Efficient local implementation of a nonlocal M-control and N-target controlled unitary gate is considered. We first show that with the assistance of two non-symmetric qubit(1)-qutrit(N) Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, a nonlocal 2-control and N-target controlled unitary gate can be constructed from 2 local two-qubit CNOT gates, 2N local two-qutrit conditional SWAP gates, N local qutrit-qubit controlled unitary gates, and 2N single-qutrit gates. At each target node, the two third levels of the two GHZ target qutrits are used to expose one and only one initial computational state to the local qutrit-qubit controlled unitary gate, instead of being used to hide certain states from the conditional dynamics. This scheme can be generalized straightforwardly to implement a higher-order nonlocal M-control and N-target controlled unitary gate by using M non-symmetric qubit(1)-qutrit(N) GHZ states as quantum channels. Neither the number of the additional levels of each GHZ target particle nor that of single-qutrit gates needs to increase with M. For certain realistic physical systems, the total gate time may be reduced compared with that required in previous schemes.

We show how a nonlocal N-qubit controlled unitary gate can be implemented locally and effectively by using non-symmetric quantum channels. We construct respectively two quantum networks for realizing conclusively this nonlocal quantum gate. The first one hires (N-2) symmetric qubit-qubit Bell states and a non-symmetric qubit-qudit Bell state as quantum channels. The basic idea of this scheme is to use (N-2) additional levels of this qudit to "hide" certain computational states of (N-1) nonlocal control states from the conditional dynamics, which results in an effective nonlocal N-qubit controlled unitary gate design. In this scheme, however, either the number of the additional levels or that of 1-qudit gates needs to increase with N. The other one can improve significantly the local implementation of this nonlocal gate if we harness (N-1) non-symmetric qubit-qutrit Bell states as quantum channels. This scheme uses respectively (N-1) qutrits's additional levels to expose one and only one initial computational state of (N-1) nonlocal control states to the conditional dynamics. In comparison with the first one, the procedure is greatly simplified, and the total gate time is reduced. The fact that the quantum network that does the proposed implementation is built entirely of local single-body and two-body gates, and has only (3N-4) two-body gates is notable.

Local implementation of a nonlocal d -dimensional quantum Toffoli gate is considered. We construct respectively two quantum networks for realizing this nonlocal quantum gate conclusively. The first one is based on Eisert’s insight but follow a different pathway which results in a nonlocal d -dimensional Toffoli gate design. This scheme involves a local d -dimensional three-body interaction, which does not appear naturally in physical system. The other one can improve significantly the local implementation of this nonlocal gate if the target node harnesses a qutrit as a catalyser. In its simplest form this quantum network that does the improved scheme is built entirely of local single-body and two-body elementary gates, and with only 3 two-body elementary gates at the target node. The latter is simpler but conclusive, and more efficient but with less resource, which will make it more feasible with the current experimental technology and more suitable for large-scale quantum network.

利用二维远程幺正旋转,Alice和Cindy远程协助Bob将他未知的d维初始量子态精确地转换为目标态.方案中,Alice和Cindy分别根据她们已知的初态和目标态的概率幅和相因子联合设计一理想的正定算符值测量(POVM),它作用于Bob的(2d-1)维直和空间.可用2(d-1)个二维远程幺正旋转实现该远程POVM.值得注意的是,仅需2(d-1)个二维Bell态(ebit)和3(d-1)个二维经典通信(cbit)就可精确地实现该远程态映射.给出了方案的成功概率.该方案可推广到初态和目标态的相因子信息分别被网络中N个不同端点的操控者共同掌握的情形.方案的简单性、精确性以及资源的有效利用等特点,使得其在目前的实验条件下更具可行性和更加适用于大规模量子网络.

We present a scheme for implementing locally a nonlocal N-target controlled–controlled gate with unit probability of success by harnessing two（N+1）-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger（GHZ） states as quantum channel and N qutrits as catalyser. The quantum network that implements this nonlocal（N+2）-body gate is built entirely of local single-body and two-body gates, and has only（3N+2） two-body gates. This result suggests that both the computational depth of quantum network and the quantum resources required to perform this nonlocal gate might be significantly reduced. This scheme can be generalized straightforwardly to implement a nonlocal N-target and M-control qubits gate.

Alice and Bob are two remote parties. We propose a probabilistic method which allows Alice to map remotely and conclusively Bob's set of nonorthogonal symmetric d-level quantum states onto another. The procedure we use is a remote positive operator valued measurement (POVM) in Bob's (2d-1)-level direct sum space. We construct a quantum network for implementing this (2d-1)-level remote nonunitary POVM with (d-1) two-level remote unitary rotations. The fact that the two-level remote rotation, which is hired to rotate remotely a basis vector, can been implementing rapidly using only one ebit (a two-level Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair) and one cbit (classical communication) is notable. This scheme is simpler but with less resource, which will make it more feasible and suitable for large-scale quantum network.

