This study investigated sex differences of feelings attributed to a woman in situations involving varying degrees of coercion and sexual advances. Sixteen vignettes (12 dealing with sex and coercion, 4 dealing with coercion only) were rated on 17 semantic differential scales by 59 undergraduates (44 females, 15 males) and 45 graduate students (18 females, 27 males). The 16 vignettes yielded factors of Sexual Flattery/Overtures, Sexual Aggressiveness, and Violence. Factor analyses of the 17 semantic differential scales yielded factors of Helplessness, Aversiveness, and Threat. High agreement was found between males and females in both the graduate and undergraduate samples on the relative intensity of feelings attributed to the woman across the sex/coercion vignettes for the three dimensions of Helplessness, Aversiveness, and Threat. Even more importantly, systematic differences between males and females on intensity of attributed feelings across the semantic differential factors were independently replicated using the graduate and undergraduate samples. Analyses of variance revealed that males showed significantly greater attributions on the factors Helplessness and Threat on scenes mainly dealing with sexual flattery/overtures, whereas they showed significantly less attributions on the factor Aversiveness on scenes dealing with sexual aggressiveness and rape. In short, while there was strong agreement between men and women, there were also replicated significant systematic differences with men overestimating the psychological impact of less intense incidents and underestimating the psychological impact on women of more intense incidents.

The effects of the distribution (3: 1 or 1: 3) of the task-irrelevant stimulus dimension (color or form) on asymptotic choice proportions of the 75% task-relevant stimulus in a noncontingent two-choice probability learning situation were investigated. Children of two age groups (3 and 11 years old) served as subjects. The results in predicting the more frequent alternative (75%) indicated that: (1) The 3-year-old children showed little evidence of change across trials and did not reach the matching value; (2) the 11-year-old children showed increasing choice proportions until stabilizing at the matching level; (3) reinforcement was not effective in raising response proportions for either age group; (4) both ages showed higher response proportions when the color rather than the form stimulus was task relevant; and (5) no evidence was obtained for differential effects of the dimension or the probability distribution of the task-irrelevant stimulus.

The purposes of this research were to test whether wall writing (which has been proposed as a nonreactive measure) would be influenced by the presence of a model, to determine the rate of people who would make inscriptions, and to add to the literature on the effects of another person’s behavior as a model, with particular reference to a socially frowned upon behavior. Stalls were checked after the departure of each S, 45 males in a no-model condition, 49 in a model-present condition. In scription rates were 8.2% in the model-present and 6.7% in the no-model present conditions. Within the limits of the present work, graffiti did appear to be a nonreactive measure.