Visualizing RNA is critical for understanding RNA expression patterns and spatial organization within cells, offering valuable insights into gene regulation and cellular functions. High-resolution RNA imaging techniques are therefore indispensable for revealing the complexities of cellular pathways and physiological processes. Traditional RNA imaging methods, however, face significant limitations, such as high background noise resulting from labeling or cell fixation, which can impede the accurate tracking of RNA dynamics in live cells. Fluorescent light-up RNA aptamers (FLAPs) have emerged as a powerful alternative, distinguished by their capacity for enhanced fluorescence activation, reduced background interference, and advantages such as label-free imaging, small molecular size, and customizable structures. In this review, we provide an overview of the development of FLAPs, explore recent advancements in FLAP-based RNA imaging strategies, and discuss both the challenges and future directions in the field. Through this analysis, we aim to facilitate the further development and application of FLAPs in RNA research, fostering innovation and offering new perspectives in the study of RNA biology.

This work investigates the effect of Ru on the precipitation of the topologically close-packed (TCP) phase from the gamma-gamma' microstructural degradation analysis. The addition of Ru is found to delay the precipitation time of the TCP phase from 100 h to 1000 h after thermal exposure at 950 degrees C. The effect of Ru on the gamma-gamma' microstructural degradation is also investigated. Adding Ru slightly decreases the coarsening rate of the gamma' size and promotes the reduction of the volume fraction of gamma' phase. The reduction of the volume fraction of gamma' phase causes the "inverse partitioning" effect and increases the solution limit of the TCP forming element in the matrix. These help inhibit the precipitation of the TCP phases in Ni-based single crystal superalloys during thermal exposure.

Although perovskite has great potential in optoelectronic devices, the simultaneous satisfaction of material stability and high performance is still an issue that needs to be solved. Most perovskite optoelectronic devices use quantum dot spin coating or the gas-phase growth of perovskite thin films as the photoelectric conversion layer. Due to stability limitations, these materials often experience a significant decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency when encountering liquid reagents. The self-assembled growth of hybrid perovskite crystals determines superior lattice ordering and stability. There are three types of ionic liquids—[Emim]BF4, EMIMNTF2, and HMITFSI—that can effectively enhance the X-ray photoelectric conversion performance of hybrid perovskite crystal CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3), and the enhancement in the photocurrent leads to an improvement in the sensitivity of X-ray detectors. We soak the perovskite crystals in an ionic liquid and perform two treatment methods: electrification and dilution with ETOH solution. It is interesting to find that MAPbI3 perovskite single crystal materials choose the same optimized ionic liquid species in X-ray detection and photovoltaic power generation applications, and the effect is quite the opposite. Compared with untreated MAPbI3 crystals, the average photocurrent density of Electrify-HMITFSI MAPbI3 increased by 826.85% under X-ray excitation and the sensitivity of X-ray detectors made from these treated MAPbI3 crystals significantly increased by 72.6%, but the intensity of the PL spectrum decreased to 90% of the untreated intensity.

Tunnel cracks are thin and narrow linear targets, and their pixel proportions in images are usually very low, less than 6%; therefore, a method is needed to better detect small crack targets. In this study, a crack detection method based on crack characteristics and an anchor-free framework is investigated. First, the characteristics of cracks are analyzed to obtain the real crack texture, interference noise texture, and targets appearing near each crack as the context information for the model to filter and remove noise. We discuss the crack detection performance of anchor-based and anchor-free algorithms. Then, an optimized anchor-free algorithm is proposed in this paper for crack detection. Based on the advantages of YOLOX-x, we add a semantic enhancement module to better use contextual information. The experimental results show that the anchor-free algorithm performs slightly better than other algorithms in crack detection situations. In addition, the proposed method displays better detection performance for slender and inconspicuous cracks, with an average precision of 0.858.

AbstractZero‐dimensional (0D) hybrid manganese halides have gained wide attention for the various crystal structures, excellent optical performance and scintillation properties compared with 3D lead halide perovskite nanocrystals. In this work, a new family of 0D hybrid manganese halides of A2MnBr4 (A = BzTPP, Br‐BzTPP, and F‐BzTPP) based on discrete [MnBr4]2− tetrahedral units is reported as highly efficient lead‐free scintillators. Excited by UV or blue light, these hybrids emit bright green light originating from the d–d transition of Mn2+ with near‐unity PLQY (99.5%). Significantly, high PLQY and low self‐absorption render extraordinary radioluminescence properties with the highest light yield of 80,100 photons MeV−1, which reached the climax of present hybrid manganese halides and surpassed most commercial scintillators. The radioluminescence intensity features a linear response to X‐ray doses with a detection limit of 30 nGyair s−1, far lower than the requirement of medical diagnostic (5.5 µGyair s−1). X‐ray imaging demonstrates ultrahigh spatial resolution of 14.06 lp mm−1 and short afterglow of 0.3 ms showcasing promising application prospects in radiography. Overall, we demonstrated new hybrid manganese halides as promising scintillators for advanced applications in X‐ray imaging with multiple superiorities of nontoxicity, facile‐assembly process, high irradiation light yield, excellent resolution, and stability.

