In the chalcopyrite flotation, a high dosage of lime (highly alkaline environment) is commonly used to depress pyrite, while xanthate is used as a collector, which causes problems in the scaling of pipes and loss of Cu in tailings. In this study, hexamethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid (HDTMP) was first employed as a novel and green collector for the separation of chalcopyrite and pyrite in a low-alkalinity environment. Flotation tests confirm HDTMP can efficiently separate chalcopyrite from pyrite at pH 9. Zeta potential and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) measurements show that anionic HDTMP can more easily adsorb onto the chalcopyrite surface against pyrite at pH 9. Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations reveal that the horizontal configuration of anionic HDTMP on the chalcopyrite surface is energetically favorable by the interactions between HDTMP's phosphonic acid group and chalcopyrite's Fe atoms. The higher activity of Fe sites on chalcopyrite surface and the steric hindrance of the upmost S atom layer on pyrite surface contributed to the selective adsorption on chalcopyrite against pyrite. This study serves as a new demonstration of selective recovery of chalcopyrite by organic phosphonic acid-based collectors in low-alkaline environment, and provides an innovative solution to synchronize industrial pain points such as Cu loss, excessive consumption of flotation reagents, and pipeline fouling in the flotation process.

In this paper, the interactions of water, kerosene, and Cu ion with molybdenite surfaces were researched from a new perspective of DFT calculations to establish their microscopic links to molybdenite depression. The calculation results showed that H2O adsorption on molybdenite (001) surface by H-S bond while on Mo-edge and Sedge on (100) surface by Mo-O and H-S bonds, however, kerosene had the capability to displace the H2O adsorbed on both the molybdenite (001) and (100) surfaces. Besides, molybdenite (001) surface had a weaker hydration ability than that of (100) surface, making H2O more easily crowded out by kerosene on molybdenite (001) surface than on (100) surface. Consequently, with H-S bond formation, kerosene adsorbed stronger on hydrated molybdenite (001) surface than on Mo-edge and S-edge on molybdenite (100) hydrated surface. Furthermore, we found that CuOH+ was chemically adsorbed on molybdenite (001) and (100) hydrated surfaces, and after its adsorption, kerosene could not crowd out it on the (001) and (100) hydrated surfaces, which caused the hydrophobicity significantly decreased and flotation of molybdenite depressed. Our research provides fresh perspectives at microscopic level on molybdenite flotation in the presence of ions, which can enhance the understanding of molybdenite flotation.

The depression mechanism of sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb2+activated sphalerite in the flotation separation of galena from sphalerite still lacked in-depth insight.Therefore,the depression mechanism of sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb2+activated sphalerite in the flotation separation of galena from sphalerite was further systematically investigated with experiments and density functional theory(DFT)calculations.The X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy(XPS)results,DFT calculation results,and frontier molecular orbital analysis indicated that sulfite ions were difficult to be adsorbed on sphalerite surface,suggesting that sulfite ions achieved depression effects on sphalerite through other non-adsorption mechanisms.First,the oxygen content in the surface of sphalerite treated with sulfite ions in-creased,which enhanced the hydrophilicity of the sphalerite and further increased the difference in hydrophilicity between sphalerite and galena.Then,sulfite ions were chelated with lead ions to form PbSO3 in solution.The hydrophilic PbSO3 was more easily adsorbed on sphalerite than galena.The interaction between sulfite ions and lead ions could effectively inhibit the activation of sphalerite.In addition,the UV spectrum showed that after adding sulfite ions,the peak of perxanthate in the sphalerite treated xanthate solution was significantly stronger than that in the galena with xanthate solution,indicating that xanthate interacted more readily with sulfite ions and oxygen mo-lecules within the sphalerite system,leading to the formation of perxanthate.However,sulfite ions hardly depressed the flotation of ga-lena and could promote the flotation of galena to some extent.This study deepened the understanding of the depression mechanism of sulfite ions on sphalerite and Pb2+activated sphalerite.

The rapid development of industrial society is also accompanied by the generation of a large amount of heavy metal wastewater, which has caused serious harm to the ecological environment and human society. Natural sphalerite has an important value in the environmental field due to its own semiconducting properties. In order to effectively remove Ag + from wastewater containing silver, this study develops a natural mineral-based Ag + adsorbent material (sphalerite) based on elemental affinity qualities and mineralization principles. The results of batch experiments showed that the initial Ag + concentration of 50 mg/L reduced to 0.094 mg/L with a reaction duration of 15 min, a sphalerite dose of 5 g/L, an initial particle size of −400 mesh (38 μm), a reaction temperature of 25 °C, and a pH of 5. The highest adsorption capacity is 19.77 mg/g, and the adsorption behavior is consistent with the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics. The results of solution chemical analysis indicate that the presence of Ag + is primarily influenced by the presence of S 2− . Further analysis using SEM-EDS, FTIR, and XPS techniques reveals that Ag + is chemically adsorb onto the mineral surface, resulting in the formation of Ag 2 S. DFT calculations further confirm the overlap between the Ag 4d orbitals and the S 3p orbitals on the surface of sphalerite, further confirming its chemical adsorption. Mulliken populations suggest that charge transfer occurs between Ag + and S atoms in the sphalerite surface. This research systematically reveals the Ag + adsorption mechanism on sphalerite surface and expands research ideas for treating heavy metal wastewater.

