The development of a multifunctional therapy nanoplatform is of crucial importance to tackle the complex challenges associated with cancer. Despite significant advancements in tumor treatment, the efficacy of these traditional approaches remains insufficient. Recurrence and metastasis following tumor treatment continue to represent a significant contributor to tumor-related mortality. This paper presents an improved, facile, and relatively green fabrication of (5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio) acetic acid (TMT)-coated luminescent gold nanoparticles (L-AuNP@TMT), which exhibit highly membrane-targeting capacity and superior photodynamic properties. Furthermore, in vivo tumor-bearing mouse model experiments indicated that the L-AuNP@TMT could be used as a two-photon excited nanomedicine via pyroptosis-mediated anti-tumor immunity for effectively eliminating colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common malignancy and the second deadliest cancer, without evident toxic side effects or tumor metastasis/recurrence. According to its facile and green fabrication approach, near-infrared light-activatable highly efficient photodynamic cancer therapy, and noninvasive imaging mode, this multifunctional nanoplatform offers significant advantages over traditional monotherapy techniques, providing an alternative for the precise clinical treatment of cancer.

A pivotal approach in engineering artificial peripheral nerve sheaths encompasses the augmentation of the regenerative microenvironment via the manipulation of Schwann cells (SCs). Our investigation employed single-cell sequencing analysis to elucidate the potential functions of Schwann cells and the Wnt pathway in facilitating peripheral nerve regeneration. In vitro studies showed that activating the Wnt signaling pathway promotes the transition to repair SCs, boosting their growth, movement, and immune functions. To better understand the peripheral nerve regeneration environment, we created a polymer scaffold using ammonization and electrospinning. The Wnt3a protein was incorporated into the polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun fiber surface. In a rat sciatic nerve defect model, the Wnt3a-modified scaffold showed better nerve repair outcomes than traditional electrospun scaffolds. After a week, the test group showed better immune regulation and angiogenesis, with a significant increase in axon growth rate observed after 3 weeks. Three-month-long animal experiments revealed notable improvements in neuroelectrophysiology, reduced organ atrophy, and enhanced sciatic nerve recovery. In this nerve defect model, Wnt3a-modified neural scaffolds achieved repair effects.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential in various pathological and physiological processes. Developing nanosystems that generate ROS in a controlled manner is of great interest for nanomedicine. DNA nanotechnology offers a promising approach to constructing programmable ROS-generating platforms. By incorporating photosensitizers or metal ions, DNA nanostructures can be designed to produce ROS in a spatially and temporally desired fashion. DNA-based ROS-generating nanosystems hold great potential in intracellular homeostasis regulation, drug release, and cancer therapy. This review summarizes recent advances in developing DNA-based ROS-generating nanosystems, highlights their emerging biomedical applications, and discusses the opportunities and challenges for further applications. DNA nanotechnology provides a versatile toolkit to construct biocompatible ROS-generating platforms for next-generation nanomedicines.

The sparsity of data and the accuracy of similarity calculation have always been the focus of collaborative filtering algorithms. To address this issue, a collaborative filtering algorithm PWAR-CF (The combination of probability weighted association rules in collaborative filtering) which combines probability weighted association rules is proposed. The algorithm employs probability-based weighted association rules to extract the potential correlation among users, and obtains the weighted confidence between users. According to the weighted confidence, the predictive score matrix is used to fill the original score matrix to alleviate the problem of sparse data. The weighted confidence is fused with the Person correlation coefficient, and enhanced similarity formula is utilized to compute the updated similarity between users. Finally, according to the prediction scoring formula, recommendations are generated for users. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) indexes are used on MovieLens data sets to prove that the proposed algorithm effectively alleviates the problems of data sparsity and similarity calculation accuracy, and has better recommendation quality than traditional algorithms.

