The literature review is devoted to the current radiation methods for studying vertebral hemangiomas. The significance of basic (radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging) and additional (Doppler ultrasound, scintigraphy, and selective angiography) diagnostic techniques is analyzed and their role in determining the indications for surgical treatment is clarified. The priority of computed tomography over other imaging methods for this pathology is established. The use of radiation therapy for vertebral hemangiomas at the present stage of medicine development is highlighted.

Biomechanical experiments are widely used to study the mechanical characteristics of spinal elements under various types of loading. The correct construction of three-dimensional models is especially important for studying the behavior of the spine after surgery, for example, the installation of fixing metal structures. There are several approaches to modeling each anatomical component of the spinal column. It is generally accepted to construct vertebral bodies of a simulated spinal segment based on the results of computed tomography. Then, intervertebral discs in the form of cylindrical bodies, facet joints and ligaments are modeled. This paper describes the construction of a solid-state model of the Th7-L1 spinal segment with transpedicular fixation and an interbody cage. The construction was carried out using a set of software products Materialize Mimics, 3-Matic, SolidWorks and ANSYS.

Two three-dimensional geometric solid-state models of the Th7-L1 spinal segment (Model 1, Model 2) with metal construction were built. Models include the vertebrae Th7, Th8, Th9, Th10, Th11, Th12, L1, intervertebral discs, facet joints and ligaments, and metal construction elements. In Model 1, the cortical and spongy layers are constructed by three-dimensional solids, facet joints and intervertebral discs by three-dimensional bodies, ligaments by one-dimensional objects. In Model 2, the spongy layer of bone tissue is built with a three-dimensional solid body, the cortical layer with a shell 1 mm thick, the facet joints and intervertebral discs with three-dimensional bodies, and the ligaments with one-dimensional ones. Bodies are accepted linear, isotropic, homogeneous. The mechanical properties of all biological tissues and metal are set on the basis of published data. The problem of the statics of an elastic body is solved. The fields of complete displacements and Mises equivalent stresses are obtained for each point of the constructed models under characteristic loads. The analysis of the field of equivalent stresses makes it possible to identify areas of the spine that are most susceptible to destruction. The analysis of the field of full displacements makes it possible to evaluate the stability and reliability of fixation under standard physiological loads.

Saratov Journal of Medical Scientific Research 2018; 14 (2): 240-243. The aim: the optimization of surgical treatment tactics at a customary shoulder dislocation, based on "on-track Hill-Sachs / off-track Hill-Sachs" concept. Material and Methods. The research group consists of 42 patients aged from 19 to 52 years with chronic recurrent anterior shoulder instability, who underwent a surgical treatment to restore previous shoulder anatomic and topographic correlations. Patients were divided into two subgroups according to diagnostic arthroscopy results. The first subgroup includes 14 patients with impaction visualized (off-track Hill-Sachs), the second one — 28 patients with head shoulder stability (on-track Hill-Sachs). Patients of the first subgroup underwent open surgical intervention according to Bristow — Latarjetand shoulder arthroscopic repair was carried out in the second group. Results. One month after the surgical treatment median total estimated figure exceeded by 1.8 times in patients of the first subgroup and by 1.2 times, by Rowe, in patients of the second subgroup and decreased by 2.1 times in patients of the first subgroup and by 1.7 times, by DASH, in the second subgroup in comparison with the indices before the operation, that was illustrative of a good treatment result. Six months after the operation median total estimated figure exceeded by 1.2 times, by Rowe, in patients both of the first subgroup and the second subgroup and decreased by 2 and 2.1 times, by DASH, in patients of the first and the second group, relatively in comparison with the indices found one month after the operation, that was illustrative of an excellent treatment result in the late postoperative period. Conclusion. Patients with anterior shoulder instability caused by a glenoid fossa deficiency less than 25% in combination with off-track Hill-Sachs lesion, the most convenient way is the replacement of the bone loss by coracoid process transposition. In patients with on-track Hill-Sachs lesion arthroscopic repair is preferable.

