Atrazine has been widely used in the world and caused environmental pollution, especially soil pollution. When assessing the toxicity of atrazine in soil, most studies used standardized artificial soils, while few studies focused on the real soil environments. In the present study, three natural soils and artificial soil were selected as test soils to study and compare the toxicities of atrazine to Eisenia fetida. Acute toxicity of atrazine was determined by filter paper and soil tests. In chronic toxicity study, after atrazine exposure, the content of reactive oxygen species in Eisenia fetida significantly increased and showed a dose-response relationship. The activity changes of three antioxidant enzymes and glutathione transferase showed that atrazine had obvious oxidative stress effect on earthworms. The contents of malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine in 0.1 and 1 mg/kg atrazine treatment groups were significantly higher than the control, indicating that medium and high concentrations of atrazine could cause lipid and DNA damage in Eisenia fetida. The acute toxicity results and the integrated biomarker response index for chronic toxicity indicated that the toxicity order of atrazine was: red clay > fluvo-aquic soil > artificial soil > black soil, and that the toxicity of atrazine in artificial soil was not representative of its toxicity in real soil environment. The results of correlation analysis showed that three soil property parameters of organic carbon, organic matter and sand were most related to the toxicity of atrazine.

Mesotrione, a triketone herbicide, has been widely used in corn fields in recent years. The present study evaluated the toxicity of mesotrione to earthworms after exposing for 28 d at 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg in a soil mixture (10% sphagnum peat, 20% kaolinite clay, and 70% sand by weight). The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST), antioxidant enzyme [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD)], lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in earthworms were determined. The ROS levels in mesotrione-exposed groups were higher than the control during the whole experiment, however, the SOD activities exhibited a downward trend. The MDA content, GST, CAT and POD activities were elevated at 7th day, but returned to control level after 28 d. The damage of DNA was increased greatly with increasing doses and time, which showed the relationship between dose-effect and time-effect. The results suggested herbicide mesotrione can cause ecological damage to soils as attested by oxidative stress and DNA damage in earthworms.

Azoxystrobin has been largely applied as a kind of new strobilurin fungicide in recent years. Knowledge about the impact of the fungicide on soil biochemical properties is critical for understanding its effect on soil health. The effects of different doses of azoxystrobin (0, 0.1, 1, 10 mg center dot kg(-1)) on cultivable soil microbial population, soil enzymatic activities, and soil respiration in Cambisol were investigated under laboratory incubation. These soil properties were determined after treatments of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The results indicated that azoxystrobin applications inhibited soil respiration, the populations of bacteria and actinomycetes, and dehydrogenase activity. However, catalase activity was activated as an effect of azoxystrobin application. Meanwhile, the treatment had no significant impact on fungi population and protease activity compared with the control. Urease activity was obviously inhibited with the azoxystrobin-treated soil in the first 14 days, but recovered close to the control levels on day 28. In general, azoxystrobin could cause certain negative effects on soil microbes in the acid soil with low organic matter.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of Devosia sp .ANSB714 on mice exposed to deoxynivalenol (DON) base on the problem of DON toxicity .In the experiment ,80 male mice were randomized with 4 treatments with 5 repeats each group :non‐toxin control ,non‐toxin control + ANSB714 ,toxin control and toxin control + ANSB714 .The growth per‐formance (ADG ,ADFI and F/G) ,immunity function (IgA、IgG、IL‐1β、IL‐6 and TNF‐α) and antioxidation function (SOD、GSH‐PX and MDA) were determined after 28 days experiment .During 28 days of exposure to the mice in all treatments ,the values in toxin control are significantly lower than those in the other groups with regard to average daily gain and average daily feed intake , while there is no significant difference among other groups .Compared with the other groups ,the levels of IgA ,IL‐6 and TNF‐αin toxin control are significantly higher .Serum chemistry and immunity function in toxin control diet containing ANSB714 return to the normal state exhibited by the non‐toxin control .The results suggest that adding Devosia sp .ANSB714 to toxin diets could eliminate the negative effects of DON on mice .