In this paper, a stochastic nutrient–plankton model with regime switching is proposed, where the regime switching plankton mortality is described by a continuous time Markov chain with different states. We study the effects of regime switching plankton mortality on the distribution of plankton biomass as well as the persistence and extinction of plankton populations. Moreover, we show that there exists a unique stationary distribution in the model, which is ergodic, indicating that the plankton populations will survive forever. By applying a sophisticated sensitivity analysis technique, we found that the phytoplankton biomass is highly sensitive to the grazing rate by zooplankton and least sensitive to the re-mineralization of dead biomass of plankton into nutrients concentration. The numerical results show that the persistence and extinction of plankton populations is sensitive to variations of nutrient input. We find that the noise can enhance the oscillations of plankton biomass and the regime switching plankton mortality has capacity to decrease the amplitudes of the oscillations in the bloom phase. Our findings emphasize that the regime switching plankton mortality contributes to the survival of plankton populations in the aquatic system.

In this paper, we investigate a stochastic nutrient-plankton model with impulsive control of the nutrient concentration and zooplankton population. Analytically, we find that the population size is nonnegative for a sufficiently long time. We derive some sufficient conditions for the existence of stable periodic oscillations, which indicate that the plankton populations will behave periodically. The numerical results show that the plankton system experiences a transition from extinction to the coexistence of species due to the emergence of impulsive control. Additionally, we observe that the nutrient pulse has a stronger relationship with phytoplankton growth than the zooplankton pulse. Although the frequency of impulsive control and appropriate environmental fluctuations can promote the coexistence of plankton populations, an excessive intensity of noise can result in the collapse of the entire ecosystem. Our findings may provide some insights into the relationships among nutrients, phytoplankton and zooplankton in a stochastic environment.

In this paper, we investigate a reaction-diffusion model incorporating dynamic variables for nutrient, phytoplankton, and zooplankton. Moreover, we account for the impact of time delay in the growth of phytoplankton following nutrient uptake. Our theoretical analysis reveals that the time delay can trigger the emergence of persistent oscillations in the model via a Hopf bifurcation. We also analytically track the direction of Hopf bifurcation and the stability of the bifurcating periodic solutions. Our simulation results demonstrate stability switches occurring for the positive equilibrium with an increasing time lag. Furthermore, the model exhibits homogeneous periodic-2 and 3 solutions, as well as chaotic behaviour. These findings highlight that the presence of time delay in the phytoplankton growth can bring forth dynamical complexity to the nutrient-plankton system of aquatic habitats.

Background: Radiodynamic therapy (RDT) is an emerging novel anti-cancer treatment based on the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the lesion site following the interaction between low-dose X-ray and a photosensitizer (PS) drug. For a classical RDT, scintillator nanomaterials loaded with traditional PSs are generally involved to generate singlet oxygen (1O2). However, this scintillator-mediated strategy generally suffers from insufficient energy transfer efficiency and the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, and finally severely impedes the efficacy of RDT. Methods: Gold nanoclusters were irradiated by low dose of X-ray (called RDT) to investigate the production of ROS, killing efficiency of cell level and living body level, antitumor immune mechanism and biosafety. Results: A novel dihydrolipoic acid coated gold nanoclusters (AuNC@DHLA) RDT, without additional scintillator or photosensitizer assisted, has been developed. In contrast to scintillator-mediated strategy, AuNC@DHLA can directly absorb the X-ray and exhibit excellent radiodynamic performance. More importantly, the radiodynamic mechanism of AuNC@DHLA involves electron-transfer mode resulting in O2-• and HO•, and excess ROS has been generated even under hypoxic conditions. Highly efficient in vivo treatment of solid tumors had been achieved via only single drug administration and low-dose X-ray radiation. Interestingly, enhanced antitumor immune response was involved, which could be effective against tumor recurrence or metastasis. Negligible systemic toxicity was also observed as a consequence of the ultra-small size of AuNC@DHLA and rapid clearance from body after effective treatment. Conclusions: Highly efficient in vivo treatment of solid tumors had been achieved, enhanced antitumor immune response and negligible systemic toxicity were observed. Our developed strategy will further promote the cancer therapeutic efficiency under low dose X-ray radiation and hypoxic conditions, and bring hope for clinical cancer treatment.

