BACKGROUND:Climate changes pose challenges to crop production. However, the causes of phenotypic differences across environments remain unclear. RESULTS:Here, heading date (HD), flowering date (FD), and plant height (PH) were measured along with four environmental factors (day length (DL), growing degree days (GDD), precipitation (PRCP), and photothermal ratio (PTR)) to investigate the genetic basis of phenotypic plasticity of these traits in 616 wheat accessions using genome-wide association studies. Regarding quantitative trait locus-by-environment interactions (QEIs), five known and three candidate genes for HD, six known and seven candidate genes for FD, and four known and eighteen candidate genes for PH were identified. For the genes associated with phenotypic plasticity, 10 genes exhibited responsiveness to alterations in diverse environmental conditions according to transcriptome data; haplotype effects of 33 genes were identified as significantly correlated with the changes in environmental factors; six candidate genes were identified as hub genes in the gene network, possibly influencing other genes and causing the phenotypic plasticity. And over-dominant effects can explain over 50% the genetic variance of phenotypic plasticity. More importantly, one FD/HD candidate gene (TraesCS4A01G180700) and two PH candidate genes (TraesCS5B01G054800 and TraesCS2A01G539400) partly explain the phenotypic plasticity for the FD/HD and PH traits, respectively. In addition, the potential utilization of these genes in wheat breeding was discussed. CONCLUSIONS:This study elucidated the genetic basis of phenotypic differences caused by environments and provided a foundation for addressing the impact of climate change on crop production.

Cyperus esculentus is a new industrial crop with the high comprehensive utilization value, which is a strongly resistant to stresses and has a great potential to grow in saline soil. In order to clarify its salt tolerance, five NaCl concentrations（0, 0.3%,0.6%, 0.9%, and 1.2%）were set in this study to analyze the effects of NaCl stress on morphological and physiological indexes during germination and seedling growth. The results showed that the germination percentage, root length, and seedling height were less affected under 0.3% and 0.6% NaCl stresses. Meanwhile, the contents of indicator of membrane damage degree,malondialdehyde（MDA）, and oxidative stress substance, hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）, did not increase significantly. However, the contents of osmoregulation substances [glycine betaine（GB）, and proline（Pro）] and the activities of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase（SOD）, peroxidase（POD）, and catalase（CAT）] were significantly increased, and the damage of salt stress was less on the whole. However, under 0.9% and 1.2% NaCl stresses, the salt stress injury was very obvious and the germination and seedling growth of Cyperus esculentus were severely inhibited. In order to further identify the genes related to salt tolerance,RNA-seq technology was used to detect the gene expression in roots under 0, 0.3%, and 0.6% NaCl stresses. 24 GO terms mainly related to oxidoreduction, transmembrane transport, chitin hydrolysis was significantly enriched, among which 15 significantly up-regulated genes were involved, through gene differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis（WGCNA）, and GO enrichment analysis. Among them, DN23985＿c0＿g1, DN2960＿c0＿g1, and DN8384＿c1＿g1 encoded zeaxanthin epoxidase, L-ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase, respectively, which had antioxidant effects and participated in antioxidant regulation. Both DN21785＿c1＿g1 and DN6596＿c0＿g1 encoded amino acid transporters, which may enhance osmoregulation by accumulating small amino acid molecules such as Pro. DN14393＿c0＿g1 encoded chitinase, which hydrolyzed chitin and promoted plant response to stress. In this study, it was confirmed that Cyperus esculentus had a good salt tolerance under 0.6% or less NaCl stress, and the salt-tolerance related genes were further screened out, which provided an important reference for the cultivation in saline soil and the breeding of salt-tolerant varieties.

为明确我国黄淮产区地黄种质间遗传多样性,解析种质间的亲缘关系,为该区地黄品种选育和种质鉴定提供依据,利用毛细管电泳技术和108对SSR引物对地黄种质进行分析,以获取种质间遗传相似系数、多态性引物、种质分辨率,利用软件TASSEL 3.0和Fig Tree(V 1.4.3)进行聚类分析和作图,选取多态性好、稳定性强的引物构建地黄种质的SSR指纹图谱.结果表明,共获得多态性引物50对,其片段长度在107～365 bp,种质间遗传相似系数在0.552～0.984,平均为0.729,野生种质的平均遗传相似系数明显低于地方品种和当前主栽品种.聚类结果显示,17个地黄种质分为3个亚群.选取并利用多态性强和分辨率高、扩增稳定的15对引物构建了地黄种质的SSR指纹图谱,实现了对每个地黄种质的快速鉴定.综上,SSR分析是实现地黄鉴真、聚类、DNA指纹图谱构建的一种有效方法.