Control strategy is researched for cascaded medium high static synchronous compensator to provide synthetic compensation ability of reactive power, harmonics and asymmetric currents. Basing on selective harmonic compensation strategy, a reference current detection method utilizing the combination of synchronous reference frame transformation and discrete Fourier transformation is proposed. The tracking control of instruction current is implemented by multi-carrier pulse width modulation (PWM). In allusion to the multi-carrier PWM, the capacitor voltage balancing control at the dc side is realized by a type of software based on the energy balance principle of the inverter bridge. The proposed control strategy is convenient for engineering implementation given its low calculation burden and simplicity. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is proven by both simulation and experimental results.

We show how a remote positive operator valued measurement (POVM) can be implemented deterministically by using partially entangled state(s). Firstly, we present a theoretical scheme for implementing deterministically a remote and controlled POVM onto any one of N qubits via a partially entangled ( N + 1)-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state, in which ( N − 1) administrators are included. Then, we design another scheme for implementing deterministically a POVM onto N remote qubits via N partially entangled qubit pairs. Our schemes have been designed for obtaining the optimal success probabilities: i.e. they are identical to those in the ordinary, local, POVMs. In these schemes, the POVM dictates the amount of entanglement needed. The fact that such overall treatment can save quantum resources is notable.

We propose a scheme for Alice to change remotely and conclusively the overlap between Bob's two nonorthogonal qubit states with a finite probability of success. The remote nonunitary evolution of Bob's primary system could be generated by performing a proper nonlocal unitary transformation on Bob's primary system and Alice's auxiliary system, followed by a local von Neumann projective measurement on Alice's ancilla. The various desired inner product modifications between Bob's primary states can be efficiently and fully controlled by Alice's auxiliary states. We build a quantum network for implementing rapidly the remote nonunitary transformation, and thus provide a feasible physical means to realize the remote and controllable inner product modification. This scheme is feasible for current experimental technology.

We show how a shared and programmable maximum-confidence discrimination (SPMCD) can be implemented by two remote parters Alice and Bob. Here Bob is given a qubit prepared in one of N linearly dependent symmetric equiprobable states. Alice has the knowledge of Bob’s signal states, but Bob has not. We build a quantum network that would be able to perform various desired maximum-confidence discrimination among Bob’s measured (data) states depending on Alice’s auxiliary (program) state. The SPMCD can be thought of as a two-step process, in which a two-outcome shared and programmable probability operator measure (POM) performed on data qubit B is firstly implemented by Alice and Bob followed by a N-outcome local POM on B implemented by Bob. We explicitly construct the required POMs. The fact that the nonlocal data-program conditional evolution, which induces the shared and programmable POM, can be realized deterministically using only two partially entangled qubit pairs is notable. The successful probability of implementing this SPMCD is optimal only for one program setting. However, for a relatively large set of program settings it can be very close to the optimal value in an ordinary, local, maximum-confidence discrimination. This protocol is feasible for current experimental technology.

We show how a many-to-one and a one-to-many controlled remote quantum rotations (CRQRs) can be implemented deterministically and exactly by using partially entangled quantum channels. Firstly, we present a theoretical scheme for a N -to-1 CRQR, in which the quantum rotations initially distributed in N spatially separated qubits can be exactly and deterministically performed onto a remote single qubit via two partially entangled ( N + M +1)-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states without performing any global operations. The feature of this scheme is that, apart from N senders and a receiver, M agents are included in the process as controllers. Should any one of the M agents not cooperate, the receiver could not gain the original rotations. Then, we design another scheme for implementing a 1-to- N CRIC with unit fidelity and unit probability by employing a partially entangled (2 M + N +1)-qubit Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR)-GHZ state or K partially entangled ( M +2)-qubit GHZ states, in which a quantum rotation can be divided into N pieces ( N K ) and performed from a sender onto N distant receivers via the control of M agents in a quantum network. In these schemes, the senders (or the receivers, or the controllers) local positive operator valued measurement (POVM) lies at the heart. We construct the required POVMs. The fact that deterministic and exact implementation of a many-to-one or a one-to-many CRQR could be realized using partially entangled quantum channel is notable. These schemes can be used to quantum secret sharing, quantum voting, and so on. They definitely have the strong security.

