Eliminating poverty and exploiting natural resources are sustainable development goals for modern society, especially for developing countries or regions. To achieve these targets, development-oriented eco-tourism planning and design can empower rural areas with rich available natural resources to eventually achieve the aforementioned goals. Pro-Poor Tourism (PPT), an initiative proposed by the UK's Department for International Development in 1999, is regarded as an effective pathway that benefits, through tourism, the underprivileged population living in poor areas. For the purpose of attracting the participation and increasing the income of the poor population, we conducted research, in the present study, on possible models of development-oriented poverty reduction via ecotourism in forest zones. We then proposed several development paths for PPT industries in Lechang city, Guangdong province, southern China, by utilizing the literature review method and conceptual analyses and comprehensively adopting the PPT strategy. The results indicated that: 1) four stakeholders [(i.e., government departments, tourism enterprises, rural communities, and non-profit social organizations (NGOs)] are responsible for engaging the poor population, alleviating poverty, and protecting the environment in different ways. Specifically, government departments are expected to play a leading role in setting up platforms and supervising the situation, tourism can maximize its usage of various ecological resources rationally and sustainably, and the rural communities and NGOs are recommended to serve as an organic unit, working together to push forward certain PPT tasks and form practical development models. 2) In consideration of the availability of three featured types of ecological resources (i.e., natural forests, high mountain tea, and characteristic vegetables and fruits) in Lechang city, the present study put forward a compound development model of ecological tourism consisting of the above three featured agro-forestry resources.Furthermore, we proposed three possible pathways suitable for the industrial development of Lechang city; that is, (i) "leisure agriculture + characteristic forest fruit industry + e-commercial tourism industry," (ii) "understory leisure industry + understory economic industry + initial processing of forest products," and (iii) "forest eco-tourism + characteristic forest planting + natural ecological education." In conclusion, our study suggests that the rational utilization of the PPT strategy and the effective integration of government departments, tourism enterprises, rural communities, and NGOs could facilitate subsequent tasks. The study also emphasized that achieving the anticipated three goals (i.e., comprehensive development of economy, comprehensive development of poor communities, as well as poor population and ecological sustainability) might largely rely on the full consideration of benefits for the economy, society, and the environment during the process of development-oriented poverty reduction via eco-tourism by the four stakeholders.

Basing on the existing development basis and agricultural conditions, this paper focuses on implementing the"rural revitalization"strategy and accelerating the modernization of agriculture and rural areas in Lechang City.The data is obtained in the form of field interviews, questionnaires and online access to relevant literatures. Suggestions are as follows:1. Relying on location advantages and abundant natural resources, to develop tertiary industry with tourism as the mainstay;2. Mining red tourism resources and developing red tourism;3. Inheriting and carrying forward intangible cultural heritage, and excavating characteristic cultural values;4. Characteristic industry development. Through the development ideas of"product branding, agricultural specialization, production standardization, and regional integration", the local area can create a new era of rural tourism integrating catering, accommodation, hot springs, picking, leisure, sightseeing, entertainment, seedlings and ecological characteristic village.

The fruit characteristics and yield of the Cornus wilsoniana excellent tree and the clone of the C. wilsoniana excellent tree from Jiangxi province and Guangdong province were studied. The results showed that for theC. wilsoniana excellent tree, the average fruit diameter and seed diameter were 6.08 and 4.54 mm;the average hundred-grain-weight of fresh fruit and seed were 14.3 and 5.56 g; the average fruit diameter, seed diameter of the excellent tree clone forC. wilsoniana were 5.81, 4.32 mm; the repeatabilities of fruit diameter, seed diameter and hundred-seed-weight were 0.9734、0.9740、0.9921. For the clone of excellent tree, the average yield of fresh fruit per plant was 620.0~2636.7 g; the average yield per plant of JX3, JX2 and JX12 were 2661.4, 2637.7 and 2320.0 g respectively, which were 54.4%, 53.0%, 34.6% higher than the yield of the whole forest. The correlation coefficients of fruit diameter, seed diameter and hundred-seed-weight between the excellent tree and the clone of excellent tree were 0.638, 0.681 and 0.774, which were significant or extreamly significant. The correlation coefficient between seed diameter and yield of the excellent tree clone was 0.431 and the correlation was not significant.

对光皮树(Cornus wilsoniana)3个无性系GY8040、JX3、JX7的6 a生植株开展光响应测定,利用直角双曲线修正模型及非直角双曲线模型分别进行模拟.结果表明,两种模型模拟符合度高,直角双曲线修正模型参数与实测值误差较小,且能直接模拟饱和光强,具较强的适用性.3个光皮树无性系光补偿点分别为24.98,17.27,20.21μmol·m-2·s-1,光饱和点分别为1 649.02,2 692.32,1 533.69 μmol·m-2·s-1,最大净光合速率分别为15.43,21.70,14.21 μmol·m-2·s-1,JX3光补偿点最低,光饱和点最高,具有较高的光能利用效率.

According to the investigation of Magnoliaceae plants resource,37 species of Magnoliaceae plants belonging to 7 genera and 37 species were found in Lechang,Guangdong.The results showded that there were 5 genera and 14 species belong to the native plants,and 6 genera and 23 species belong to the introduced plants.The growth performance and conservation issues of introduced plants in Lechang was summarized,and suggestions were put forward in this article.

Cornus wilsoniana Wanger is a new unearthed rare ideal native woody oil tree species with high quality and multi-purpose,particularly suitable for limestone area reforestation.According to the survey results of germplasm resources of C.wilsoniana in north Guangdong area(mainly in Lechang county territory) in 2008 and 2010,C.wilsonana should be protected urgently in this area.Existing tree distribution type mainly includes:(1) Old tree with age of over 200 years old.(2) Natural small population.(3) Artificial small population.Based on the main target economic characters of growth and fruit yields,seeds and stocks of 45 selected individuals of C.wilsoniana were collected.According to the literature and latest data,the development and utilization of C.wilsoniana were summarized and discussed in this paper.

Study on experiment in cultivation of 8 Rosmarinus officinalis varieties in 3 different experimental fields,their adaptability were investigated.The results show that there are significant differences between height growth and crown width growth among different varieties,the better ones are Labiata,Upright and Subury blue;the height growth and crown width growth of R.officinalis in different fields has significant differences too,and with integrated performance the best one is grown in Longshan tree farm,Lechang town.The species which suitable for planting in northern of Guangdong are Labiata,Upright and Subury blue,and planting density didn′t has significant effect on growth of R.officinalis.Pruning management can effectively prevent the occurrence of insect pests and diseases,it also can resist to lodging.

In the upper and middle reaches of Beijiang river,43 indigenous broadleaf tree species were planted in order to select the excellent ones for ecological forestation.The result showed that the survival percentage,height growths,diameter growth and range of tree crown of different species were highly significantly different,indicating that the key technique for the plantation in such area is the selection of the tree species.Besides,height growths had a significant correlation with diameter growth(P< 0.000 1) for the all 43 tree species.By comprehensive assessing the growth traits among these tree species,the following tree species were suggested for ecological forest:Sapium discolor,Castanopsis fissa,Elaeocarpus duclouxii,Liquidamber formosana,Elaeocarpus sylvestris,Alniphyllum fortunei,Helicia reticulata,Lithocarpus glaber,Schima superda,Myrica rubra and Hovenia acerba.

乐昌含笑,我国植物学家左景烈早在1929年于乐昌县(现乐是市)采集到标本,后由英国植物学家Dandy定名,国它与含笑属,最早又在乐昌发现故中文名为乐昌含笑、景烈含笑、景烈白兰,又名南方白兰花、大叶含笑.