The challenges like dendritic expansion, corrosion, and by-product of Zn anodes significantly hamper the progress of aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs). This work proposes the use of artificially synthesized layered silicate-fluorophlogopite mica (FM) as a coating for the anode of AZIBs to provide a solution to the aforementioned issues. As a result of experimental and theoretical calculations, the FM coating exhibits a dual nature of "hydrophobicity-zincophility". Its hydrophobicity can block the contact with solvated water, thereby inhibiting by-product, corrosion and hydrogen evolution reactions. Its strong zincophility helps regulate the Zn2+ solvation structure, while decreases the obstacle to Zn2+ nucleation and facilitates uniform deposition. Therefore, FM@Zn symmetric cells demonstrate a lengthy period cycling of 3000 h at 1 mA cm- 2 (1 mAh cm- 2) and 2100 h at 5 mA cm- 2 (2.5 mAh cm- 2). By reason of combined benefits of easy preparation, affordability and outstanding effectiveness, the FM coated Zn anode is well-suited for mass production in industrial settings. This study presents a novel method for creating superior protective coatings for Zn anodes that effectively prevent dendrite formation and corrosion.

The glass infiltration technique was employed for surface modification of zirconia implants in this study. The prepared glass-infiltrated zirconia with low infiltrating temperature showed excellent mechanical properties and enough infiltrating layer. The zirconia substrate was pre-sintered at 1,200°C and the glass infiltration depth reached 400 μm after infiltrating at 1,200°C for 10 h. The infiltrating glass has good wetting ability, thermal expansion match and good chemical compatibility with the zirconia substrate. Indentation fracture toughness and flexural strength of the dense sintered glass-infiltrated zirconia composite are respectively 5.37±0.45 MPa•m1/2 and 841.03±89.31 MPa. Its elasticity modulus is 163.99±7.6 GPa and has about 500 μm infiltrating layer. The glass-infiltrated zirconia can be acid etched to a medium roughness (1.29±0.09 μm) with a flexural strength of 823.65±87.46 MPa, which promotes cell proliferation and has potential for dental implants.

Digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology was applied to manufacture thin dental porcelain veneers. The prepared thin dental porcelain veneers showed excellent translucency and appearance. The median and mean particle sizes of the printed glass powders were 10.11 mu m and 12.03 mu m, respectively, with a unimodal distribution. The green glass compacts were printed layer by layer, with an individual layer thickness of 50 mu m. The results showed that, according to the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) and the thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC), the debinding procedure of the green glass compacts was annealed at 320 degrees C for 120 min and 570 degrees C for 120 min, respectively. The results of the classical sintering kinetics models and SEM examination demonstrated that the glass compacts were sintered at 790 degrees C for 5 min. The flexural strength and the chemical solubility of the sintered glasses were 132.58 +/- 25.83 MPa and 18 mu m.cm(-2), respectively. Both flexural strength and chemical solubility met ISO 6872 criteria.

The molecular dynamics method is used to analyze the effect of K2O on crystallization of SiO2-Li2O glass. The dependence of Q(n) (Number of bridging oxygens connected to a silicon atom in the network) on temperature was calculated, which was used to analyze the crystallization behavior of three glasses combined with their XRD results. The relationship between Q(n) and crystalline phases was finally established. When Q(3) > Q(2) and Q(4) is high, LD is the only crystalline phase at both low and high temperature (with a cutoff point of 973 K). When Q(3) > Q(2) and Q(4) is low, LMS is a major crystalline phase and LD is a minor crystalline phase at low temperature, but LD is a major crystalline phase and LMS is a minor crystalline phase at high temperature. When Q(3) approximate to Q(2) and Q(4) is low, LMS is the only crystalline phase at both low and high temperature.