在浓香型油脂的生产中油料烘烤温度是影响产品风味的重要因素,为了对浓香油莎豆油的产品开发和工艺条件优化提供支持,采用不同温度对油莎豆进行烘烤并压榨制取浓香油莎豆油,对油莎豆油的多个品质指标进行检测分析,明确烘烤温度对油莎豆油风味及综合品质的影响.结果表明:油莎豆经140、150、160、170、180℃烘烤25 min后榨取的5个油样的酸值(KOH)为1.36～2.31 mg/g,过氧化值为1.60～2.24 mmol/kg,维生素E含量为177.82～207.14 mg/kg,甾醇含量为208.73～230.01 mg/100 g;烘烤温度对油莎豆油的脂肪酸组成影响不大,但随温度升高反式脂肪酸含量从未检出升高至0.029％,3,4-苯并[a]芘(BaP)含量从1.06 μg/kg升高至1.66 μg/kg,多环芳烃(PAH16)含量从63.67 μg/kg升高至72.50 μg/kg,3-氯丙醇酯均未检出;随烘烤温度升高,5个油样中挥发性成分的种类及含量分别为60种16.46 mg/kg、87种33.07 mg/kg,81种22.36 mg/kg、78种17.71 mg/kg、57种21.78 mg/kg;150℃烘烤时油莎豆油的挥发性成分的种类和含量最为丰富;赋予浓香油莎豆油烘焙坚果味等正面风味属性的主要为杂环类物质,包括2,5-二甲基吡嗪和2-正戊基呋喃,其中2,5-二甲基吡嗪在140℃时的油莎豆油中未检出,之后随烘烤温度升高,在杂环类物质中的占比从烘烤温度150℃时的24.16％升高至烘烤温度为180℃的34.06％.综合油莎豆油风味、安全品质、营养品质和质量指标,浓香油莎豆油生产中以烘烤温度不超过160℃、烘烤时间不超过25 min为佳.

面粉色泽是小麦品质的重要指标,与色泽相关的低多酚氧化酶和高脂肪氧化酶活性是小麦品质育种的重要目标之一.为了明确河南省小麦地方品种中上述两类酶的基因分布情况,利用4个多酚氧化酶(polyphenoloxidase,PPO)和2个脂肪氧化酶(lipoxygenase,LOX)基因的功能标记对308份河南地方小麦品种进行检测.结果表明,基因PPO-A1a、PPO-A1b在306个品种中具有明确检测结果,携带品种数量为132和 174,频率为 43.14％和 56.86％;携带基因 PPO-D1a、PPO-D1b、TaLox-B1a、TaLox-B1b的品种数量为282、26、21和287,其频率为91.56％、91.56％、6.82％和93.18％.在306个品种中,携带低活性多酚氧化酶基因型组合(PPO-A1b/PPO-D1a)、较低活性多酚氧化酶基因型组合(PPO-A1b/PPO-D1b)、较高活性多酚氧化酶基因型组合(PPO-A1a/PPO-D1a)和高活性多酚氧化酶基因型组合(PPO-A1a/PPO-D1b)的品种数分别为 166、114、10 和 16,其频率分别为 54.25％、37.25％、3.27％和 5.23％,具有 PPO-A1b/PPO-D1a/TaLox-B1a基因型的品种有11个,其频率为3.59％,PPO-A1a/PPO-D1b/TaLox-B1b基因型品种数为16个.

以不同品质的油莎豆(优质豆及其脱皮豆、霉变豆及其脱皮豆)为原料,采用不同方法(浸出法、冷榨法、热榨法)制取12个油莎豆油样,并对其理化指标、营养成分含量、氧化稳定性等进行分析,研究原料品质和制油方法对油莎豆油综合品质的影响.结果显示:优质油莎豆所制取毛油的酸价和过氧化值低于霉变油莎豆所制取毛油.浸出毛油的酸价和过氧化值低于冷榨油和热榨油,热榨油中维生素E、甾醇含量最高,油莎豆脱皮后制油有利于提高甾醇含量.不同油莎豆油的氧化诱导时间分别为冷榨油1.40～2.19 h、热榨油2.33～3.27 h、浸出油29.47～39.77 h.霉变油莎豆黄曲霉毒素B1未检出.研究结果为油莎豆油品质精准控制提供了支持.

