Carbon dioxide conversion represents a highly promising carbon reduction strategy, and photocatalytic conversion technology, characterized by greenness, non-toxicity, and sustainability, holds significant importance. However, enhancing CO2 adsorption on photocatalysts and improving charge carrier separation efficiency remain substantial challenges. In this study, based on MIL-101, we designed a highly interconnected TiO2@MIL101 bifunctional heterojunction by in-situ compositing TiO2 on its surface through Ti-O-Cr bonding, aiming to achieve in-situ adsorption and conversion of carbon dioxide. This composite photocatalyst exhibits enhanced photocatalytic activity, with an average CO production rate of 35.39 mu mol h- 1 g- 1 and a CH4 production rate of 13.81 mu mol h- 1 g- 1. Compared to unmodified MIL-101 (Cr), these values are increased by 1.25-fold and 2.8-fold, respectively. Experimental results combined with DFT calculations demonstrate that the porous structure and high specific surface area of MIL-101 facilitate the diffusion of CO2 on the photocatalyst surface and improve interfacial reaction kinetics. The synergistic effect between Ti-O-Cr bonds and the built-in electric field within the highly interconnected heterojunction accelerates the directional transfer of charge carriers at the heterointerfaces, effectively promoting the catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide.

SO2 poisoning is one of the main factors limiting the long-term performance of catalysts for flue gas purification. Developing catalysts with both high activity and sulfur resistance remains a challenge for the simultaneous removal of NO and Hg0. Herein, a porous hydrangea-like CuyFeAl catalyst with Cu-O-Fe interfacial sites was prepared for the synergistic removal of NO and Hg0, in which the combination of active site design and porous architecture enhances SO2 tolerance. The results demonstrated that SO₂ did not deactivate the catalyst but instead promoted the synergistic removal of NO and Hg0, achieving over 90% NO conversion at 275–400 °C and 100% Hg0 removal across the entire temperature window. Low-electron-density Fe species within Cu-O-Fe sites preferentially interact with SO₂, and the porous hydrangea-like architecture limits excessive sulfation, together forming optimal-density Cu-O-Fe-SO42− species. These species act as self-adaptive conservation species that couple electronic confinement with Fe3+/Cu+ redox cycling, suppressing SO2 adsorption and oxidation while enhancing Brønsted acidity for NO reduction. The unique porous hydrangea-like structure also reduces H₂O/SO₂ competitive adsorption on Cu-O-Fe sites, relieving the inhibitory effect of H₂O on Cu-O-Fe-SO₄2− formation. This work presents a “SO2-induced promotional sulfation” strategy that transforms SO2 from a catalyst poison into a functional promoter, offering practical guidance for designing sulfur-tolerant catalysts for multipollutant flue gas purification.

Recently, organic small-molecule semiconductors have emerged to serve as the resistive switching (RS) layer owing to the well-defined molecular structures and the capacity for precise modulation of transport characteristics through chemical modification. In this work, we have designed and synthesized five organic small molecules based on the azatriphenylene (AT) framework, including AT and its derivatives with substituents of methoxy, methyl, chloro, and trifluoromethyl. This provides an opportunity to systematically investigate the relationships between the molecular structure, device configuration and the memristive behaviors. The results demonstrate that different functional groups can modulate the HOMO/LUMO energy levels and the electron distribution, thereby influencing the RS performance of the fabricated devices based on the synthesized small-molecule semiconductors. Among them, the 6,11-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2-azatriphenylene (BTFMAT) with the strong electron-withdrawing effect of trifluoromethyl exhibits typical volatile RS behaviors with relatively high ON/OFF ratio. The BTFMAT-based memristor successfully emulated biological synaptic long-term potentiation and long-term depression (LTP/LTD) and learning-forgetting behaviors, and can be further employed to construct an artificial neural network (ANN), achieving a recognition accuracy of 93.6% for handwritten digit image recognition. Furthermore, by introducing a Cu interlayer into the BTFMAT device, a transition from volatile to non-volatile RS behavior can be realized because Cu2+ can coordinate with N atoms in BTFMAT to form stable complexes and subsequently Cu conductive filaments can be formed under an external electric field. This work provides a new design strategy for developing high-performance organic small-molecule memristors and exploring their potential applications in neuromorphic computing.

