Foliar application of selenium (Se) is an effective method for biofortification in rice, to ensure that sufficient Se is supplied by the crop to maintain human health. In order to improve Se concentration in rice and meet the daily recommended intake for humans, a foliar Se fertilizer was applied in five regions of Liaoning and Jilin provinces, China, and its effects on rice quality, leaf morphology, and wax characteristics were assessed in field tests. The effects of alkyl polyglycosides (APG) in the Se fertilizer were evaluated, and epicuticular waxes were measured to analyze the effects of the fertilizer on plant water status. The Se fertilizer effectively enhanced organic Se levels in rice (p < 0.05), ranging from 599.8 to 2002.0 mu g kg(-1). An intake of 50 g d(-1) of Se-enriched rice can meet nutritional requirements, with total Se intake ranging from 30.0 to 100.1 mu g d(-1). The Se fertilizer increased the protein content and decreased the proportion of chalky rice (p < 0.05). APG increased the wettability of Se fertilizer on the surface of leaves, so Se could be better absorbed into the leaves and accumulate in rice. The Se fertilizer increased the epicuticular wax so that moisture loss from leaves was reduced. Mean cuticular wax thicknesses were 2.36 and 2.25 mu g cm(2) in Daohuaxiang and Wuyou 4, respectively. These results suggest a link between the quality of rice and epicuticular wax thickness, and the foliar application of Se fertilizer shows promise for increasing Se content in rice grown in Se deficient soils.

Biofortification of selenium (Se) has emerged as an important strategy to enhance Se content in alfalfa, and sulfur (S) can be found to reduce the toxicity of Se to several crops. However, it is not clear if this interaction between Se(IV) and S enhances Se accumulation in alfalfa. In this study, alfalfa was grown on experimental pots and treated with foliar nutrient solutions containing 0–40 mg L−1 sodium selenite (Se(IV)), both with and without supplementary S. Results showed that foliar application of 10 mg L−1 Se(IV) with a S/Se(IV) ratio of 46.83 significantly increased shoot length (28.6

The foliar application of selenium (Se) is an effective method for biofortification of Se in crop grains in order to provide sufficient Se for human health. As a staple food in China, the foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), which had been Se biofortification, would be helpful to overcome Se deficiency in the diet. The Se fertilizer and its application technology are vital for reducing environmental risk while enriching selenium. Hence, the Se-rich nutrient solution developed by ourselves was used, and the effect of its amount and growth stage applied on the accumulation of Se in grains of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) was studied in the present study. The results were as follows: (1) the Se concentration in grains increased with the Se application rate increasing, and the highest Se concentration in grains was 1.83 mg kg-1 at the sprayed concentration of 61.5 gSe hm-2; (2) the accumulation of Se sprayed in the grain-filling stage was 1.3–1.6 times higher than that in the joint stage; and (3) the organ damage could be found under low Se/S ratio, which happened in the rice leaves when the Se rate was higher than 76.875 gSe m-2 with the low sulfate application compared with the formulation. This Se-rich nutrient solution could be used to produce the Se-rich millet grains and foliar application in the reproductive stage to produce qualified Se-rich millet.

为避免过量施硒产生叶片损伤,实现籽实富硒并降低成本,必须选择合适的富硒营养液喷施量.本研究在内蒙古春小麦产区开展富硒营养液叶面喷施量对"宁春4号"小麦产量和面粉品质影响的田间试验,结果发现:朵日纳营养液最佳喷施量为7500 mL·hm-2(硒施用量61.5 g·hm-2),相比对照,"宁春4号"产量显著提高11.8％(达600 kg·hm-2);面粉中的硒含量上升6.6倍,达0.66 mg·kg-1,同时,面粉中锌和蛋白质含量分别提高5.4％和12.4％.研究结果确定了朵日纳营养液应用于小麦的合适喷施量,对其推广应用和支撑地区富硒产业发展具有重要意义.