油莎豆是中国一种新兴的油-粮兼用型经济作物,该研究以'豫油莎3号,(中长粒)、'豫油莎2号,(中圆粒)和'YYS-4'(大粒)3类代表性粒型种质为材料,对其单株状态下的主要形态学和品质性状进行测定;并利用4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole,DAPI)染色和端粒探针荧光原位杂交两种方法对油莎豆进行染色体数分析.结果表明:(1)3个油莎豆材料的产量三要素(分蘖、单粒重、单株粒数)间的差异极显著.其中,YYS-4单粒重(1.98 g)最大,分别是'豫油莎2号,(0.61 g)和'豫油莎3号,(0.37 g)的3.3倍和5.4倍;'豫油莎3号'的单株粒数(245)最多,分别是'豫油莎2号'和'YYS-4'的1.3倍和1.6倍;'豫油莎3号'分蘖数最多(29),分别是'豫油莎2号'和,YYS-4'的2.1倍和1.5倍.(2)3个油莎豆材料的品质指标差异显著,其中'豫油莎2号'的油分含量(32.00％)最高,'豫油莎3号'的可溶性糖含量(21.30％)最高,'YYS-4'的淀粉和蛋白质含量均最高.(3)'豫油莎2号'在3个材料中的叶片净光合效率(18.17 μmol·m-2·s-1)最高,且蒸腾速率相对较低,水分利用率最高.(4)3个材料的染色体数相同,均为156条,DAPI染色和端粒探针荧光原位杂交的结果完全吻合.

为明确我国黄淮麦区41个小麦品种(系)中品质基因的分布和频率,利用23个分子标记对面筋强度、淀粉特性、面粉色泽及籽粒硬度等品质性状相关基因进行检测.结果表明,面筋强度相关基因Ax2*、Dx5+Dy10、Dx2+Dy12频率分别为7.32％、43.90％、56.10％;Wx(Waxy)-B1 蛋白亚基基因Wx-B1b只在1份材料中出现;低黄色素含量相关基因Psy-A1b、Psy-B1b、Zds-A1a频率分别为39.02％、43.90％、51.22％,高黄色素含量相关基因 Psy-A1a、Psy-B1a、Psy-B1c、Zds-A1b频率分别为60.98％、39.03％、17.07％、48.78％,Zds-D1位点均为Zds-D1b类型;低多酚氧化酶(Ppo)活性相关基因Ppo-A1b、Ppo-D1a频率分别为51.22％、60.98％;脂肪氧化酶(Lox)活性相关基因Lox-B1a、Lox-B1b频率分别为14.63％、85.37％;籽粒硬度基因(Puroindoline,Pin)的6种基因型(频率)分别为 Pina-D1a(80.48％)、Pina-D1b(19.52％)、Pinb-D1a(26.83％)、Pinb-D1b(73.17％)、Pinb-2v2(34.15％)和 Pinb-2v3(65.85％).共检测出14个品质相关优质基因和16个优质基因组合,Ax2*/Dy10+Dx5和Dy10+Dx5/Wx-B1b优质亚基基因组合分别出现在陕垦10号和郑麦366中;在所有品种中,郑0856、郑1325、郑9188、郑9062-5、郑9062-9、新麦28和西农979七个品种(系)中同时存在4个低黄色素相关优质基因,占比17.07％.

Wheat leaf rust is a prevalent foliar disease in wheat worldwide. Growing resistant cultivars is an effec-tive strategy to minimize the impact of leaf rust on yield and grain quality. Lr42 is a leaf rust resistance gene identified from Aegilops tauschii and is still effective against current predominant leaf rust races in the United States and many other countries. In this study, we developed diagnostic DNA markers for Lr42 using the sequence polymorphisms of a differentially expressed gene (TaRPM1) encoding a putative NB-ARC protein in the Lr42 candidate region identified by RNA-sequencing of two near-isogenic lines con-trasting in Lr42 alleles. Markers were designed based on a deletion mutation and a single nucleotide poly-morphism (SNP) in the gene. Haplotype analyses of the newly developed markers in the three diversity panels demonstrated that they are diagnostic for Lr42, and superior to previously used markers in selec-tion accuracy. These markers have the advantages of low cost and easy assay, and they are suitable for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs with either high- or low-throughput marker screening facilities.