With the increased use of silver in industry, a lot of wastewater containing silver is produced. If this wastewater is not treated, it will seriously impact both the ecological environment and human life. In order to effectively remove Ag+ from silver -containing wastewater, this study innovatively developed a natural mineral -based adsorption material (galena). The effects of reaction time, galena dosage, starting concentration, initial particle size, temperature, and solution pH on Ag+ removal were first studied using batch studies. The outcomes demonstrated that the initial Ag+ concentration of 50 mg/L reduced to 0.086 mg/L with the reaction duration of 15 min, the galena dose of 5 g/L, the initial particle size of -400 mesh (38 mu m), the reaction temperature of 25 degrees C, and the pH of 5. The adsorption results show that the removal behavior of Ag+ by galena is consistent with the pseudo -second -order adsorption kinetic model and the Freundlich isothermal adsorption model, with the maximum adsorption amount of 18.78 mg/g. Solution chemical analysis shows that in the Ag+-NO32--Pb2+-S2- system, Ag+ mainly reacts with S2- and forms a precipitate at pH = 5-6. SEM-EDS, FT-IR, and XPS analysis also showed that S2- and Ag+ are bound together as Ag2S in the galena surface. Orbital hybridization of the 4d orbitals of Ag+ with the S2- 3p orbitals occurs during the adsorption process according to density functional theory (DFT) calculations. During the adsorption process, Ag+ undergo charge transfer with S2- in the surface of galena.

In this study, selective adsorption mechanism of zinc ions on the surfaces of galena and sphalerite in the flotation separation of Pb-Zn was comprehensively explored by flotation tests, Zeta potential measurements, Fourier transform interferometric radiometer (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Microflotation test showed that the use of ZnSO 4 in alkaline pulp could selectively separate galena from sphalerite better than that without ZnSO 4 . Zeta potential test results showed that ZnSO 4 could significantly increase the Zeta potential of sphalerite under alkaline conditions, but had little effect on galena. The results of FTIR test showed that xanthan characteristic peak appeared in xanthate-treated galena at pH = 10, while sphalerite treated with xanthate did not. XPS and DFT calculation results showed that sphalerite had stronger adsorption capacity for hydroxyl ions than galena. DFT calculation further confirmed that Zn(OH) 2 could be adsorbed on the surface of hydroxylated sphalerite instead of hydroxylated galena and formed a new interface microstructure of sphalerite (Zn surf -O-Zn-O-H), resulting in the inhibition of sphalerite. This paper further deepened the selective adsorption mechanism of zinc ions on the surface of sphalerite in the flotation separation of Pb-Zn under alkaline conditions.

复杂难处理的氧化铜矿具有氧化率高、结合率高、矿物组成复杂等特点.孔雀石是一种典型氧化铜矿,其在矿浆中会与水的偶极子相互吸引形而成定向排列的水化膜,不利于浮选.孔雀石在硫化浮选过程中,其表面形成的硫化面积小、硫化物不稳定且易脱落.本文对硫酸铵增强硫化效果进行了系统研究,研究发现铵盐对氧化铜矿表面的硫化具有明显的促进作用,且能有效地提高孔雀石硫化浮选回收率.对溶液中S元素组分分析发现,在孔雀石浮选的最佳浮选pH范围内,HS?为主要的含硫组分,推测HS?是孔雀石硫化的主要物质.Zeta电位结果表明:硫酸铵的加入能促进HS?/S2?等负离子在矿物表面吸附.原子力显微镜(AFM)测试分析表明,硫酸铵提高了孔雀石表面硫化物的稳定性.X射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究表明,硫化过程是硫离子与矿物表面的铜离子发生氧化还原反应过程,硫酸铵的加入能促进这一氧化还原反应的进行,提高硫化效率.基于硫酸铵促进活化硫化浮选机理的研究,形成了先硫后氧?深度活化氧化铜矿异步浮选新工艺,并且成功地应用于华刚矿业的生产实践,大幅提高氧化铜矿浮选回收率.