We synthesized Ru1Cu25P7.5/TiO2 catalyst using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as reductant in a facile strategy. The highly dispersed RuCuP nanoclusters are anchored on the TiO2 surface with an average particle size of 2.62 nm. The catalyst shows excellent catalytic activity when applied to the hydrolysis of AB, which owns a high turnover frequency value of 531.56 molH2molRu−1min−1 and a low activation energy of 46.38 kJ · mol−1, it also exhibits good durability which maintains 61.13

Nickel-rich layered oxide LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) exhibits high cost-effectiveness and specific capacity, making it a valuable positive electrode material. Despite this, its commercialization is hindered by cation disorder, interface degradation under high-voltage operation, and HF-induced corrosion. This paper proposes a multifunctional electrolyte additive, 4-fluorobenzyl isocyanate (4-FBI), which promotes a cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) film to be formed via polymerization. Due to its richness in LiF and benzene ring skeleton, the film shows high mechanical strength and effectively neutralizes HF to inhibit LiPF6 decomposition, thereby suppressing transition metals from being dissolved. Additionally, 4-FBI optimizes the Li+ solvation structure, reducing interfacial impedance. Therefore, following 200 cycles at 1 C, the NCA lithium cell containing 2 wt.% 4-FBI exhibits a capacity retention rate of 89.2 %, significantly better than 72.5 % of the baseline electrolyte. When cycling at high voltages, the 4-FBI-modified cell preserves 68.4 % of its initial capacity following 200 cycles, but the control group maintains only 24.7 %. This work proposes a new electrolyte design method for addressing interface challenges in nickel-rich layered oxide cathode systems.

Perovskite photolithography, an emerging research frontier, combines the unique properties of perovskite materials with lithographic processes for advanced optoelectronic applications. Currently, bottom-up photolithography is preferred due to perovskites’ intrinsic characteristics, while top-down photolithography offers better compatibility with mature semiconductor manufacturing workflows. In this study, we innovatively propose an integrated technology that merges top-down photolithography with in situ phase-transition strategy. Utilizing non-emissive Cs4PbBr6 perovskite single crystals (SCs) as both structural templates and reaction sources, we achieve spatially selective patterning by precise wet and dry etching, followed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-induced Cs4PbBr6 to CsPbBr3 phase transition. This process facilitates the direct fabrication of highly emissive CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 microstructure patterns inside Cs4PbBr6 SCs. Such a synergistic approach simplifies perovskite photolithography procedures and enables rapid, large-scale manufacturability. Furthermore, its integration with machine learning optimization algorithms showcases promising application potential in intelligent anti-counterfeiting. This novel approach, integrating perovskite SCs homologous substrate with customized photolithography, provides a new strategy for fabricating high-performance perovskite optoelectronic devices and is expected to promote technological advancement.

Though polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is commonly employed as a binder for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, it still faces the challenge of serious electrode fracture caused by dramatic volume changes during cycling, and lacks extended functions such as capturing dissolved lithium polysulfides (LIPSs) and promoting Li+ transfer. Herein, a multifunctional water-soluble binder lithium sulfonated cellulose (Cel-SO3Li) is designed and prepared. The Cel-SO3Li binder can capture LIPSs due to nucleophilic substitution reaction between-SO4Li and dissolved LIPSs. Its abundant hydroxyl groups provide excellent electrode mechanical properties, which effectively alleviate sulfur volume changes during cycling. Furthermore, the-SO3Li groups also enhance the diffusion of Li+ in the electrodes. In addition, density functional theory calculations reveal that the Cel-SO3Li exhibits strong affinity and catalytic ability for LIPSs, indicating that it can effectively suppress the shuttle effect and enhance their reaction kinetics. Therefore, the electrode using Cel-SO3Li binder reach a high initial discharge capacity of 1165 mAh/g at 0.5 C, remain 545 mAh/g after 10 0 0 cycles with a low capacity decay rate of 0.053 % per cycle. This study proposes the concept of a multifunctional and environmentally friendly binder with the ability of "three birds with one stone" (high adhesion, fast Li+ diffusion, effective capture and even catalysis for LIPSs), which will contribute to accelerating applications of Li-S batteries. (c) 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.

