. Based on our findings, we recommend promoting the alfalfa–forage oats–silage maize–alfalfa and alfalfa–silage maize–forage oats–alfalfa rotation systems as ideal practices for overcoming the challenges associated with continuous cropping of alfalfa. These systems not only enhance soil nutrient content and enzyme activities but also foster a beneficial microbial community, ultimately improving soil functionality and crop performance.

Analytic philosophy has been developing in China for over a century, and philosophers shaped by the analytic tradition have grown into an important philosophical community in China. The views of contemporary analytic philosophers in China on central philosophical issues and their similarities and differences with analytic philosophers in English-speaking countries have not been systematically investigated. Bourget and Chalmers have conducted two large-scale online questionnaire surveys on analytic philosophers in English-speaking countries. Inspired by their studies, a survey on analytic philosophers in China was performed. It is found that philosophers in China had no agreement on most issues. According to the comparative analysis with the results of Bourget and Chalmers’ second survey, there were significant differences in views as well as thinking styles between analytic philosophers in China and English-speaking countries. And these differences may be partially explained by cultural factors and academic environments.

In this paper, we introduce the simulations and bisimulations on polarity-based semantics for non-distributive modal logic, which are natural generalizations of those notions on Kripke semantics for modal logic. We also generalize other important model-theoretic notions about Kripke semantics such as image-finite models, modally-saturated models, ultrafilter extension and ultrapower extension to the non-distributive setting. By using these generalizations, we prove the Hennessy-Milner theorem and the van Benthem characterization theorem for non-distributive modal logic based on polarity-based semantics.

In this paper, we take first steps toward developing defeasible reasoning on concepts in KLM framework. We define generalizations of cumulative reasoning system C and cumulative reasoning system with loop CL to conceptual setting. We also generalize cumulative models, cumulative ordered models, and preferential models to conceptual setting and show the soundness and completeness results for these models.

油莎豆是一种用途广泛、综合利用价值较高的新兴作物.油莎豆不仅能开发成粮、饲、药等产品,而且具有提升土壤肥力、防风固沙,改善生态环境的作用,具有较高的经济价值和生态价值.目前,我国对于油莎豆的开发利用仍处于初级阶段,油莎豆产业发展潜力巨大.文章对油莎豆的起源与分布、生态特征、营养成分与利用价值以及其产业发展现状进行了简单的概述,旨在为油莎豆产业发展提供参考.

This work extends Halpern and Pearl's causal models for actual causality to a possible world semantics environment. Using this framework we introduce a logic of actual causality with modal operators, which allows for reasoning about causality in scenarios involving multiple possibilities, temporality, knowledge and uncertainty. We illustrate this with a number of examples, and conclude by discussing some future directions for research.

In this paper, we generalize modal μ-calculus to the non-distributive modal logic. We provide a game semantics for the developed logic. We generalize the unfolding games on the power-set algebras to the general lattices and show that it can be used to determine the least and the greatest fixed points of a monotone operator on a lattice. We use this result to show the adequacy of the game semantics. Finally, we conclude and provide some possible applications of the non-distributive modal μ-calculus developed here.

黑麦草是一种生长环境广泛、适应性强、营养丰富、抗逆性较高的禾本科优质牧草.近年来随着牧草产业的高速发展以及种养结构优化调整,黑麦草作为我国北方地区的优质牧草越来越受到广大种植农户的喜爱.黑麦草在草地畜牧业的发展过程中必将发挥着更加重要的作用.文章针对黑麦草的生产和利用情况进行了分析,以期能为黑麦草的田间生产及利用提供理论参考和技术支撑.

在现代化农业全面发展的背景下,种植技术得以不断改良优化,中草药种植产业虽然获得了进一步的发展,但由于前期对中草药人工种植重视不足,以致行业发展仍然存在一些问题,人工种植水平有待提升.针对这一现状,本文简单介绍了几种常见中草药的种植方法,以期对中草药生产提供技术参考,促进中草药人工种植行业以及中草药产业链协调发展.

草原蕴含着丰富的动植物资源,是发展农业、畜牧业经济的重要组成.草原生态系统是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,也是维持生态平衡、保护生物多样性的绿色屏障,特别在黑龙江松嫩平原,草地生态系统构成生态环境的主体.近年,由于盲目开垦导致草原资源遭到严重破坏,在自然因素和人为因素的双重作用下,草原被过度放牧使得草原面积、优良牧草种群数量逐年减少,植被覆盖度逐年下降,草原荒漠化问题也在日趋严重.针对这一问题该文整理分析影响草原退化的几点因素,提出恢复草原生态的几种方法,有针对性地对制定合理的草原长效保护机制进行讨论,为黑龙江省退化草原的治理修复提供一定参考.