Pure and Nb-doped Pb(Zr1-xTix)O-3 (x = 0.47, 0.48, 0.50) ceramics were prepared by conventional solid-state reaction technique. Dielectric anomalies are observed in both kinds of samples near room temperature. The anomalies could be depressed by donor doping and prefer to be significant in ceramics with tetragonal crystallographic phase. Phase transition mechanism and domain wall pinning effect are proposed to explain this anomaly, and the former is considered as the dominated reason. Further results of the pyroelectric measurements confirm the existence of the ferroelectric ferroelectric phase transition. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The full length of vasa cDNA in blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus was cloned and sequenced using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the cDNA contained 2,143 bp and was consisted of a 48-bp 5' untranslated terminal region (5'-UTR), a 157-bp 3' untranslated terminal region (3'-UTR) and a 1,938-bp open reading frame (ORF) which encoded 645 amino acids. Homological protein analysis showed that vasa in O. aureus was highly conserved with Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Tissue distribution expression analysis indicated that vasa was specifically expressed in the gonads. Using in situ hybridization, we found that vasa was expressed in spermatogonia and spermatocytes rather than spermatids and sperm. In order to examine the influence of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog (LHRH-A) on vasa, the in vivo injections were performed different concentrations of LHRH-A. Our results showed that LHRH-A induced meiosis and down-regulated vasa mRNA expression. In summary, our results showed that vasa was specifically expressed in gonads and LHRH-A inhibited vasa expression in the testis. Our results also suggested that LHRH-A could regulate vasa gene expression in O. aureus testis.

Based on nonlocal two-level controlled-rotation gates, the maximum-confident discrimination among N linearly dependent symmetric d-level quantum states implemented by two remote parters could be realized (N>d). We present a scheme for such kind of nonlocal maximum-confident quantum state discrimination. In this scheme, the sequential nonlocal positive operator valued measurements (POVMs) lies at the heart. We construct the required optimal POVMs, in which each POVM has only two remote detection operators. We also report on the quantitative relations between the success probability of discrimination, entanglement and classical communication resources required in the implementation. The fact that the two-outcome nonlocal 2m×2m POVM could be realized using only (m-1) two-level maximally entangled pairs is notable. This scheme is feasible for current experimental technology.

We present a scheme for implementing a remote minimum-error discrimination (MD) among N linearly independent nonorthogonal symmetric qudit states. The probability of correct guesses is in agreement with the optimal probability for local MD among the N nonorthogonal states. The procedure we use is a remote probability operator measure (POM). We show that this remote POM can be performed as a remote von Neumann measurement by remote basis transformation. We construct a quantum network for realizing the remote MD using local operations, classical communications and shared entanglement (LOCCSE), and thus provide a feasible physical means to realize the remote MD.

We give a scheme for locally implementing an inner product modification onto remote qubit product states using partially entangled states, which is designed for obtaining conclusive result with optimal success probability. We exemplify this remote inner product modification (RIPM) by applying it to two-qubit product states via three partially entangled qubit pairs and, additionally, we construct a quantum network to implement this RIPM. It is interesting that our treatment can save entanglement resources.

Dielectric properties of Pb0.99375(Zr0.52Ti0.48)0.9875Nb0.0125O3 (PZTN) ceramics were measured during heating and cooling processes before and after poling. A dielectric anomaly from 220K to 290K was only observed in poled PZTN samples. The frequency dependence of the ε′′ peaks was fitted using the Vogel–Fulcher law, which indicated that this dielectric anomaly could be associated with the poling induced monoclinic distortion. Meanwhile, the existence of the low-temperature transformation involving rotations of the octahedra was confirmed by the broadening peaks in ε′′–T curves and the variation of slopes in ε′–T curves in both unpoled and poled samples.

We discuss how a shared minimum-error discrimination (SMD) may be implemented by two remote partners Alice and Bob. Here Bob is given a qubit prepared in one of three linearly dependent mirror-symmetric states with a priori probability. Alice has the knowledge of Bob's signal states, but Bob has not. We show that the shared generalized measurement could be realized by Alice performing a suitable unitary evolution from acting on her system to acting on Bob's system, and remotely rotating the optimal measurement directions to coincide with Bob's basis vectors. In this case, Bob could perform a local orthogonal measurement to determine his signal states with the smallest possible error and without inconclusive answers. A quantum network, which is realizable with current technology, is suggested to implement this SMD.

In order to achieve length measure for busbar on the bending machine,a photoelectric encoder lengthening system based on single-chip was designed.A high-speed and low power consumption single-chip was used to do phase discrimination and fourfold frequency for the A and B signals which were exported by the encoder,then AT89S52 single-chip's T2 counter was used to count.The Z signal of encoder was used for zero point correction.The count result and motor status were all displayed through OCM12864 liquid crystal.The test run results show that the system's hardware circuitry is simple,and the cost is low,the positioning accuracy is high,and the response speed is fast.It can be suitable for length detection in many occasions.

We give a strategy for nonlocal unambiguous discrimination (UD) among N linearly independent nonorthogonal qudit states lying in a higher-dimensional Hilbert space. The procedure we use is a nonlocal positive operator valued measurement (POVM) in a direct sum space. This scheme is designed for obtaining the conclusive nonlocal measurement results with a finite probability of success. We construct a quantum network for realizing the nonlocal UD with a set of two-level remote rotations, and thus provide a feasible physical means to realize the nonlocal UD.