Oil pollution has become a global environmental challenge. In this study, bibliometric methods are employed to systematically analyze 3231 relevant papers published between 2011 and 2026, providing a comprehensive review of the engineering applications and research progress of green surfactants in the field of oil pollution remediation. Technical requirements have shifted from “low cost” to “green and efficient”. Keyword cluster analysis suggests that green surfactants play a pivotal role in dissolving pollutants and reinforcing their mobility by modulating the superhydrophilic-superoleophobic interface and reducing the critical micelle concentration. While case studies confirm that bio-based surfactants demonstrate significant remediation efficacy, their large-scale application remains constrained by production costs and insufficient environmental stability. Research analyses reveal that remediation efficiency is influenced by multiple factors. Additionally, patent analysis underscores significant knowledge gaps in the engineering applications of molecular design and process optimization for green surfactants, highlighting technical weaknesses in this field. This review establishes a systematic theoretical framework to support innovation in environmental remediation technologies, bridging fundamental mechanisms and engineering practice.

The increasing demand for fast, efficient, and durable energy storage systems highlights the need for electrode materials that can simultaneously deliver high energy and power densities. Here, we report a NiMo3S4/Ti3C2Tx MXene composite synthesized through a two-step hydrothermal strategy, which couples the high pseudocapacitance of NiMo3S4 with the excellent electrical conductivity and layered structure of Ti3C2Tx MXene. The composite delivers a remarkable specific capacitance of 1443.6 F & sdot;g- 1, more than twice that of pristine NiMo3S4, benefiting from accelerated charge-transfer kinetics and the exposure of abundant electroactive sites. When assembled into an asymmetric supercapacitor, the device operates stably within a 1.5 V window and retains 82.84 % of its capacitance after 10,000 cycles. Furthermore, it achieves a notable high energy density of 46.85 Wh & sdot;kg- 1 at a power density of 786.16 W & sdot;kg- 1. Density functional theory calculations reveal an increased density of electronic states near the Fermi level and a lowered K+ diffusion energy barrier, corroborating the improved electrochemical kinetics. This work demonstrates a synergistic hybrid design that narrows the performance gap between batteries and supercapacitors, offering a promising pathway toward high-energy, high-power energy storage technologies.

Against the dual carbon strategy and sustainable development goals, green technologies balancing high efficiency with environmental compatibility are urgently needed for environmental remediation. Significant advantages in remediating petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) and heavy metal co-contamination are demonstrated by alkyl polyglucoside (APG), a bio-based nonionic surfactant. These advantages stem from its renewable feedstocks, efficient solubilization capacity, and rapid biodegradability. Knowledge graphs were generated through keyword visualization and co-occurrence analysis, revealing the temporal-spatial distribution, knowledge structure, and research hotspots and trends in this field, thus offering a new perspective for understanding the dynamics of APG-related research. Applications of APG in soil pollution remediation, as well as in industrial and agricultural sectors, are reviewed herein. The overall application and development path of APG indicates that it is in a stage of technological growth in environmental remediation and green surfactant development. Furthermore, APG frequently forms compound systems and synergistically couples with redox technologies, microbial systems, and plant systems to substantially enhance remediation efficacy. APG boasts prominent green advantages: its raw materials are derived from glucose and fatty alcohols, and its low-carbon synthesis process aligns with global carbon emission reduction demands. Looking forward, it is proposed that future efforts should focus on modifying the molecular structure of APG to improve targeted remediation capabilities, developing low-carbon and efficient preparation processes, and advancing multi-dimensional integration with nanomaterials and biotechnology. These measures will accelerate its large-scale application in green remediation, thereby providing sustainable solutions for technological innovation in environmental governance under the "dual-carbon" context.