Objective The correlative cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging is a high-resolution fluorescence imaging technique using electron beam as excitation source. However, the sensitivity of biomaterials to electron irradiation limits the wide application of CL technique in life science. In order to study and develop the application of CL technology in biological samples, this paper aims to deeply understand the excitation characteristics of organic fluorophore by electron source by exploring the structural damage of carbon substrate, degradation of organic groups and fluorescence quenching caused by electron irradiation. Methods We used a CL and electron microscopy (CCLEM) technique in a field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe organic fluorophores and fluorescently labeled cells. Results We studied excitation and emitting characteristics of organic fluorophores by electron beam. Under the irradiation of low energy symbolscript keV) and low current (similar to 10 pA), the fluorescent microbeads had the stronger and stable CL emission, the resolution of CL image reached similar to 30 nm. After 12 min irradiation, fluorescence intensity of microbeads decreased by 25%, and CL image still maintained acceptable fluorescence intensity and adequate signal to noise ratio. Further, fluorescently labeled subcellular structures were identified from cell surface to a certain depth inside the cell. The nuclei and organelles were well observed with a bulk-sample imaging setup, while membrane proteins, that are widely localized on the cell surface, were clearly identified with a home-made imaging setup of thin-sample. Conclusion Results provide data and technical support for the application of CCLEM in the study of biological structures. CCLEM bioimaging can also be used as an important supplement to correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) technique.

Purpose Different types of HPV have been associated with cancer in humans, but the role of HPV in esophageal cancer (EC) is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between HPV infection and EC in the Chinese population and to provide the scientific basis for the future prevention, control, early diagnosis, and treatment strategies of EC in China. Methods PCR detected HPV infection in 1112 esophageal cancer tissue samples, and 89 HPV-positive samples were detected by genotyping. Proximity ligation assays (PLAs) and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of HPV E6 and E7 proteins. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the integration of HPV16 E6. The level of HPV-specific antibody IgG in serum was detected by ELISA and PLA. Results The positive rates of HPV L1, HPV16, HPV18, hpv16 + 18 E6 and hpv16/18 E6 in 1,112 EC tissue samples were 77.6%, 41.4%, 27.2%, 14.2% and 55.4% respectively. Multiple HPV subtypes were detected in HPV-positive EC samples. PLA showed that E6 and E7 were expressed in EC109 and formed complexes with p53 and pRb, respectively. Immunohistochemistry showed that the positive rates of hpv16 + 18 E6 and E7 in HPV-positive EC samples were 56.4% and 37.0%, respectively. HPV-DNA integration rate in HPV-positive EC tissues (88.79%) was higher than that in adjacent tissues (54.17%). HPV antibody was found in the serum of EC patients by a serological test. Conclusion The study suggests that HPV, especially HPV16 and HPV18, the infection may be a risk factor for EC in the Chinese population and that the E6 protein may play a key role in HPV-associated malignancies. These results may be important for the prevention and treatment of HPV-positive EC in China.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important target for tumor therapy in various tumors. The current understanding of EGFR conformations on the cell surface is based on X-ray structural data, molecular dynamic simulations, and fluorescence-localization imaging. Using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) with the resolution at sub-nanometers, we successfully recognized individual molecules of EGFRs and their assembly details on the surface of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) upon one-to-one labeling by Au nanoparticles. Based on our results, we have proposed the possible configurations, structural models, and conformational transitions of EGFR oligomers. Our study shows that the high-resolution electron imaging is an invaluable tool to provide direct evidence of EGFR configuration on tumor cell surfaces, and may play a pivotal role in further understanding of EGFR-associated signaling and tumor therapy.

目的:利用电镜对三阴性乳腺癌细胞表面的表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)进行超高分辨单分子成像研究.方法:在ITO导电玻璃上培养三阴性乳腺癌细胞系MB-231,经甲醛固定后先与生物素修饰的EGFR特异的核酸适配体孵育,再与链霉亲和素修饰的金纳米颗粒孵育,用生理盐水清洗后,利用扫描电镜对细胞膜表面EGFR分子进行纳米尺度下的超高分辨成像研究.结果:在三阴性乳腺癌细胞膜表面,EGFR可以单体、二聚体和多聚体的形式存在,经统计在常规培养条件下单体比例为36.98％,二聚体比例为12.22％,多聚体比例为50.80％.结论:EGFR在三阴性乳腺癌细胞膜表面主要以包括二聚体在内的多聚体形式存在,所占其总数的比例超过了62％.

In this paper, we performed a high-resolution measurement of channel temperature rise in GaN-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). Cathodoluminescence spectroscopy in the scanning electron microscope was used to probe the temperature rise with several tens of nanometers spatial resolution and accuracy better than +/- 8 degrees C. We also determined the temperature distribution and peak temperature change with the power density in active AlGaN/GaN HEMTs in the source-gate and gate-drain openings. The measured results agree reasonably well with physical 2D electrothermal simulations and Raman thermography.

ZnO thin films are deposited on sapphire (0001) substrates by a high-purity ZnO target and a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 355 nm.The structural,optical and electrical properties of ZnO thin films are grown and investigated in various substrate temperatures.The morphological propertie of the films is analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM).The optical properties and electrical properties of the films are investigated by Raman scattering and ultraviolet photoluminescence (PL) emission and FTIR Hall-effect measurements,respectively.The results of the temperature of the substrate is a highly important parameter to influence the film morphology and films grown,and the high quality crystallinity has an excellent UV emission at 500 ℃.

The wavelength tenability of QPM-OPOs has been theoretically analyzed based on the Sellmeier equation of periodically poled crystals and the QPM theory.Furthermore,tuning curves of PPRTA,PPKTP and PPLN OPOs,including polar inversion grating period tuning,temperature tuning and pump wavelength tuning,etc.have been calculated and compared.By comparison with PPKTP and PPLN crystals,parametric tuning characteristics of PPRTA crystal have been superior to that of PPKTP and PPLN crystals.The numerical simulations agree with the experimental data reported by foreign researchers.Therefore,PPRTA crystal has been approved to be an ideal QPM nonlinear material generating tunable midinfrared coherent radiation.