Al2O3 ceramic was added to a CaO-B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 glass system to improve mechanical properties and thermal cycle stability in solid oxide fuel cell composite seals. The performance of glass-based seals with different Al2O3 content was evaluated, including the shear strength and leakage rate of the composite seals. The results showed that HA80 composite seal, with 20 wt% Al2O3, had excellent joint strength and gas tightness. HA80 had the highest shear strength among specimens, reaching 3.83 MPa after heat treatment at 750 degrees C. Gas tightness was greatly improved by using HA80 composite seals, with leakage rates from 0.0007 sccm/cm to 0.0011 sccm/cm corresponding to gas input pressures varying from 13.6 to 68 kPa. The leakage rates remained stable about 0.0022 sccm/cm at the highest gas input pressure (68 kPa) during twenty thermal cycles because of improved interfacial bonding between the composite seals and adjacent components. The 5-cell stack was assembled and achieved an open circuit voltage of 5.78 V and maximum power output of 354 W at 750 degrees C, demonstrating that HA80 composite seal was suitable for SOFC application.

We develop a facile approach to controlled-synthesize Fe3O4@C@MnOx (MnO2, Mn3O4 and MnO) hierarchical hollow nanospheres by using Fe3O4@C hollow nanospheres as the template. By simply adjusting the calcination temperature and time, three kinds of Fe3O4 @C@MnOx (MnO2, Mn3O4 and MnO) hierarchical hollow nanospheres with different phase states of manganese oxides external layer are tailored. In virtue of the synergistic effect of Fe3O4 hollow nanostructures as supporters, the conductive carbon layer and MnOx external layer, the three hollow nanocomposites exhibit excellent lithium storage properties. At 0.1Ag(-1), Fe3O4@C@MnO2, Fe3O4@C@Mn3O4 and Fe3O4@C@MnO hierarchical hollow nanospheres still have specific capacities of 708, 833 and 670mAhg(-1) after 150 cycles, respectively. Even at 0.5Ag(-1), the reversible capacity of the three hollow nanocomposites remains 609, 780 and 523mAhg(-1) after 500 cycles, respectively. Interestingly, Fe3O4@C@Mn3O4 hierarchical hollow nanospheres possess more outstanding Li storage properties than Fe3O4@C@MnO2 and Fe3O4@C@MnO hierarchical hollow nanospheres because the former have more stable Mn 3 0 4 external layer during intensive cycles. The rational design of the phase state for Fe3O4@C@MnOx (MnO2, Mn3O4 and MnO) hierarchical hollow nanospheres can provide a novel synthetic strategy for energy storage nanomaterials with optimized performances. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The novel h-BN/glass compressive seals were investigated for use in solid oxide fuel cell. The glass was mixed with h-BN powders to obtain composite materials using tape casting technique. Leakage rates were measured below 0.012 sccm/cm under input gas pressure of 6.8 kPa. Seals containing 40% by weight glass showed excellent thermal cycle and long-term operation stability. The leakage rates were reduced by more than half after ten thermal cycles under different input gas pressure. Also, the leakage rates gradually decreased to 0.008 sccm/cm under input gas pressure of 20.4 kPa at 750 degrees C during 208 h, and then remained stable. These observations can be explained by liquid B2O3 films having gradually formed on the h-BN surface. Boron oxidation effectively improved bondage for both interface and interior particles. This phenomenon was interpreted by seals' microstructure analyses and transmission electron microscopy. Finally, an evolution model is proposed to explain the process. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

To develop a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic with high translucency, the effects of the single-stage and two-stage heat treatments on the crystalline phases and microstructure of the Li2O-SiO2-Al2O3-K2O-P2O5 glass system were investigated. It was found that the nucleation of the two-stage treatment was more effective than that of the single-stage treatment, resulting in the smaller lithium disilicate crystals (referred as the LD hereafter). Besides, the size of the LD crystals increases with increasing the second heat treatment temperatures, so the second heat treatment temperature should be as lower as possible than the LD crystallization peak temperature on the premise that the LD is the main crystalline phase. Finally, the lithium disilicate glass-ceramic with the crystalline size of about 100 nm was developed, and the real in-line transmission (RIT) value was measured to reach 27.3% at the wavelength of 550 nm (d = 2.0 mm), which is much greater than that of the commercial lithium disilicate glass-ceramics.

