ABSTRACT Granular bed filtration is a promising technology for removing dust from high‐temperature coal pyrolysis gas. In this work, the reactivity of coal pyrolysis products over ceramsite, char, ultrastable Y‐type (USY) zeolite, and quartz particles was compared. Based on laboratory results, a moving granular bed filter was designed and integrated into a 10 t·day −1 pilot‐scale coal pyrolysis facility to evaluate filtration performance and product changes. This work quantitatively decouples the physical dust‐removal effect from the catalytic secondary‐cracking effects of different filtration media at the pilot scale, establishing a baseline for isolating chemical effects and offering a practical criterion for media selection. Filtration reduced tar yield while increasing gas yield, with media‐specific effects. Ceramsite exhibited limited cracking activity, preserving tar yield at 91.56% of that with quartz, while enriching phenolics and aromatics, and boosting CH₄ and H 2 yields. In contrast, char and USY zeolite demonstrated strong cracking activity, reducing tar yields to 82.96% and 62.37% of quartz levels, respectively, with decreased phenolics and oxygenates, and significantly increased yields of CH₄, H 2 , CO 2 , and CO. Pilot‐scale tests using ceramsite achieved a collection efficiency of 97% and an average pressure drop of approximately 500 Pa. After filtration, tar yield decreased from 5.20% to 4.20%, whereas gas yield rose from 9.24% to 9.94%. Tar composition shifted toward aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and away from monocyclic aromatics, with no significant change in gas composition. These findings provide critical insights for optimizing granular bed filtration in coal pyrolysis processes.

Aroma and precision fermentation converge in exciting ways, enabling the precise production of aromatic compounds. Precision fermentation employs engineered microorganisms to create and refine scents and aromas with high accuracy, allowing for customizable aromas and opening new possibilities for both culinary experiences and consumer products. Structured data on volatile compounds from canned meat and fermented products was compiled to train machine learning (ML) models aimed at predicting volatile compounds and simulating meat aroma in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We proposed a framework encompassing data generation and preprocessing, feature selection, model construction, and evaluation. Principal Component Analysis ensured data quality control, while embedding-based feature selection identified key volatile compounds. A two-stage model was developed to quantify the importance of volatile compounds and predict meat aroma and the gradient-boosted decision trees (GBDT) model demonstrated optimal performance. Our study guides simulating meat aroma through fermentation, offering a promising approach for plant-based meat flavoring.

Granular bed filter is one of the most promising technologies for the dust removal from high temperature coal pyrolysis gas. In this work, three-dimensional numerical models were employed to investigate the influence of operation parameters on collection efficiency, especially paying attention to particle deposition characteristics in the bed and outlet particle size distribution. The results show that the operation parameters have different effects on the collection efficiency of particles with the different properties. Under the same conditions, the collection efficiency of granular bed for circulating ash increases more rapidly compared to that of char particles. According to the effective Stokes number (N-steff), the collection efficiency of granular bed can be obviously divided into three regions: difficult separation region (N-steff <= 0.25), transition region (0.25= 0.83). Dust deposition within the bed exhibits axial attenuation along the gas flow direction, allowing classification of deposited particles into two characteristic types: dispersed particles and congregated particles. In addition, granular bed filtration induces a morphological transition of particle size distribution, transforming the original monomodal profile into a well-defined bimodal structure. A correlation formula of the collection efficiency was developed, providing critical insights for the engineering design of granular bed filters.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe inflammatory lung condition associated with high morbidity and mortality, underscoring the urgent need for effective treatment options. This study proposes a nanotherapeutic strategy for acute lung injury (ALI) based on manganese silicate (MS) hollow nanospheres, whose intrinsic properties include ROS scavenging enabled by multivalent Mn, and immunomodulatory and tissue-protective effects endowed by the bioactive ions released from MS. The designed hollow structure of MS grants the nanoparticles with drug delivery capability. Taking advantage of multiple bioactivities, MS nanospheres suppress inflammation, reduce oxidative stress, and support the recovery of the alveolar-capillary barrier in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury model. Furthermore, following the utilization as a drug delivery vehicle, MS nanospheres effectively target Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced acute pulmonary infection, achieving synergistic effects between the intrinsic bioactivity and antimicrobial therapy. Therefore, the study presents a versatile nanoplatform with a combination of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and injury-mitigating biofunctions, offering a promising strategy of nanomedicine application for the management of inflammatory lung diseases.