为了强化多环芳烃污染盐渍化土壤的原位植物-微生物修复的应用,获得促进植物降解多环芳烃的高效菌种资源,本研究采用富集培养的方法,从多环芳烃污染的大港油田翅碱蓬根际分离到1株能以菲、芘为唯一碳源同时分泌1-氨基环丙烷-1-脱氨酶的优势菌株B-1,通过形态观察和16S rRNA序列分析鉴定该菌株,并对其潜在的促生能力和菲、芘的降解特性进行分析.16S rRNA序列分析结果表明,该菌株为动性球菌属(Planococcus sp.),可产生3-吲哚乙酸,且具有溶磷能力.同时对菲、芘的降解具有较广泛的pH值和盐浓度范围,在菲和芘浓度均为50 mg·L-1,pH 8.0,盐度2％时,7d对菲、芘的降解率为66.6％和52.0％.表面活性剂烷基糖苷的添加使菲、芘降解效率分别提高至94.2％和78.8％.

Pantoea sp.TJB5是一株具有菲降解能力的耐盐碱菌株.为将其更好地应用到环境中去,研究了其粗酶液对菲的降解特性及降解途径关键酶基因的性质.结果表明:处理12h胞内酶对50mg·L-1菲的降解率达到70.1％.菲胞内酶降解的酶促反应最适温度是30℃,最适pH值为6,0～8,0,最适盐浓度为0～3.0％.进一步克隆降解功能酶邻苯二酚-2,3-双加氧酶(C230)基因,获得序列924bp,建树分析其与Sphingobium sp.407-1 C230的基因同源性为97％,初步判定该菌株对菲降解过程中产生的邻苯二酚是通过C230进行降解催化的.

Magnesite is the world's most important source material for magnesia refractory production, and Haicheng City in Liaoning Province, China has been called "the magnesium capital of the world." However, magnesite mining in these areas has caused serious environmental problems. Field investigations have shown that the soil profile of many sites in the mining region are contaminated by magnesium, and the magnesium-enriched crusts that have formed on the soil surface have affected ecologically important soil functions, particularly reduced water penetration rate. Laboratory experiment revealed that anionic polyacrylamide and calcium dihydrogen phosphate can be used to improve soil condition, and have positive effects on soil function. The findings of this study are of significance in the magnetite mining areas, providing clear options for the remediation of soils that should be carried out immediately.

The effects of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolates on Cd uptake and accumulation by maize ( Zea mays L.) were investigated in a planted pot experiment. Plants were inoculated with Glomus intraradices , Glomus constrictum and Glomus mosseae at three different Cd concentrations. The results showed that root colonization increased with Cd addition during a 6-week growth period, however, the fungal density on roots decreased after 9-week growth in the treatments with G. constrictum and G. mosseae isolates. The percentage of mycorrhizal colonization by the three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolates ranged from 22.7 to 72.3 %. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculations decreased maize biomass especially during the first 6-week growth before Cd addition, and this inhibitory effect was less significant with Cd addition and growth time. Cd concentrations and uptake in maize plants increased with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization at low Cd concentration (0.02 mM): nonetheless, it decreased at high Cd concentration (0.20 mM) after 6-week growth period. Inoculation with G. constrictum isolates enhanced the root Cd concentrations and uptake, but G. mosseae isolates showed the opposite results at high Cd concentration level after 9 week growth period, as compared to non-mycorrhizal plants. In conclusion, maize plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were less sensitive to Cd stress than uninoculated plants. G. constrictum isolates enhanced Cd phytostabilization and G. mosseae isolates reduced Cd uptake in maize ( Z. mays L.).

To improve the operation and management efficiency of power grid enterprises, a provincially unified gateway-metering platform is established in Liaoning power grid, which can collect the gateway point data for management of electricity purchase and sale and analysis of line losses. A universal real-time line loss calculation method is proposed on the basis of existing research results and platform features and the impact and sensitivity of the model parameters is analyzed by means of the gradient and directional derivative. Moreover, a case study is used to prove the correctness and effectiveness of the method, and the results show that it is a useful reference for power grid planning and operation.