The microstructure difference of the Co-Cr alloys fabricated by a cast technique and a SLM (selective laser melting) technique is investigated,and the reasons causing the different microstructures and the effects of the different microstructures on the properties of the Co-Cr alloys are discussed.The Co-Cr alloy powder and bulk with similar compositions are selected to prepare Co-Cr samples using the SLM technique and the cast technique,respectively.The microstructures of the fabricated Co-Cr samples are investigated by SEM and the chemical compositions of featured areas are analyzed by EDX.The microstructure of the Co-Cr alloy fabricated by the SLM technique is uniform without phase separation.However,the phase separation rich in Mo element is found in the Co-Cr alloys fabricated by both the centrifugal cast technique and the vacuum cast technique.The Co-Cr samples fabricated by the SLM technique and the cast technique both contain less pores.In conclusion,the quality of the Co-Cr alloy fabricated by the SLM technique is better than the cast technique.

In this study, a rapid and simple calculation procedure to determine the non-isothermal crystallization kinetic parameters of a glass was proposed based on the work of Matusita et al. The crystal growth index (n) was firstly determined with the equation proposed by Matusita in 1979 and the value of morphology index (m) could be determined according to the relationship between n and m. The activation energy for crystal growth was determined using the modified-Kissinger equation proposed by Matusita in 1980. To verify the validity of this efficient and rapid method, four compositions in the Li2O-SiO2-Al2O3-P2O5 glass system were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The crystallization mechanisms as identified by the characterization show good agreement with those predicted by the new calculation procedure, verifying the validity of the calculation procedure.

An 8 mol. % yttria stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) coating has been prepared on a Cr-containing stainless steel interconnect (SS410) to improve the chemical compatibility of a BaO-B2O3-SiO2 sealing glass with the SS410. Three different methods as, grinding the 8YSZ coating prior to the sealing (fixture A), putting an interlayer glass on the 8YSZ coating prior to the sealing (fixture B), and exerting an external compressive force of similar to 10.28 kPa during the sealing (fixture C), have been used to improve the thermal cycle stability of the sealing glass. The fixture A (using the grinding method) and the fixture B (using the interlayer method) both show poor thermal cycle stability. For the fixture C, the external compressive force is found to help the self-healing of the sealing glass. Due to the good chemical compatibility of the sealing glass with the 8YSZ coating, the sealing glass of the fixture C exhibits super long-term thermal cycle stability. The leak rates of the sealing glass of the fixture C show nearly no increase up to 280 thermal cycles, after which the leak rates increase slowly with the thermal cycles and the leak rate is still less than the Solid Energy Convergence Alliance (SECA) limit at the 626th thermal cycle.

In order to reflect the so-called boron anomaly, three types of B-O structural units, namely, BO3/2, BO4/2- and BO2/2O-, were considered for the BaO-B2O3 glass. Two chemical equilibrium equations were established among the three B-O structural units taking into account the so-called boron anomaly. Based on the chemical equilibrium equations and the conservation of mass equation, the fractions of the three B-O structural units can be calculated for BaO-B2O3 glasses. The required parameters and the contribution values of the three B-O structural units were obtained by fitting the equation with experimental data from the literature. Following this, the contributions of B2O3 to the glass transition temperature (T-g) or thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) are expressed in terms of the weighted average of the T-g or TEC contributions of the three B-O structural units. As a result, new simulation procedures for T-g and TEC based on the contributions of the three B-O structural units were established for BaO-B2O3 glasses. Comparisons were made between the calculation results for T-g/TEC obtained by the new simulation procedures with the experimental results from the available literature. It is shown that the predictions of the new simulation procedures are close to the experimental values.

Chemical compatibility of sealing glass with metal interconnects is a critical issue for planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). In this paper, interface reactions between a sealing glass and a ferritic metal interconnect (SS410) are tested under three different heat treatment conditions: sealing (static), aging (static), and thermal cycling (dynamic). The results show that the BaCrO4 crystals with two different morphology (round-shaped and needle-shaped) form both at the three-phase boundary (where air, glass, and SS410 meet) and on the surface of the sealing glass under the three conditions. Round-shaped BaCrO4 crystals form with low O-2 concentration and short reaction time. Needle-shaped BaCrO4 crystals form with high O-2 concentration and long reaction time. For the thermal cycling condition, the BaCrO4 formed at early stages causes the delamination of the sealing interface. Then, O-2 diffuses into the interior interface along the delamination path, which results in the formation of BaCrO4 at the interior interface. The delaminationenhanced BaCrO4 formation during thermal cycling will lead to crack along the sealing interface, causing the striking increase of leak rates.