串联重复序列广泛存在于真核生物的基因组中,它通过影响染色质的空间结构及基因表达从而影响生物的遗传与进化.本研究以琴叶拟南芥(Arabidopsis lyrata)基因组为材料,分析了1～50 bp重复单元的串联重复序列特征.研究发现串联重复序列在基因的5'UTR和启动子区域密度最高(8757 bp/Mb,8430 bp/Mb),而编码区CDS的密度最低(2406 bp/Mb).基因组中重复模体最高的为单核苷酸重复的T/A碱基,5'UTR中包含大量的二核苷酸重复模体,而在CDS中主要是三核酸重复模体.串联重复序列特征在琴叶拟南芥基因组不同区域的差别,显示其与基因表达和调控功能相适应.本研究深入探讨了串联重复序列在植物基因组中的特征及作用,为重复序列调控基因表达及植物基因组进化提供借鉴.

Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is a devastating disease that threatens yield and quality. Host resistance is considered the most effective and preferred means to control this disease. Wheat landrace Duanganmang (DGM) showed high resistance or near immunity to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici mixture from Henan Province, China. DGM was crossed with highly susceptible Chinese wheat landrace Huixianhong (HXH) and cultivar 'Shimai 15' (SM15) to produce genetic populations. The resistance of DGM to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolate E09 was shown to be controlled by a single dominant Mendelian factor, tentatively designated PmDGM. Marker analysis and 55K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array scanning showed that this gene was positioned in the Pm5 interval (2.4 cM or 1.61 Mb) flanked by Xhenu099 and Xmp1158 in the Chinese Spring reference genome. Homology-based cloning and sequence analysis demonstrated that DGM has the identical NLR gene (Pm5e) and RXL gene reported in Fuzhuang 30 (FZ30), conferring and modifying powdery mildew resistance, respectively. However, based on the different reaction patterns to the Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolate B15 between DGM and FZ30, the authors speculate that DGM may have two tightly linked genes that could not be separated in the current mapping population, one of which is PmDGM and the other being Pm5e. Hence, this study provides a valuable resistance resource for improvement of powdery mildew resistance.

Background Powdery mildew (PM), one of the major diseases in wheat, severely damages yield and quality, and the most economical and effective way to address this issue is to breed disease-resistant cultivars. Accordingly, 371 landraces and 266 released cultivars in Henan Province were genotyped by a 660 K microarray and phenotyped for adult plant resistance (APR) to PM from 2017 to 2020, and these datasets were used to conduct multilocus genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Results Thirty-six varieties showed stable APR in all the environments, and eleven quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) were found by multiple methods across multiple environments and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) values to be significantly associated with APR. Among these stable QTNs, four were previously reported, three were newly discovered in this study, and the others need to be further investigated. The major and newly discovered QTN, Qpm-3BL , was located at chr03BL_AX-109,052,670, while another newly discovered QTN, Qpm-1BL , was located between chr01BL_AX-108,771,002 and chr01BL_AX-110,117,322. Five and eight landraces were identified to be resistant based on Qpm-1BL (haplotype TC) and Qpm-3BL (allele T), respectively. To validate Qpm-3BL , a new kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) marker was developed to scan 155 F 2 individuals, and the average resistance score supported the value of Qpm-3BL in marker-assisted breeding. Near Qpm-3BL , PmBMYD was identified by KEGG, gene expression and comparative genomics analyses to be a candidate. Its resistance mechanism may involve gene tandem repeats. Conclusions This study reveals a previously unknown gene for PM resistance that is available for marker-assisted breeding.

Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks is one of the most problematic diseases of wheat throughout the world. The gene Lr42 confers effective resistance against leaf rust at both seedling and adult plant stages. Previous studies had reported Lr42 to be both recessive and dominant in hexaploid wheat; however, in diploid Aegilops tauschii (TA2450), we found Lr42 to be dominant by studying segregation in two independent F2 and their F2:3 populations. We further fine-mapped Lr42 in hexaploid wheat using a KS93U50/Morocco F5 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population to a 3.7 cM genetic interval flanked by markers TC387992 and WMC432. The 3.7 cM Lr42 region physically corresponds to a 3.16 Mb genomic region on chromosome 1DS based on the Chinese Spring reference genome (RefSeq v.1.1) and a 3.5 Mb genomic interval on chromosome 1 in the Ae. tauschii reference genome. This region includes nine nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes in wheat and seven in Ae. tauschii, respectively, and these are the likely candidates for Lr42. Furthermore, we developed two kompetitive allele-specific polymorphism (KASP) markers (SNP113325 and TC387992) flanking Lr42 to facilitate marker-assisted selection for rust resistance in wheat breeding programs.

In this study, analysis and evolutionary analysis were carried out concerning the vernalization and photoperiod response characteristics of 30 commercial wheat cultivars cultivated in Henan province from the 1940 s to the present by segregation experiment of vernalization and photoperiod response characteristics as well as observation on the process of young spike differentiation in field. Simultaneously, vernalization gene and photoperiod gene in the tested varieties were detected by STS markers. The results showed that there were many types of vernalization and photoperiod response in the evolution of commercial wheat cultivars in Henan province in the past 70 years. However, evolution of vernalization characteristics showed a trend of decreasing and then increasing regarding its winterness degree;while the sensitivity of photoperiod response characteristic showed a gradual decreasing trend. At the same time, further discussion was performed on the breeding strategy of vernalization and photoperiod response characteristics in the area. The results of molecular marker analysis revealed that the vernalization gene and the photoperiod gene were vrn-A1, vrn-B1, vrn-D1, vrn-D1 b and Ppd-A1 a, Ppd-D1 a in Henan Province, respectively. Nevertheless, the identification effect of these genes on vernalization and photoperiod response characteristics could not contribute to accurate reflection of the actual situation of winter-spring and photoperiod response characteristics of cultivars on the whole. Phenotype identification should be the predominant method for selection and identification of vernalization and photoperiod response characteristics in breeding.

Zhengmai 7698 is an elite winter wheat variety widely cultivated in the Southern regions of the Yellow-Huai River Valley of China. Here, we report the molecular markers used for breeding Zhengmai 7698 and the genome composition of this cultivar revealed using genome-wide SNPs. A total of 26 DNA markers derived from the genes controlling gluten protein quality, grain hardness, flour color, disease resistance, or pre-harvesting sprouting resistance were used during breeding. Consequently, Zhengmai 7698 had strong gluten, high grain hardness index, white flour color, and high levels of resistance to powdery mildew, stripe rust infections, and pre-harvesting sprouting. Using genome complexity reduction, 28,996 high-quality SNPs distributed on 21 wheat chromosomes were identified among Zhengmai 7698 and its three parental lines (4B269, Zhengmai 9405 and Zhoumai 16). Zhengmai 7698 shared 12,776, 14,411 and 16,085 SNPs with 4B269, Zhengmai 9405 and Zhoumai 16, respectively. Thus, the contributions of 4B269, Zhengmai 9405 and Zhoumai 16 to the genome of Zhengmai 7698 were comparable. Interestingly, Zhengmai 7698 had 307 unique SNPs that are absent in all three parents. We suggest that molecular markers facilitate selection of a wheat cultivar with multiple elite traits. Analysis of genome composition with SNPs may provide useful clues for further dissecting the genetic basis of improved wheat performance.

以高粱全基因组及基因中不同结构区域为研究对象,从Phytozome数据库中下载高粱基因组数据及基因注解数据,利用重复序列分析工具(Phobos v3.3.12),检测串联重复序列在不同区域的密度变化、模体类型及其在基因内与基因间的位置分布情况.结果表明,在高粱基因组中5′UTR、UI200、UI500中重复序列密度较高,分别为25655 bp/Mb、16761 bp/Mb、10718 bp/Mb,其余区域密度差别不大,约为6000 bp/Mb.在基因内及基因间区域中,重复序列模体主要为二碱基和三碱基重复,占到总密度的30％ 以上;特别在基因编码区(CDS),重复序列模体主要为3的倍数(如三碱基、六碱基等).并且串联重复序列在基因组中并非随机分布,在基因间隔区,串联重复序列的分布明显靠近基因,这样的分布特征可能与其基因转录调控有关;在内含子(Intron)区域,更多的重复序列分布偏向于内含子两端,这可能与内含子剪切有关.