甘草是我国传统中草药之一,主要活性成分包含三萜皂苷、黄酮类、糖类、抗坏血酸、胆碱等,具有免疫调节、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗炎和杀菌等多种药理学作用.甘草茎叶中的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗纤维含量与紫花苜蓿相当,可以作为优质牧草的重要来源.日粮中添加甘草提取物,能够提高畜禽的生长性能、饲料转化率,增强机体抗氧化能力、免疫功能,改善肠道菌群、肉品质等,对畜禽生产发挥着重要作用,是不可多得的药饲多用植物.文章综述了甘草的药理作用及其在畜牧业的应用,为其进一步开发和综合利用提供参考.

随着农业现代化进程的不断推进,规模化养殖业发展的需要,依据黑龙江冬季寒冷的气候特点及优质饲草匮乏的现状,本文从播种、田间管理、收获等技术环节入手概述了龙牧系列苜蓿种植与收获技术,此项技术为进一步提高黑龙江省苜蓿产量和质量提供技术支持.

草原生态系统在防止水土流失、防风固沙、保持生物多样性等方面发挥着重要的生态作用,由于受气候、人为因素的影响,草原退化、沙化、盐碱化日益严重.本文提出了加强草原保护和建设的几点对策及建议,为恢复草原生产力,促进草原生态系统良性循环提供参考.

非生物胁迫是影响牧草生长和发育的重要因素,因而探究其抗逆性响应特征、指标、评价方法,对于提升和稳定牧草生产具有重大意义.然而现阶段关于油莎豆对非生物胁迫的响应及适应性机制的研究较少,这直接制约着油莎豆抗逆育种的进程.文章简单概述了油莎豆在几种常见非生物胁迫下(干旱、低温、盐碱)的生理生化功能及分子调控机制,并对油莎豆抗逆育种提出展望,以期为油莎豆抗逆性研究提供理论参考.

柳蒿为典型的根茎型植物.为探究饲用柳蒿草产量和地下根茎各性状的关系,对种植密度分别为8.3、11.1、16.7、25.0万株·hm-2柳蒿的干草产量、鲜草产量、根茎芽数量、根茎干重、根茎节间距、根茎粗等指标进行统计,并进行了相关性分析和回归分析.结果表明:根茎粗与干草产量存在极显著正相关(P<0.01),根茎节间距与干草产量存在显著正相关(P<0.05),根茎干重与干草产量存在极显著负相关(P<0.01),鲜草产量与干草产量存在极显著正相关(P<0.01).根茎干重(X2)与干草产量(Y)的线性回归方程为Y=5031.67-5.24X2(R2=0.6932,F=22.60**);根茎粗(X4)与干草产量(Y)的线性回归方程为Y=1568.76+523.98X4(R2=0.7111,F=24.61**).说明柳蒿根茎干重、根茎粗对地上草产量有显著影响.

随着畜禽规模化养殖业的快速发展,畜禽粪便污染问题越来越严重,已成为农村面源污染的主要来源,影响了畜牧产业的健康发展.文章阐述了畜禽粪污处理不当的危害、畜禽粪污治理与利用现状及存在的问题,提出了畜禽粪污减量化、无害化处理及资源化利用的方法和措施.

为筛选黑龙江省齐齐哈尔大白菜根肿病流行地区的抗病、丰产品种,减轻根肿病对当地秋白菜产业造成的威胁,对引自国内外的13个抗根肿病秋白菜品种进行抗病性鉴定、农艺性状调查和产量评价.结果显示,13个品种中有3个品种表现为免疫,8个品种表现为高抗.综合株高、球形指数、产量、净菜率、抗病性等性状分析,且符合当地市场需求的情况下,筛选出3个白菜品种,分别为y78、CR589和金锦.其中,金锦品种对齐齐哈尔地区根肿病表现为免疫,且产量较高,折合667 m2产量可达6199.76 kg.综合分析,供试品种金锦在抗病性、产量和品种特性方面表现优异,可作为齐齐哈尔地区秋白菜抗根肿病的优质材料.

为调节苜蓿种子产量,采用随机区组方法,以龙牧801苜蓿为研究对象,将多效唑分别配制200,400和600 mg·L-1 3种浓度于现蕾期和盛花期两次对苜蓿种子田进行叶面喷施,成熟期测定不同处理对种子产量及产量构成因子的影响.结果表明,3个浓度的多效唑处理均能够增加种子产量,其中以浓度400 mg·L-1处理增产最高,比对照增产15.47％.喷施多效唑各处理增加了每平方米生殖枝数、每生殖枝的结荚花序数和每结荚花序的荚果数.通过回归分析得出,种子产量(Y)与每平方米生殖枝数(X1)的线性回归方程为Y=-57.912 7+0.588 4X1-0.000 7X12,种子产量(Y)与每结荚花序荚果数(X3)的线性回归方程为Y=-29.504 1+19.917 2X3-1.146 5X32.由此得出,在苜蓿种子生产中喷施多效唑能够提高种子产量构成因子及产量.