The development of leucite based glass-ceramics was reviewed from three aspects of fabrication methods, thermal stability and mechanical properties. Compared with traditional glass crystallization methods, the sintering method, i. e. , the leucite crystals were first synthesized and then were sintered with a low soften temperature glass, was more com- petitive for controlling the size of leucite crystals. Leucite content was influenced by firing temperature and time, which further influenced the thermal expansion coefficient （TEC） of glass-ceramics, so firing temperature and time must be strictly controlled. The leucite crystal diameter in glass-ceramic should be less than 4μm, which can minimize microc- racking in glass-ceramics. The leucite glass-ceramic fabricated by the authors crystallized completely after annealed at 950 % for 60 min and the leucite crystal size of the glass-ceramic was about 1 μm.

A lead-free low melting glass consisting of P2O5,V2O5,B2O3 and ZnO was studied for electronic sealing application.The effects of V2O5 and B2O3 concentrations on the glass softening temperature(Tf),thermal expansion coefficient and thermal stability were investigated.The results showed that Tf decreased with V2O5 concentration increasing,while as the content of B2O3 increased,Tf first increased and then decreased,which appeared boron abnormal phenomenon.When the glass contained 8%(mol) V2O5 and 15%(mol) B2O3,Tf,thermal expansion coefficient and thermal stability could meet the requirements,but the chemical stability of the glass was poor.But addition of small amounts of Al2O3 and Fe2O3 could greatly improve the chemical stability.Consequently,a glass with molar percentage composition of 26.0P2O5-17.3V2O5-7.7B2O3-45.0ZnO-2.0Al2O3-2.0Fe2O3 with a low transition temperature of 340℃,a thermal expansion coefficient of 7.5×10-6 ℃-1(25～300℃),and a weight loss of 0.63 mg/cm2 after immersing in 90℃ water for 10 h,was successfully prepared for electronic sealing applications.Its properties were comparable with those of traditional low melting sealing glasses.

Thermal cycle stability is very important for glass seals in planar solid oxide fuel cell (pSOFC) applications. In the present study, thermal cycle stability of a thermally stable sealing glass is investigated using a sealing fixture from 150°C to 700°C. SS410 alloy with the TEC (thermal expansion coefficient) of 12.2×10−6K−1 (room temperature to 700°C) is used to evaluate the effect of TEC mismatch on the thermal cycle stability. The leak rates increase with thermal cycles and appear to be two different stages. Microstructure examinations are performed to investigate the degradation mechanism of the thermal cycle stability. It is found that the sealing glass interacts chemically with the SS410 alloy and the formation of BaCrO4 new phase results in the rapid increase of the leak rates.

The purpose of the present paper is to study the influence of glass composition on the thermal stability in the SiO2–B2O3–BaO system, and three glasses were consequently investigated. Although Glass A has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) that shows the best match with those of anode and electrolyte materials of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), the thermal stability of Glass A is quite poor, where after being heat treated at 800°C for only 8h, the CTE of the glass increased more than 24%. The change of the CTE value was mainly attributed to the fast crystallization that formed high CTE value phases such as BaB2O4 and Ba2Si3O8. In order to improve the thermal stability, BaO in Glass A was replaced by B2O3 (Glass B) and SiO2 (Glass C). It was found that the decrease in the BaO content improved the thermal stability of the resultant glasses. Glass B showed less than 8% change of the CTE during annealing time at 800°C, while Glass C exhibited superior long-term thermal stability, where the change of the CTE was within the equipment detection limit after being heat treated for 300h at 800°C. The good thermal stability of Glass C was believed to be due to the formation of a more compact glass network after the substitution as compared with that of Glass A. The good thermal stability makes Glass C attractive to be used as the sealing material for SOFC applications.

A sealing glass, based on the SiO2-B2O3-BaO-La2O3-ZrO2-Y2O3 system, was developed for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (ITSOFCS). The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the glass is 9.8 x 10(-6)/K (RT similar to 631 degrees C), very close to that of 8YSZ electrolyte. The glass shows a very good thermal stability, even after heat-treatment at 700 degrees C for 300h, little change in CTE detected. The investigations also reveal that the glass is chemically compatible with 8YSZ electrolyte and no obvious interfacial reaction can be observed after the glass contacting with 8YSZ at 700 degrees C for 300h.