Ammonia borane (AB) is regarded as one of the most promising candidates for chemical hydrogen storage, owing to its exceptionally high hydrogen density. Under the influence of suitable catalytic agents, AB undergoes hydrolysis, resulting in the release of hydrogen at ambient temperature. Consequently, the development of catalysts that are stable, efficient, and cost-effective has become a central focus of ongoing research. In this study, a one-pot co-reduction method was employed to synthesize a Cu-Co catalyst supported on anatase TiO2 for the hydrolysis of AB. The catalyst demonstrated excellent performance in the hydrolysis reaction. The optimized Cu4Co6/TiO2 catalyst has a turnover frequency (TOF) of 83.06 molH2 molmetal-1 min-1 at 298 K, which outperforms most reported non-precious metal catalysts. This superior performance originates from the uniform Cu/CoO distribution on TiO2 and their synergistic interplay. CoO facilitates H2O adsorption and O-H bond dissociation, lowering activation energy barriers. Concurrently, metallic Cu activates AB via electron transfer to B-H sigma* orbitals, weakening bonds and accelerating dehydrogenation. Moreover, the catalytic activity of the anatase TiO2-supported catalyst is superior to that of catalysts supported on rutile TiO2 or mixtures of anatase and rutile TiO2, with the presence of Lewis acid sites on anatase TiO2 being a key factor influencing its catalytic performance.

In recent years, metal halide perovskite scintillators have demonstrated significant potential for X-ray detection applications. However, these scintillators frequently encounter challenges such as poor stability, insufficient radiation hardness, and substantial self-absorption, which detrimentally affect their scintillation efficiency and practicality. This study explores the encapsulation of perovskite (CsPbBr3) nanocrystals and dyes simultaneously within mesoporous zinc-based metal-organic frameworks (MOF-5) to boost perovskite scintillation performance. Our findings indicate that the energy transfer from the perovskite to the dye can effectively minimize the self-absorption of the perovskite, significantly increasing the light yield-3.4 times that of pristine CsPbBr3 nanocrystals, and improve the detection sensitivity by 40%. Furthermore, such encapsulation markedly improves perovskite stability and enhances thermal resistance by 78.9% and radiation hardness by 26.5%. These advances in stability, thermal resilience, and radiation durability, combined with a lower detection limit, allow perovskites to be used in more scintillation scenarios and endure more rigorous operational conditions.

A metal-free P-(g-C3N4/NCDs) photocatalytic composite was synthesized by modifying graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) through a dual strategy of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (NCDs) incorporation and protonation. Under light irradiation, the optimized catalyst achieved 99

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) have been widely utilized in transportation and power generation due to their high efficiency and low pollution. However, their durability remains insufficient, and their output power decreases over time during operation. Therefore, it is important to predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of the PEMFC to ensure its efficient operation. In this paper, an improved TCN-iTransformer model is proposed for predicting the RUL of PEMFC, which integrates temporal convolutional network (TCN), iTransformer, discrete cosine transform (DCT), and the channel attention mechanism. The reliability of the model was validated using both static and dynamic datasets of different lengths. And the results showed that the improved TCN-iTransformer achieved a significant improvement over the Transformer prototype in long sequence time-series forecasting. Furthermore, smaller mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE) were obtained compared to other improved models, such as long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU). In addition, the RUL prediction error of the model was found to not exceed 1 h.

Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are critical for advancing the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this study, high-performance sulfonated covalent organic framework (COF) nanosheets/ Nafion (NUS-9/Nafion) composite membranes were successfully prepared, and their microstructure, water uptake, and proton conductivity were thoroughly investigated. The introduction of NUS-9 nanosheets significantly increased the amorphous regions in the Nafion matrix, thereby promoting the diffusion of water molecules. The ordered nanochannels and abundant-SO3H groups in NUS-9 effectively promoted water adsorption and hydrophilic/hydrophobic nanophase separation, indicative of the growth and interconnection of ionic water clusters, leading to a remarkably high proton conductivity. Additionally, the strong interactions between nanosheets and Nafion side chains imparted excellent compatibility, enhanced mechanical properties, and improved physicochemical stability to the composite membranes. Notably, the single cell assembled with the composite membrane doped with 0.5 wt% NUS-9 exhibited a maximum power density of 1.024 W/cm2, an 80 % improvement over pristine Nafion, and exhibited enhanced long-term durability, demonstrating the significant potential of COF/Nafion membranes for PEMFCs.