为给刚果(金)某特大型铜钴矿的开发利用工艺研究提供基础数据,进行了工艺矿物学研究.结果表明,矿石铜品位为3.12％、钴品位为0.15％,铜主要以辉铜矿、赤铜矿、孔雀石的形式存在,钴主要以水钴矿和硬锰矿的形式存在.矿石中脉石矿物主要为石英、绢云母、绿泥石等.孔雀石、硅孔雀石嵌布粒度较粗,但粗细不均匀,主要粒度范围在0.04～0.64 mm;辉铜矿的嵌布粒度中等,粒度大小较均匀,主要粒度范围在0.02～0.32 mm;赤铜矿嵌布粒度与辉铜矿类似,主要粒度范围在0.02～0.32 mm;水钴矿的嵌布粒度较均匀,主要粒度范围在0.02～0.16 mm.有用矿物多呈不规则粒状分布,且矿物之间形成复杂的连生关系.硫化铜和赤铜矿精矿铜的理论回收率在50％左右,氧化铜精矿的理论回收率在41％左右;硫化铜和赤铜矿精矿中钴的理论回收率约为2％,氧化钴精矿的理论回收率在50％左右,分散于粉砂岩中的钴占总钴的30％左右.

Gas holdup plays an important role in flotation column and it is affected by column struc-ture and operating parameters.It was analyzed that the influence rule of structural factors incuding height to diameter ratio,quantity and structure of vertical and horizontal baffles,aerator structure,operation pa-rameters such as velocity of aeration and feeding,type and concentration of solid particles and foaming a-gent on gas holdup.Optimization of column structure keeping gas holdup in the best range for mineral flo-tation could improve the flotation targets of objective mineral;In actual production applications,it is feasi-ble to adjust aeration and feeding velocity,type and dosage of foaming agent to get optimum gas holdup. Meanwhile,it is also indicated that gas holdup enhancement will be an important research field of flotation column in future.

It shows from research on mineral processing test of waste rock samples of a copper-cobalt mine in the Democratic Republic of Congo that the sample contains 1.2% of copper with oxidation rate of 89.58% and 0.022% of cobalt with oxidation rate of 81.90%,After grinding the ores to-0.074 mm accounting for 75%,it adopts the asynchronous flotation process of sulphurization firstly and then oxidation,and copper sulphide concentrate and copper oxide concentrate can be obtained from rough concentrate after being cleaned for three times,the total copper recovery reaches 78%,therefore,the process has relatively high practical application value.

Factors of influencing the pulp settling property were investigated on the copper concentrate pulp of a mine.The effect of material particle size,pulp concentration,the flocculant kind and agent dosage on the settling speed was studied in the flocculation settling test.The test results indicate that the coarser particles settle easier,high molecular flocculants play a role of accelerating the particle settling,and the settling rate is decreased with the increase of pulp concentration and increased with the increase of agent dosage.

The invention discloses a beneficiation method of a high-oxygenation-efficiency complicated copper ore containing co-associated metal. The method comprises the following steps of: grinding a raw ore to be selected and blending into ore slurry I; carrying out copper sulfide select flotation on the ore slurry I to obtain copper sulfide ore concentrate I, copper sulfide middling and copper sulfide tailings; carrying out copper oxide select flotation on the copper sulfide tailings to obtain copper oxide ore concentrate I, copper oxide middling and copper oxide tailings; and carrying out fine selection on the copper sulfide middling and the copper oxide middling to respectively obtain sulfide ore concentrate II and copper oxide ore concentrate II. The copper sulfide middling and the copper oxide middling are respectively and independently processed to obtain high-grade copper sulfide ore concentrate and high-grade copper oxide ore concentrate; and meanwhile, low-grade copper sulfide ore concentrate and low-grade copper oxide ore concentrate are obtained. The high-grade copper sulfide ore concentrate, the low-grade copper sulfide ore concentrate and the copper oxide ore concentrates are separated, so that a subsequent metallurgy process flow is simplified, the recycling rate of copper is improved, a co-associated metal resource is enhanced and the recycling of noble metal is particularly enhanced; and the production cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.

The experimental study on the mineral processing of a copper and cobalt tailings in the the Democratic Republic of the Congo shows that the sample contains 0.9% of copper with oxidation rate of 95% and contains 0.06% of cobalt with oxidation rate of 93.33%,after scrubbing grinding,adopting three roughing with one scavenging and three cleaning mix flotation mineral processing with sodium sulfide as vulcanizing agent can produce single concentrate wih copper content of 13.54% and recovery of 72.51% and with cobalt content of 0.52% and recovery of 47.29%,the processing has advantages of simple and easy to be implemented with simple flotation reagents.