Predict intraocular lens position after cataract surgery using the IOL Master 700 and explore the associated ocular parameters compared with the results obtained from the anterior segment analysis system (Sirius, CSO Inc, Florence, Italy). A total of 98 patients (106 eyes) were included in the retrospective study. The postoperative intraocular lens position was obtained using the IOL Master 700 and measured using Adobe Illustrator software. Correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were applied to study the correlation between the actual position of the postoperative intraocular lens (ALP) and the ocular parameters. In addition, Bland–Altman consistency analysis was used to compare the consistency between any two among the predicted intraocular lens position (ALPi) obtained using IOL Master 700 biometry, the predicted artificial lens position (ALPs) calculated using the anterior segment analysis system, or the ALP. Ocular parameters, including preoperative anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, axial length, white-to-white, and postoperative refractive error were all correlated with ALP after cataract surgery (P < 0.05) using univariate analysis. However, in multivariate linear regression, only the first three variables were correlated with ALP. Compared with the equation obtained by the anterior segment analysis, the equation from IOL Master 700 biometry provided a better fit. The results of the consistency analysis showed that ALP, ALPi, and ALPs were in good agreement. IOL Master 700 biometry can help predict intraocular lens position after surgery, and its accuracy is better than that provided by the anterior segment analysis system.

Abstract Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on the finite volume method (FVM) is used to simulate the three-dimensional viscous flow in a torque converter. The simulation result is in good coincidence with the test value and is analyzed theoretically. First, rotor enthalpy is applied to evaluate the hydraulic performance of the torque converter. It is effective to locate and classify hydraulic losses according to the drop in rotor enthalpy. Then, the mechanisms of the jet-wake and secondary flow are analyzed. There is strong coupling between the jet-wake and the secondary flow. The jet-wake flow begins with low-speed flow at the suction-core corner, which is transported to the suction side of the pump blade by the secondary flow. Finally, a prediction model of mainstream vorticity charging with pitch-wise and span-wise components is deduced from the momentum equation. The prediction model reveals that there is a positive mainstream vorticity in the first half of the pump flow channel and a negative value in the second half, which is consistent with the CFD result.

Background:During the COVID-19 pandemic, public transport was restricted in many countries because of the transmission risk. According to the risk compensation theory, travellers post-COVID-19 vaccination may encounter higher risks; however, no real-world studies provide such evidence. Therefore, we conducted a survey to assess whether risk compensation would occur among travellers' health-related behaviours after COVID-19 vaccination, potentially aggravating the transmission of the virus.Materials and Methods:A self-administered online survey was designed and distributed over WeChat to identify the difference in health behaviours before and after COVID-19 vaccination among travellers at a train station in Taizhou, China, from 13 February to 26 April 2022.Results:A total of 602 individuals completed the questionnaire. The results revealed no statistical difference between the health behaviours reported by the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Participants who received the first dose of the vaccine earlier showed no statistical difference in harmful health behaviours (hand washing frequency decreased by 4.1% (P=0.145) and the duration of public transport travel increased by 3.4% (P=0.437)), but showed better protective health behaviours (mask-wearing duration increased by 24.7% (P=0.014)). Compared to those vaccinated less than three times, participants vaccinated against COVID-19 three times showed no statistical differences in harmful health behaviours mask-wearing duration decreased by 7.0% (P=0.927), their hand washing frequency decreased by 4.8% (P=0.905), and the duration of public transport travel increased by 2.5% (P=0.287). After vaccination, when compared to themselves before vaccination, participants exhibited better health behaviours (increased hand washing frequency and mask-wearing duration, and decreased duration of public transport travel) to some extent.Conclusion:In conclusion, this study found no evidence of risk compensation among travellers. After being vaccinated, health behaviours partly improved among travellers.