Herein, a tripyridyl-triazine-based cadmium chloride complex CdCl2(2-TPT) (1) (2-TPT = 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine), has been successfully synthesized by the solvothermal method. Complex 1 exhibits photochromic performance with color changing from colorless to grey. The structure, photochromic properties, and mechanism of 1 were well demonstrated by Single-crystal X-ray diffraction, PXRD, FTIR, ESR, XPS, and UV-vis spectroscopy, as well as DFT computational studies. The results of the study indicate that the photochromic performance is induced via photo-introduced electron transfer (PIET) process from the electron-rich Cl atoms to the electron-deficient ligand 2-TPT, which was verified by DFT calculation.

The pursuit of sustainable hydrogen production has positioned water electrolysis as a cornerstone technology for global carbon neutrality.However,sluggish kinetics,catalyst scarcity,and system integration challenges hinder its widespread deployment.Ultrathin two-dimensional(2D)materi-als,with their atomically exposed surfaces,tunable electronic structures,and defect-engineering capabilities,present unique opportunities for next-generation electrocatalysts.This review provides an integrated overview of ultrathin 2D electrocatalysts,discussing their structural diversity,syn-thetic routes,structure-activity relationships,and mechanistic understanding in water electrolysis processes.Special focus is placed on the translation of 2D materials from laboratory research to practical device implementation,emphasizing challenges such as scalable fabrication,interfacial engineering,and operational durability in realistic electrolyzer environments.The role of advanced characterization techniques in capturing dynamic structural changes and active site evolution is discussed.Finally,we outline future research directions,emphasizing the synergy of machine learning-driven materials discovery,advanced operando characterization,and scalable system integration to accelerate the industrial translation of 2D electrocatalysts for green hydrogen pro-duction.

The surface and interface characters of metal nanoparticles are important factors in their catalytic performance. However, due to inhomogeneous surface distribution and poor interfacial bonding, conventional physical mixing greatly hinders the performance of catalysts. Herein, we prepared a novel nickel-based catalyst by synergistically designing its surface and interface structure with NH4F and MgO, which exhibits excellent activity and good stability in the hydrogenation of dioctyl phthalate. The characterization reveals that NH4F provides a naturally porous hydrogen-concentrating environment on the catalyst surface, and Ni could be loaded inside the halloysite nanotube (HNT) through the pores to enhance the stability of the catalyst by using the confinement effect. Consequently, NiMg/0.96F-HNT catalyst attains superior hydrogenation performance with a 99% dioctyl phthalate conversion, and exhibits a good stability for 9 times, which is comparable to noble metal catalysts. Meanwhile, theoretical calculations show that the addition of MgO can also modulate the surface structure of the catalyst, which promotes the dispersion of Ni to enhance the adsorption of H2 and lower the reaction energy barrier; further enhancing the catalytic activity. This synergistic modulation of catalyst surface and interface engineering provides an avenue for rational design of efficient and stable non-precious metal catalysts.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising materials for gas and dye adsorption due to their low density, high stability, excellent crystallinity, and tunable porosity. Here, the pyridine-cored COFs, COF-Y1 and COF-Y2, are synthesized and characterized by PXRD, FT-IR, XPS, TGA, and SEM. Their Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface areas are 1028.39 and 905.07 m(2) g(-1), respectively. The introduction of hydroxyl groups in COF-Y2 leads to improved CO(2 )selectivity and significantly boosted dye adsorption capabilities. Based on the IAST model and simulated flue gas conditions, the COF-Y2 separation factor for CO(2 )was 42.35 at 273 K. For dye adsorption applications, both COFs show remarkable performance with maximum adsorption capacities of 820.27 mg g(-)(1) (COF-Y1) and 886.70 mg g(-)(1) (COF-Y2) for malachite green. Importantly, the materials maintain their structural integrity and adsorption efficiency through five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles. Kinetic and isotherm studies reveal that the dye adsorption process follows pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting monolayer chemisorption as the predominant mechanism.