With the increasing of massive-data in Power Grid services, which used the centralized database or unified database of large-scale Power Grid storage technology is difficult to meet the demand of each service and management. Firstly, the paper focuses on analysis of data type and characteristics in the Power Grid services, integrated the State Grid current structure of old equipment and communication networks, then based on that, we propose a distributed storage solutions that applied to Power Grid Services, and also design the data access control;finally, we carry on an initial validation and comparative analysis.

Indigenous Mycobacterium communities play an important role in the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), but little is known about Mycobacterium distribution in situ at PAH-contaminated sites. In this study, the diversity and distribution of Mycobacterium communities were investigated in sediments and soils at sites upstream, midstream, and downstream of an oil-sewage irrigation channel, using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The results show that heavy PAH contamination in upstream sites negatively affected Mycobacterium community diversity compared with midstream and downstream sites in all 3 sample types (sediments, corn field soils, and rice field soils). There was a correlation between the distribution of Mycobacterium communities and PAH contamination, as indicated by canonical correspondence analysis. Mycobacterium diversity and distribution was found to vary between the 3 sample types.

　　针对当前我国农产品数量安全基础数据获取手段落后、渠道匮乏、效率低下等问题，研究了多渠道农产品数量安全基础数据获取途径，可以提供满足农产品数量安全智能分析与预警需求的、及时、准确和完整的原始数据，建立了长效的自动数据获取机制。根据我国农村的特点，研发了符合我国国情的价格低廉的、自动化程度高的终端设备，提高采集数据的准确性，为农产品数量安全智能分析与预警提供有力支撑。

针对辽宁省菱镁矿区资源状况与环境问题,提出菱镁矿区土地生态修复技术对策,包括土壤污染等级分类对策、不同立地条件土地复垦适宜性评价与对策、板结土壤复垦技术与对策和排土场贫瘠土壤肥力改良修复对策,进行适宜性复垦植物筛选与复垦效果评价.

DNA cytosine methylation is a central epigenetic modification that has essential roles in the control of many critically important biological processes,including cell proliferation,differentiation,development,genomic imprinting and regulation of gene expression.With progresses in study on DNA methylation,detection techniques of DNA methylation have been developed to meet requirements of various researches.This article has established an improved bisulfite sequencing technique for analysis of MutL-homologue 1(MLH1) promoter methylation level of mismatch repair gene in Arabidopsis thaliana.After the genomic DNA in Arabidopsis thaliana was digested,purified,and then modified with bisulfite liquid,the PCR products were cloned into the pEASY-T1 vector.15 positive clones were randomly selected from each sample and then sequenced.The results showed that compared with the traditional method of methylation analysis,the improved method modified the digested DNA completely,reduced the modification time greatly,and improved the specificity,stability and repeatability of the PCR products.MLH1 promoter methylation level was 27.3% instead of 45.6%.The improved bisulfite sequencing technique avoided misidentification at non-methylated sites,and would provide a better means of research for analysis of DNA methylation in plant.

By using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) , and with 18S rRNA as the internal standard gene,this paper studied the effects of copper (Cu) stress on the expression of DNA mismatch repair genes ( MLH1,MSH2,MSH3,MSH6,and MSH7) in Arabidopsis thaliana plantlets,and,in combining with the morphological and physiological indices of the plantlets,the sensitive biomarkers of Cu stress were selected. The results showed that under Cu stress ( 0. 5,1. 0,and 2. 0 mg·L -1 ) for 10 days,no significant changes were observed in the seed germination percentage,shoot fresh mass,and chlorophyll content,but the root length was obviously inhibited,and the shoot total soluble protein content and mismatch repair genes expression decreased with increasing concentration of Cu. An obvious doseeffect relationship existed between the Cu concentration and the above-mentioned indicators of A. thaliana plantlets. The results indicated that the change trend of the shoot total soluble protein content was similar to that of the mismatch repair genes expression,which were all sensitive to the Cu stress and could be served as the potential and useful biomarkers for the detection of genotoxic effects of Cu pollution on plants.