The aim: to analyze the clinical effect of MBST-exposure monotherapy, a magnetic resonance method, on the pain syndrome caused by degenerative dystrophic changes of vertebral column structures. Material and Methods. 132 patients both male and female with cervical and lumbar dorsopathy were enrolled into the study. Treatment course included 9 sessions of 60 min. daily. MRI-results of corresponding spine regions and visual analogue pain intensity scale were used as assessment tools for treatment efficiency before, immediately after, 3, 6 and 12 months after MBST-treatment. Results. The objective results of structural transformation of pathological formations in vertebral motional segments correlated with significant decrease of pain syndrome at all stages of control tests. Conclusion. MBST-exposure is an effective method of non-invasive, notouch monotherapy for patients with chronic dorsalgia caused by degenerative dorsopathy.

Разработка комплекса лечебно-диагностических мероприятий для улучшения результатов эндопротезирования тазобедренного сустава у больных с ложными суставами шейки бедренной кости.Материал и методы.Изучены результаты лечения 102 больных с ложными суставами шейки бедренной кости в возрасте от 20 до 83 лет, которым выполнено тотальное эндопротезирование тазобедренного сустава.Из них 38 (37,3 %) больным было проведено восстановительное лечение периферических невропатий по разработанному способу, 64 (62,7 %) пациентамтолько массаж и ЛФК.В работе использованы клинический, рентгенологический, электронейромиографический, электромиографический и денситометрический методы исследования.Результаты.До операции у 81 % больных были выявлены периферические невропатии нижних конечностей различной степени тяжести, у 16 % -остеопения и у 84 % -остеопороз.Разработаны критерии диагностики уровня и тяжести поражения нервов нижних конечностей, позволяющие выделять пациентов в группу риска по развитию неврологических осложнений до и после тотального эндопротезирования тазобедренного сустава.Заключение.Применение разработанного способа восстановительного лечения позволило получить у 91,3 % пациентов хорошие функциональные результаты.Ключевые слова:

The paper describes one of the most important problems in modern traumatology and orthopedics. It is a fracture of the femoral neck. Statistics of femoral neck fractures in the Russian Federation and abroad is presented. There are considered the main stages of the development of metal osteosynthesis of femoral neck fractures using most common metal structures from the three-bladed nail to modern fixators and hip replacement. The issues of tactics and issues of conservative treatment of fractures of the femoral neck are discussed.

The field of medicine facing the issues of diagnosis and treatment of spine diseases and injuries requires training of specialists in vertebrology taking into consideration the modern standards of higher professional education and medical care conditions. The article deals with the training of the specialists using a competency-based model

The article deals with the issues on improving the efficiency of vertebrology teaching in specialist training at pre-and postgraduate stages. Modern epidemiologic trends for spine traumas and diseases form the increasing interest to the problems of care and prevention of the considered pathology and define the necessity of single-skilled specialists training. Developing vertebrology into a separate discipline that is studied at medical universities at both pre- and postgraduate stages is one of the topic issues for higher medical schools where the search of effective ways of its realization is stressed.

90 patients with upper extremity fractures took part in the study. The injured patients were treated with rod and pin-and-rod type external fixation devices and by means of external immobilization. It was demonstrated that quality of life to the moment of device removal was 8-9 points higher in patients treated with pin type external fixation in comparison with pin-and-rod type. Quality of life was higher in patients with proximal upper extremity injuries

For treatment of hand multitrauma including proximal phalanx fracture of finger with damaging of tendons of flexors muscles, we successfully used mini devices for external fixation. After stabilization of bone fragments tendinous palsy carried out. Measuring of transplant right length is very important for future good functional results

The authors have proposed transosseous osteosynthesis techniques using rod bone fixators for treatment of patients with leg bone shaft fractures. The use of the techniques worked out gives the possibility to improve treatment results at the expense of decreasing complications in number.

Injury of both superficial and deep tendons of fingers flexors needs to carry out tendinous plasty with excision of distal part of superficial flexor muscle tendon. Use of length measuring method for tendinous transplant allows us to avoid the flexion contracture in future and appearance of functional insufficiency of flexion during postoperative period and rehabilitation of patient.

The comparative analysis of three types of rod devices for transosseous osteosynthesis has been made by the method of finite-element modeling, realized with "Lira 9.2" computer program complex.

Injury of both superficial and deep tendons of fingers flexors needs to carry out tendinous plasty with excision of distal part of superficial flexor muscle tendon. Use of length measuring method for tendinous transplant allows us to avoid the flexion contracture in future and appearance of functional insufficiency of flexion during postoperative period and rehabilitation of patient.