The three key C4-specific photosynthesis genes of maize,ZmPEPC,ZmPPDK and ZmNADP-ME,hold great promise for increasing photosynthetic rate of C3 type plants.To investigate the effects of overexpression of those C4-specific photosynthesis genes on photosynthetic rate and drought tolerance of C3 plants,we obtained Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing ZmPEPC (phosphoenopyruvate carboxylase),ZmPPDK (pyruratedikinase),ZmNADP-ME (NADP-malic enzyme),ZmPEPC+ZmPPDK,and ZmPPDK+ZmNADP-ME,respectively,using agrobacterium mediated transformation.Wild type and transgenic Arabidopsis plants were firstly grown under well-water conditions and then under drought stress at flowering stage by stopping watering.Samples were collected at 1 d before water stress,5 d and 10 d after water stress,and 5 d after rewatering to analyze the relative expressions of transgenes,the enzymic activities of PEPC,NADP-ME and PPDK,net Photosynthetic rate(Pn) and water use efficiency(WUE).The results showed that the activities of PEPC and PPDK,Pn and WUE of the ZmPEPC+ZmPPDK transgenic plants were 52%,20%,24% and 55% higher than those of wild-type under normal water condition,respectively.The ZmPEPC+ZmPPDK transgenic plants had the largest increase in these parameters,except PPDK activity,compared to the plants with other transgenes.Based on the above measured parameters,the performances of the different transgenes can be ranked as ZmPEPC+ZmPPDK>ZmPEPC>ZmPPDK,ZmPPDK+ZmNADP-ME>ZmNADP-ME.All the measured parameters in the transgenic Arabidopsis leaves increased compared with their non-stressed controls at 5 d of drought stress,and decreased at 10 d of drought stress due to severe damage by drought,but were recovered in various degrees at 5 d after watering restored.Overall,ZmPEPC+ZmPPDK transgenic plants had the highest increase in these measured parameters under different drought stress conditions,and ZmPEPC transgenic plants were as the second.All transgenic Arabidopsis plants with different transgenes showed better drought tolerance than the wild type control.

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is an important fungal disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and causes significant yield losses worldwide. To determine quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for leaf rust resistance, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed from a cross of Ning7840 × Clark was evaluated for leaf rust severity, and was genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using 9K Illumina chips, and with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Two major QTLs on chromosome arms 7DS and 3BS, and two minor QTLs on chromosomes 5AS and 6AS showed a significant effect on leaf rust severity. The 7DS QTL from Ning7840 and the 3BS QTL from Clark explained, respectively, about 35% and 18% of the phenotypic variation for leaf rust resistance. The QTL on 7DS was confirmed to be Lr34. The QTL on 3BS, QLr.hwwg-3B.1, was associated with adult plant resistance and was provisionally identified as Lr74. QLr.hwwg-5AS and QLr.hwwg-6AS from Ning7840 and Clark, respectively, may correspond to previously described QTLs. Lr34, QLr.hwwg-3BS.1, and QLr.hwwg-6AS had an additive effect on leaf rust severity. RILs with all three favorable alleles showed the highest resistance to leaf rust and the RILs with none of them showed the lowest resistance.

Pm57, a novel resistant gene against powdery mildew, was transferred into common wheat from Ae. searsi and further mapped to 2S s #1L at an interval of FL0.75 to FL0.87.

为了给河南省小麦地方品种的开发利用提供依据,利用SSR标记对白和尚头、白麦、白芒糙、出山豹等15组名称相同的小麦地方品种共计155份材料进行了组间和组内遗传多样性分析.结果发现,同名品种组内,15组材料的等位变异变化范围为47～79个,平均遗传相似系数变化范围为0.66～0.93,多态性信息含量分布范围为0.856～0.936;同名品种组间,155份材料共产生143个等位变异,遗传相似系数分布范围为0.75～1.00,平均遗传相似系数为0.90,多态性信息含量为0.981.分别对同名品种组内和组间进行聚类分析,结果发现,同名品种组内3组共7份材料遗传相似系数为1.00,而同名品种组间未出现遗传相似系数为1.00的材料.由此可见,河南省小麦地方品种具有丰富的遗传多样性,同名小麦地方品种间存在同名同质和同名异质的现象.