Dust removal from pyrolytic vapors at high temperatures is an obstacle to the industrialization of the coal pyrolysis process. In this work, a granular bed with expanded perlites as filtration media was designed and integrated into a 10 t center dot d-1 coal pyrolysis facility. The testing results showed that around 97.56% dust collection efficiency was achieved. As a result, dust content in tar was significantly lowered. The pressure drop of the granular bed maintained in the range of 356 Pa to 489 Pa. The dust size in the effluent after filtration exhibited a bimodal distribution, which was attributed to the heterogeneity of the dust components. The effects of filtration bed on pyrolytic product yields were also discussed. A modified filtration model based on the macroscopic phenomenological theory was proposed to describe the performance of the granular bed. The computation results were well agreed with the experimental data. (c) 2023 The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China, and Chemical Industry Press Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Thermal dechlorination and fast pyrolysis experiments of PVC were carried out. Characterizations such as TG, FTIR and 13C NMR were applied to analyze the thermal degradation characteristics and chemical structure evolution characteristics of de-HCl PVC during the dechlorination process. The thermal dechlorination results show that the degree of dechlorination and aromatization of de-HCl PVC is deepened with the increasing dechlorination temperature. The dechlorination efficiency is as high as 99.86% at 320 degrees C. Meanwhile, the de-HCl PVC with a chlorine content of 0.22% and the optimal H/Ceff value for aromatics production can be obtained. The de-HCl PVC gradually evolves from a long chain structure with C-C bonds as the skeleton to a long olefin chain structure with partial aromatization during the dechlorination process. The fast pyrolysis results show that the oil generated by the de-HCl PVC (320 degrees C) pyrolysis has a high aromatic content of 97.32%-99.93%. In addition, there are no chlorine-containing compounds in the oil from de-HCl PVC (320 degrees C) pyrolysis, while the PVC pyrolysis oil contains chlorinated aromatics with high content of 1.91%-4.02%. During the fast pyrolysis process, the monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) are mainly formed from the cyclization of polyene fragments released by random fragmentation of de-HCl PVC (320 degrees C). Further, the polycondensation reaction is promoted to realize the conversion of MAHs to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under the action of high temperature. The by-products of pyrolysis gas with high HHV and carbon-rich char both can be further utilized. Overall, thermal dechlorination and fast pyrolysis can realize harmless treatment and high-value uti-lization of PVC.

Granular bed filtration is considered one of the most promising engineering solutions to the dust removal from high temperature coal pyrolytic vapors. Expanded perlite as filtration media was studied in a lab-scale fixed bed reactor to understand its effect on pyrolysis products. Factors including filtration temperature, filtration time, dust accumulation and regeneration effect were investigated. The results show that there is around 12.9 % reduction in tar yield even under an optimized temperature of 550 degrees C after filtration bed. Dust accumulation would further promote tar cracking reactions. Coke deposition on the perlite increases with filtration time, which causes further reduction in tar yield. The redox cycle between filtration and regeneration significantly alters the properties of perlite. It is found that carbon deposition on perlite is alleviated in the initial cycles due to the formation of potassium carbonate. And the extent of tar cracking becomes weak. With the cycle numbers further increasing, the situation is inversed. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were applied to explore the mechanisms behind the findings. Potassium and transition metals such as iron contained in perlite may make significant contributions.

The desorption process of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from a polymer adsorbent in counter-current multistage fluidized bed was studied. And a mathematical model considering the mass transfer dynamics was developed, which was validated from experiment data. The gaseous ethyl acetate mass transfer was discussed, and the limiting step is the intraparticle mass transfer of the desorption process. The value of intraparticle mass transfer coefficient is between 1.85 x 10(-6) and 1.38 x 10(-5) m . s(-1) under temperature of 100-160 degrees C. Experiments under different operating conditions were carried out. The effects of operating conditions such as gas-solid flow ratio, gas inlet temperature and total stage number of multistage fluidized bed on outlet VOCs concentration and desorption efficiency were discussed. The maximum outlet VOCs concentration and corresponding desorption efficiency of the multistage fluidized bed desorber was calculated under different gas inlet temperatures and total stage numbers. (C) 2020 The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China, and Chemical Industry Press Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

A new polymeric adsorbent with highly hypercrosslinked structure was developed for the removal of VOCs from polluted air. The purpose of this work is to obtain the intraparticle mass transfer coefficient of the adsorbent particles. Adsorption experiments for obtaining breakthrough curves were carried out with a fixed bed system. A dynamic mathematical model for the fixed bed adsorption system was developed. By model fitting, the overall mass transfer coefficient was determined when the deviation error was minimum. Then, the intraparticle mass transfer coefficient of the adsorbent was determined when the external mass transfer resistance was eliminated at higher velocities. Furthermore, a linear relationship of the intraparticle mass transfer coefficient and equilibrium coefficient at lower inlet gas concentrations range was correlated. Moreover, an equation for predicting external mass transfer coefficient at low Reynolds number range at room temperature was obtained.