The application of gas engine driven heat pump (GHP) system can improve the peak valley difference of power and gas system and promote the low-carbon utilization of energy system. The energy consumption of GHP system in different types of buildings and especially the coefficient of performance (COP) under partial load rate needs more analysis. In this paper, according to the local meteorological parameters in Shanghai, the COP operation curve of GHP and electric driven heat pump (EHP) units under partial load rate was analyzed. Combined with the load calculation, the annual energy consumption of GHP and EHP units in different types of buildings, and the influence of energy price on economy of GHP system were analyzed. For office buildings and catering buildings, the energy consumption and operating costs of GHP system were slightly lower than those of EHP system, while for hotel buildings, the annual operating costs of GHP were lower than those of EHP only when the winter gas price was 2.39 yuan/m3 and the summer gas price was 2.19 yuan/m3. Therefore, in order to promote the market competitiveness of gas air conditioning, it is necessary to further refine the gas price or charge standard.

In this paper, a stochastic nutrient–plankton model with seasonal fluctuation was developed to investigate how seasonality and environmental noise affect the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems. First, the survival analysis of plankton was proposed. Then, by using Lyapunov function and Khasminskii’s theory for periodic Markov processes, we derive the sufficient conditions for the existence of positive periodic solution. The numerical simulations were carried out to provide a better understanding of the model, and the results indicate that seasonal fluctuation is beneficial to the coexistence of plankton species.

This paper presents an ultra-wideband spectrum monitoring system using a software defined radio platform. The system has been developed by using an Ettus X310 universal software radio peripheral (USRP) for data acquisition and a laptop for displaying the graphical user interface. The system can operate in two modes with two different daughter boards installed. One of the operation modes allows simultaneously monitoring up to two different channels, each with a maximum sampling bandwidth of 200 MHz, or simultaneously monitoring up to four different channels, each with a maximum sampling bandwidth of 100 MHz. The other operation mode allows monitoring a single channel with a maximum sampling bandwidth exceeding 300 MHz. Furthermore, unlike the widely adopted GNU Radio software, the proposed system software is friendly to the Microsoft Windows operating system.

In order to avoid the problem of unsatisfactory anti-jamming effect when the interference feature extraction of traditional anti-jamming algorithm is inaccurate, this paper takes BPSK spread spectrum signal as the research object, and proposes an anti-jamming algorithm for BPSK spread spectrum signal based on generative adversarial network. The algorithm firstly despreads the spread spectrum signal, and then images the despread signal, and uses the known disturbed despread signal set and undisturbed signal set for network training. The mapping relationship between the disturbed despread signal image and the undisturbed despread signal image is constructed by generative adversarial network, so as to achieve the purpose of interference suppression. Experiments show that the signal anti-jamming algorithm based on generative adversarial network proposed in this paper has better interference suppression ability than the frequency-domain notch anti-jamming algorithm under multi-tone interference and narrow-band noise interference.

PurposeAs a new human resource management practice, idiosyncratic deals are personalized employment arrangements negotiated between employees and employers and intended to benefit them both. It plays an important role in attracting, retaining and motivating employees to promote breakthrough innovation. Based on the input-process-output (I-P-O) model, this paper examines the relationship between team idiosyncratic deals and team breakthrough innovation, the mediating role of team exploratory-exploitative knowledge sharing, and the moderating roles of team transactive memory systems and team cognitive flexibility.Participants and methodsIn order to reduce the effects of common method biases and causal lag effect, this study is divided into three stages for data collection, with a time interval of 1 month. Eighty teams (406 employees) from six enterprises in Shanghai and Hangzhou were selected as samples, and the hypothesis test was carried out by hierarchical regression analysis, bootstrap, and Johnson-Neyman method.ResultsThe results show that higher team idiosyncratic deals are associated with higher team breakthrough innovation through higher team exploratory-exploitative knowledge sharing, and that team transactive memory systems and team cognitive flexibility positively moderate the mediating effect of team exploratory-exploitative knowledge sharing in the relationship between team idiosyncratic deals and team breakthrough innovation in the first stage and the second stage, respectively. Under the joint effect of high team transactive memory systems and high team cognitive flexibility, the mediating effect of team exploratory-exploitative knowledge sharing is stronger.ConclusionThe research results break through the previous research framework of social exchange theory, and I-P-O model to explore the influence mechanism of team idiosyncratic deals, in order to promote the sustainable growth of team breakthrough innovation through this non-standard work arrangement. It is hoped that this research can inspire modern enterprises to create team idiosyncratic deals for valuable teams engaged in breakthrough innovation, which are more conducive to give full play to their heterogeneous talents, and finally help enterprises break through the industry bottleneck and win the market competition.