Grid operating is transforming from meticulous management to lean management at present, however, it is the lack of an effective tool for tracking power purchase cost variation and correlation analysis that has seriously affected the flexibility and timeliness of electricity trading. To address this deficiency, timely and dynamic access to the current moment of electricity unit price analysis and simplify the electrovalence changes so that it will meet the demand for lean management of the grid, this paper proposed a model for power purchase price and cost analysis based on gateway electricity price information, and used the total differential characteristics to analyze the model 's rationality and sensitivity. Through the trial of on the platform of power gateway metering information management for Liaoning power network has showed that the model can effectively enhance the controllability of the company 's management, controllability, the ability to control, thus also proving the usefulness of the model.

This work was initiated to study the competitive sorption effect on phenanthrene and pyrene extraction during the aging process in phaeozem, burozem, aquorizem and krasnozem with or without freeze-thawing cycles. Soils contaminated with 100 μg g(-1) phenanthrene and 100 μg g(-1) pyrene separately and combined were extracted by 10 g L(-1) surfactant SDBS solution at various times over 120 days. The competitive effect on extraction efficiency may either increase or decrease with increasing soil contact time, depending on the properties of the accessible adsorption sites. The increased difference in extraction efficiency change has a positive correlation with soil organic carbon content. The change in extraction efficiency between no freeze-thawing and freeze-thawing in soils contaminated with both hydrocarbons was smaller compared to it with phenanthrene or pyrene alone due to the similar roles freeze-thawing and competitive effect plays, causing contaminant molecules to occupy the high-energy adsorption sites and expanding the glassy domain of soil organic matter. No general conclusions were obtained among the frequency of freeze-thawing cycles, soil moisture and extraction efficiency. This study validates our previous conceptual freeze-thawing model and is expected to help the development of the environmental fate and risk assessment.

This work was initiated to study the concentration effects on phenanthrene and pyrene extraction during process of aging in phaeozem and burozem with or without freeze–thawing cycles. 1, 10, and 100 μg g− 1 phenanthrene and pyrene contaminated soils were extracted by 10,000 mg L− 1 surfactant SDBS at various times. The extraction amount decreased with increasing contact time. Aging process could be divided into two stages: an initially rapid and then a slow sorption period. The amount extraction of 1 μg g− 1 pyrene in phaeozem was higher at the initial sorption stage. The time for 100 μg g− 1 phenanthrene and pyrene extraction efficiency to reach equilibrium in both soils were shorter than 1 and 10 μg g− 1. Changes in extraction efficiency rate caused by slow sorption were affected by contact time, physicochemical properties of soils and chemicals and the applied concentration of chemicals. For 1 and 10 μg g− 1 phenanthrene and pyrene contaminated soils, freeze–thawing cycle increased the extraction efficiency at the initial 1st and 8th days. The extraction efficiency with no freeze–thawing cycle was higher than that with freeze–thawing cycles at 30 and 120 days. A conceptual model was proposed to account for this process.

Mycobacterium spp. with the ability to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have attracted great attention. This study aims to isolate pyrene-degrading Mycobacterium spp. through direct plating and selective enrichment from sediment and paddy soil from several sites in Shenfu Wastewater Irrigation Area, and the diversity, catabolic genes and substrate utilization patterns of these pyrene-degrading Mycobacterium isolates was investigated. The Mycobacterium community dynamics was monitored during enrichment cultures by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) to determine whether the Mycobacterium sp. detected in DGGE gels was successfully recovered. The results showed that a total of 20 unique Mycobacterium isolates were collected including 3 strains from direct plating and 17 from enrichment cultures. In addition to pyrene, most of the isolates could also degrade phenanthrene and fluoranthene and contained nidA and nidA3 genes, and only half of isolated strains were found to possess the pdoA2 gene. DGGE results showed that the Mycobacterium community had a shift in diversity during enrichment process. phylogenetic analysis based on 16SrDNA sequences from bands excised from DGGE gels and from these isolates revealed that isolated Mycobacterium spp. were represented of bands excised from DGGE gels in a small proportion. This collection of isolates will be valuable in bioremediation of PAH-contaminated sites.