To explore the associated ocular parameters with lenticular myopia and assess the correlation between lens density and myopic shift. This retrospective cross-sectional study enrolled 50 patients with lenticular high myopia as the study group and 85 cases as the validation group. Lens density was obtained through swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT, IOLMaster 700) and measured by Image J software. Linear regression analysis and correlation analysis were applied to study the association between lenticular myopia and ocular variables. Receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration charts were plotted for nuclear density (ND) in identifying lenticular high myopia. Both ND and lens thickness were discovered to be associated with spherical equivalent refraction and lens power (p < 0.05); yet, only ND was significantly correlated with lenticular myopia, as the difference of nuclear density (NDdiff) between the lenticular myopic eye and the fellow eye was significantly correlated with the interocular difference of spherical equivalent refraction (SERdiff, r =  − 0.752, p < 0.001) and the interocular difference of lens power (LPdiff, r = 0.834, p < 0.001). The ND is a good metric for diagnosing lenticular high myopia, with the area under curve (AUC) being 0.898 (0.821–0.949) and the cut-off value being 98.88 pixel units. The accuracy of the cut-off value in the validation group was 82.35%. Average ND quantified by IOLMaster 700 is not only associated with lenticular myopia but is a suitable metric for predicting the amount of myopic shift.

Nanotechnology has been actively integrated as drug carriers over the last few years to treat various cancers. The main hurdle in the clinical management of cancer is the development of multidrug resistance against chemotherapeutic agents. To overcome the limitations of chemotherapy, the researchers have been developing technological advances for significant progress in the oncotherapy by enabling the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents at increased drug content levels to the targeted spots. Several nano-drug delivery systems designed for tumor-targeting are evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials and showed promising outcomes in cancerous tumors' clinical management. This review describes nanocarrier's importance in managing different types of cancers and emphasizing nanocarriers for drug delivery and cancer nanotherapeutics. It also highlights the recent advances in nanocarriers-based delivery systems, including polymeric nanocarriers, micelles, nanotubes, dendrimers, magnetic nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and quantum dots (QDs). The nanocarrier-based composites are discussed in terms of their structure, characteristics, and therapeutic applications in oncology. To conclude, the challenges and future exploration opportunities of nanocarriers in chemotherapeutics are also presented.

Social financing scale is an important indicator reflecting financial services to the real economy. This paper uses the VAR model to explore the dynamic relationship between the ranks of listed companies and the scale of social financing. The empirical results show that: There is a long-term equilibrium relationship between the number of listed companies and the scale of social financing, which can boost the expansion of the scale of social financing, but the expansion of the ranks of listed companies has no obvious effect on the immediate boost of the scale of social financing. The “increase in the number” of listed companies in China may imply “low quality”. The number of listed companies has a delayed effect on the scale of social financing. In the long run, the expansion of the ranks of listed companies does.

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to measure the comprehensive efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of science and technology business incubators in 11 provinces and cities of the Yangtze River economic belt from 2011 to 2017, and the situation of incubators in the Yangtze River economic belt was analyzed from the overall, horizontal and vertical perspectives. Results show that the overall operation efficiency of science and technology business incubators in the Yangtze River economic belt is relatively high, but it shows a downward trend in the sample period, and it is found that the development of science and technology business incubators in the Yangtze River economic belt is unbalanced, there are regional differences, and some provinces and cities have serious redundancy of incubator personnel and incubation funds. On this basis, some suggestions are put forward, such as reducing the number of managers and tutors, adjusting the dominant position of government investment in science and technology business incubators, and creating resource input sharing enterprise output circulation chain.